scholarly journals COVID-19 infected neonate presenting with cytokine storm and sepsis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 1296
Author(s):  
Mallesh Kariyappa ◽  
Sahana Devadas ◽  
Aparna Dutt ◽  
Varun Govindarajan
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Intravenous Antibiotics ◽  
Upper Respiratory

COVID-19, a clinical syndrome caused by the coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) became a pandemic following an outbreak of viral pneumonitis, first identified in Wuhan, China. The disease manifestations vary ranging from mild upper respiratory tract infection to severe pneumonitis, acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and even death. Although most of the neonatal cases are asymptomatic, rarely, they can present with cytokine storm mimicking with similar features of sepsis. This is a case report of SARS-CoV19 positive neonate presenting with sepsis and cytokine storm, 5-day old baby born to SARS-COVID 19 positive mother presented with fever and investigations showed elevated total counts with neutrophilic predominance, thrombocytopenia suggestive of sepsis and increased inflammatory markers suggestive of cytokine storm. Blood culture was sent and baby was started on intravenous antibiotics. In view of cytokine storm intravenous dexamethasone 0.5 mg/kg/day was given intravenously for 5 days. Neonate recovered from illness after 1 week as evidenced clinically and and by the fall in inflammatory markers before discharge. This report opens the possibility of having both sepsis and cytokine storm in a SARS-CoV19 positive neonate.

scholarly journals Challenges in the delivery of critical care in India during the COVID-19 pandemic

2020 ◽  
pp. 175114372095259
Author(s):  
Bharath Kumar Tirupakuzhi Vijayaraghavan ◽  
Sheila Nainan Myatra ◽  
Meghena Mathew ◽  
Nirmalyo Lodh ◽  
Jigeeshu Vasishtha Divatia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Intensive Care ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Coronavirus disease 2019 cases in India continue to increase and are expected to peak over the next few weeks. Based on some projection models, India is expected to have more than 10 million cases by September 2020. The spectrum of disease can vary from mild upper respiratory tract symptoms to life-threatening acute respiratory distress syndrome and multi-organ failure requiring intensive care. Even if less than 5% of patients require critical care services, this will still rapidly overwhelm the healthcare system in a country, where intensive care services and resources are scarce and unevenly distributed. In this perspective article, we highlight the critical care preparedness of India for the pandemic and the associated challenges.

scholarly journals Severe Immune Thrombocytopenia Complicated by Intracerebral Haemorrhage Associated with Coronavirus Infection: A Case Report and Literature Review

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed Magdi ◽  
Ali Rahil
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Intracranial Haemorrhage ◽  
Immune Thrombocytopenia ◽  
Autoimmune Disorder ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Autoimmune Process ◽  
Thrombocytopenic Purpura ◽  
Coronavirus Infection ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is an autoimmune disorder that causes isolated thrombocytopenia. Many viruses have been identified as triggering the autoimmune process, including HIV, MCV, EBV, parvovirus, rubella and measles. However, ITP in association with coronavirus infection has not previously been reported. We describe the case of a healthy man who presented with severe ITP complicated by intracranial haemorrhage following upper respiratory tract infection. An infection screen revealed coronavirus infection.

scholarly journals Acute viral myositis: case report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Sarlo Pezzin ◽  
Camila de Melo Perovani ◽  
Luana Marques Ribeiro ◽  
Julya Leite de Assis Pereira ◽  
Caroline Lopes Gratival ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Nasal Congestion ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Lower Limbs ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Context: Benign Acute Childhood Myositis (BACM) is a self-limited syndrome of acute myalgia prevalent in calf with impaired walking after Upper Respiratory Tract Infection. This report analyze the clinical condition and investigation of BACM case, by medical record. Case report: C.L.F.A., male, 12 years, in use of clobazam, sodium divalproate, topiramate and lamotrigine, started low back pain. One day after, presented headache, fever and nasal congestion. Reported convulsive febrile episodes. At following morning received Upper Respiratory Tract Infection diagnoses. Next day, maintained symptoms and developed thrombocytopenia. Discharged due to suspicion of dengue. After 24 hours, returned with improved thrombocytopenia, also with leukopenia. At 5th day, started pain in lower limbs and impaired walking. Due to muscle symptoms worsening and increased creatinophosphokinase, hospital admission were indicated. Laboratory tests found increased in creatinekinase (10,180 U/L), CKMB (129,6 U/L), leukopenia (2800/mm3 ) and thrombocytopenia (174,000 / mm3 ). Anti-HIV, anti- leptospirosis, dengue, Chikungunya and anti-HCV tests resulted negative. At the 6th hospitalization day, he was discharged virtue of muscle symptoms, leukocytosis and creatinekinase levels favorable progression. Conclusions: BACM has excellent prognosis and self-limited course, so outpatient care is feasible. The diagnosis is clinical. If neurological deficits, modified urine tests and rash, or symptoms duration longer than one week, differential diagnoses must be researched. Measure creatinekinase is important if pain or walking disability after viral episode. Early intervention avoids complications.

