Nutritional status determined by anthropometric measurement among rural school children aged between (6-18 years) using WHO Z-score in our field practice area

Background: In India, children under 15 years of age constitute about 40% of the population. Nutrition among this age group is of vital importance as ill health leads to imbalance both in physical and mental growth. Hence this study was taken up to assess the nutritional status of school going children.Methods: Study design: cross-sectional study. Study period: one year. Sample technique: purposive sampling. Data collection: by interview method. Anthropometric measurements were recorded. New WHO growth chart standards were considered in assessing stunting, underweight, thinness and obesity among these children. Data analysis: SPSS software version 19.Results: A total of 932 children from 7 government schools were enrolled. 324 children were in the age group of 6-10 years. Among them 156 (48.14%) were underweight for their age and gender. In these 156, 89 (57%) were boys of whom 60% of them were 10 years of age. 67 (52.4%) were girls, among whom we found 27 (62.2%) were 10 years. There were 594 children who were stunted for their age. 274 (46.12%) were boys and 320 (53.87%) girls. Thinness was observed, which around 44.6% was, 175 children were severely thin for their age and gender. Overweight was 6.76% and 10 children were obese for their age and gender.Conclusions: Malnutrition among children is a major public health problem in India. Stunting was seen in 274 boys and 320 girls, among them 148 (54%) and 184 (57.5%) girls were in the age of 11-15 years. Thinness was seen in 416 (44.6%) of children, among them 175 (18.8%) were severely thin for their age and gender. The present study will be useful for the policy makers to formulate various strategies and health care programmes of the population concern to combat the issue.

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Nutritional Status of Children and Its Associated Factors in Selected Earthquake-Affected VDCs of Gorkha District, Nepal

International Journal of Pediatrics ◽

10.1155/2020/5849548 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2020 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Asmita Shrestha ◽

Chet Kant Bhusal ◽

Binjwala Shrestha ◽

Kiran Dev Bhattarai

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Associated Factors ◽

Age Groups ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anthropometric Measurement ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Nutritional Status Of Children ◽

Food Insecure Households

Background. Malnutrition is a major public health problem and most enveloping cause of morbidity and mortality among children and adolescents throughout the world. This study was aimed at assessing the nutritional status and associated factors among 6-10-year-old children in selected earthquake-affected areas of Gorkha district, Nepal. Methods. A community-based cross-sectional study among 420 mothers having children of age groups 6-10 years (with anthropometric measurement among children) was conducted using a mixed method in selected earthquake-affected areas of Gorkha district, Nepal, from October 2015 to April 2016. Gorkha was selected purposively from 14 earthquake-affected districts. Two village development committees were selected randomly among 6 having severe impact. Randomly, 5 wards were selected from each of the 2 village development committees. As the sample was 420, 42 children were selected randomly from every ward. Result. Among the 420 children, 31.9% were underweight, 51.9% were stunted, and 2.9% were wasted after the earthquake. Children who were more prone to being underweight were the following: male children (RR=1.34 95% CI: 1.01-1.78) and children from illiterate mothers (RR=2.49, 95% CI: 1.85-3.36), illiterate fathers (RR=1.73, 95% CI: 1.32-2.27), and homemaker mothers (RR=0.28, 95% CI: 0.20-0.38); children whose families were using nonimproved sources of water (RR=2.60, 95% CI: 1.07-6.60); and households having food insecurity (RR=12.97, 95% CI: 3.29-51.18). Similarly, children of illiterate fathers (RR=1.67, 95% CI: 1.41-1.97), children of illiterate mothers (RR=2.32, 95% CI: 1.91-2.83), children of homemaker mothers (RR=0.59, 95% CI: 0.49-0.70), children whose family were using treated water (RR=0.32, 95% CI: 0.15-0.67), and children from food insecure households (RR=10.52, CI: 4.05-27.33) were found to be stunted. After adjustment, children from households consuming nonimproved water were 6 times more likely (OR=6.75; 95% CI: 1.59-28.62) to be wasted. Conclusion. Illiterate mothers, illiterate fathers, mothers engaged in occupation other than household work, and food insecure households were found to be independent predictors of underweight and stunting. Nonimproved source of drinking water was found to be independent predictors of wasting.

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Co-infection with gonorrhoea and chlamydia: how much is there and what does it mean?

International Journal of STD & AIDS ◽

10.1258/095646203321156872 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 109-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Sarah Creighton ◽

Melinda Tenant-Flowers ◽

Christopher B Taylor ◽

Rob Miller ◽

Nicola Low

Keyword(s):

Dual Infection ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Heterosexual Men ◽

Age Group ◽

Sectional Study ◽

College Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age And Gender ◽

King's College ◽

And Gender

A cross-sectional study of new clients with either gonorrhoea or chlamydia attending King's College Hospital in 1998. One thousand two hundred and thirty-nine women and 1141 men had gonorrhoea, chlamydia or both. Overall, 24.2% (124/512) of heterosexual men and 38.5% (136/353) of women with gonorrhoea also had chlamydia ( P<0.001). Of heterosexual males 18.8% (124/660) and 13% (136/1022) of females with chlamydia also had gonorrhoea ( P=0.002). Ethnicity had no effect on the proportion of co-infection after controlling for age and gender. Clients with dual infection were younger than those with either infection alone ( P=0.0001). Over half of women and a quarter of men aged 15 to 19 years were dually infected so testing for both gonorrhoea and chlamydia may be appropriate in this age group in settings outside genitourinary clinics. The high proportion of cases of gonorrhoea that also have chlamydia justifies the policy of epidemiological treatment for chlamydia.