scholarly journals Erythema Nodosum Leprosum Triggered by Antecedent Influenza Vaccine and Respiratory Tract Infection: A Case Report

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew K. Sandre ◽  
Sonia M. Poenaru ◽  
Andrea K. Boggild
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Influenza Vaccine ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infection ◽  
Erythema Nodosum ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Erythema Nodosum Leprosum ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
New Onset

We present a patient with new-onset erythema nodosum leprosum months after successful treatment of her mid-borderline leprosy, which was likely triggered by a combination of antecedent influenza vaccination and upper respiratory tract infection.

scholarly journals A Closer Look at Dexamethasone and the SARS-CoV-2-Induced Cytokine Storm: In Silico Insights of the First Life-Saving COVID-19 Drug

Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1507
Author(s):  
Paul Morgan ◽  
Shareen J. Arnold ◽  
Nai-Wan Hsiao ◽  
Chih-Wen Shu
Keyword(s):  
Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Protein Complexes ◽  
Transcriptional Level ◽  
Cytokine Storm ◽  
High Affinity ◽  
Cytokines And Chemokines ◽  
Autoimmune Destruction ◽  
Life Saving

The term cytokine storm refers to an uncontrolled overproduction of soluble inflammatory markers known as cytokines and chemokines. Autoimmune destruction of the lungs triggered by the release of these inflammatory markers often induces acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). ARDS is an emergency condition with a high mortality rate in COVID-19 patients. Dexamethasone is the first repurposed corticosteroid with life-saving efficacy in patients with severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Dexamethasone has traditionally been known to suppress the production of inflammatory markers at the transcriptional level, but its role as a direct therapeutic to neutralize cytokines, chemokines, their receptors, and functionally critical SARS-CoV-2 proteins has not yet been explored. Herein, we demonstrated that dexamethasone binds with high affinity to interlukin-1 (IL-1), IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-21, INF2, TGFβ-1, INF-γ, CXCL8, some of the receptors, IL-1R, IL-21R, IFNGR, INFAR, IL-6αR-gp130, ST2 and the SARS-CoV-2 protein NSP macro X, and 3CLpro, forming stable drug–protein complexes. Our work implied that dexamethasone has the potential to directly neutralize inflammatory markers, further supporting its life-saving potential in patients with severe manifestations of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Acute orbital myositis: case report

1997 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
pp. 136-138 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirian S. Bittar ◽  
Maria L. Garcia ◽  
Paulo E. Marchiori
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
White Woman ◽  
Clinical Findings ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Ocular Pain ◽  
Orbital Myositis ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tomography Scan

The case of 22-year old, white woman with bilateral orbital myositis following an acute upper respiratory tract infection is reported. The most important clinical findings were ocular pain, proptosis, restricted eye motility and swelling of the eyelids. The enlarged eye muscles were seen on orbital computerized tomography scan. The clinical findings of inflammatory orbital myositis and clinical response to corticotherapy are emphasized.

scholarly journals Neonatal SARS-CoV-2 Infection: Practical Tips

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Cinzia Auriti ◽  
Domenico De Rose ◽  
Vito Mondì ◽  
Ilaria Stolfi ◽  
Chryssoula Tzialla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distress Syndrome ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Late Pregnancy ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Young Infants ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
A New Species

The recent viral pandemic in Wuhan, Hubei, China has led to the identification of a new species of beta-coronavirus, able to infect humans, the 2019-nCoV, later named SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 causes a clinical syndrome named COVID-19, which presents with a spectrum of symptoms ranging from mild upper respiratory tract infection to severe pneumonia, with acute respiratory distress syndrome and frequent death. All age groups are susceptible to the infection, but children, especially infants, seem to be partially spared, having a more favorable clinical course than other age groups. There is currently no clear evidence showing vertical transmission and intrauterine SARS-CoV-2 infection in fetuses of women developing COVID-19 pneumonia in late pregnancy, and even if transmission is possible, the SARS-CoV2 positivity of the mother does not require delivery by caesarean section, does not contraindicate the management of the infant in rooming-in and allows breastfeeding. This review provides an overview on the biology of the virus, on the pathogenesis of the infection, with particular attention to pregnancy and neonatal age, on the clinical presentation of infection in newborns and young infants and summarizes the international recommendations currently available on the clinical care of neonates with SARS-CoV2 infection or at risk of catching the virus. The main objective of the review is to provide an update especially focused to the clinical management of COVID-19 infection in the perinatal and neonatal age.

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