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Derivation of MUAC cut-off to identify undernourished 1-6 months old infants

International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics ◽

10.18203/2349-3291.ijcp20184283 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 5 (6) ◽

pp. 2217 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ramamani D. ◽

Suganya E.

Keyword(s):

Nutritional Status ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Youden Index ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Upper Arm ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Under Nutrition ◽

Arm Circumference ◽

Mid Upper Arm Circumference

Background: Under nutrition is the major public health problem in our country. There are numerous anthropometric methods, one of which is mid upper arm circumference (MUAC). MUAC cut-off classify the nutritional status of the children aged between 6-60 months. However, there is no specific cut-off for MUAC to identify the undernourished infants aged between 1-6 months. With the above background study was planned with the following objectives. Objectives of this study were to classify the nutritional status of 1-6 months aged infants using WLZ classification and to derive a cut off value for Mid upper arm circumference, to define under nutrition/wasting among 1-6 months aged infantsMethods: The cross-sectional study was carried out among 706 infants aged between 1-6 months. Nutritional status was assessed using WLZ. Various MUAC was tested against WLZ of <-2, in order to identify the cut-off below which, the infant will be considered undernourished.Results: Mean age of the participants was 96±55 days. Mean weight, length and mid upper arm circumference was 4.75±1.02 kg, 58.51±4.47 cm and 12.15±3.01cm respectively. MUAC cut-off <13.5 cm has yielded highest youden index, accuracy and sensitivity of 0.36, 0.79,99% respectively. The total area under ROC curve is 0.707 [95% CI: 0.66, 0.74; p<0.0001], having a good diagnostic accuracy and it is statistically significant.Conclusions: A MUAC cut-off value below 13.5 cm, among 1-6 months aged infants will be considered to be undernourished.

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Trend Analysis of Malaria Occurrence in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia: Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Malaria Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2015/123682 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2015 ◽

pp. 1-8 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Deresse Legesse ◽

Yusuf Haji ◽

Solomon Abreha

Keyword(s):

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Health Centers ◽

The Other ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Age Group ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Record Review

Background. Malaria is a major public health problem in Ethiopia. The trend of malaria occurrence remains unknown in the study area. This study is aimed at determining the last five years’ trend of malaria occurrence from 2008/09 to 2012/13 in Wolaita Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods. A health facility-based retrospective study was conducted in Wolaita Zone from March to August, 2014. Five years’ laboratory confirmed malaria record review was made from six health centers. Result. A total of 105,755 laboratory confirmed malaria cases were reported, with total slide positivity rate of 33.27% and mean annual occurrence of 21,151 cases. Malaria occurred with a fluctuating trend in the study area, with its peak occurring at the year 2011/12. Overall, no remarkable decline in the total laboratory confirmed malaria was observed in the last five years. P. falciparum was the predominantly reported species, accounting for 75,929 (71.80%) of cases. The highest slide positivity rate was observed in the age group of 5–14 years (40.5%) followed by 1–4 years (35.5%). Two malaria peak seasons occurred: one from September to December and the other from April to June. Conclusion. No remarkable decline in laboratory confirmed malaria in the last five years was observed.

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Prevalence of anaemia among females in reproductive age group attending a health center in the urban area of Kancheepuram district: a cross sectional study

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20200940 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 914

Author(s):

A. Abdul Azeez Thoufiq ◽

A. Johnpaul ◽

R. Umadevi

Keyword(s):

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Severe Anaemia ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Age Group ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Low Oxygen ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Reproductive Age Group

Background: Anaemia, which is defined as a low oxygen carrying capacity of blood, is a major public health problem. It is a condition in which there is a decrease in the total number of red blood cells in the blood, either due to decreased production or increased destruction or both. Anaemia, one of the most prevailing nutritional disorders, has a worldwide prevalence of approximately 52%. The burden of anaemia is high especially among females of reproductive age group where India ranks the top. The study is aimed to establish the prevalence of anaemia among female patients of reproductive age group (15-49 years).Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted among 254 females of reproductive age group, attending Anakaputhur, an urban field practice area of Sree Balaji Medical College. Convenient sampling method was used. Data was collected by discussion using a pretested semi-structured questionnare and haemoglobin estimation was done by venous sampling method.Results: The mean age of the study participants were 34.6±12.4 years with 9.05% uneducated and 8.6% graduate females. 26% gave history of symptoms of anaemia and prevalence of anaemia was reported to be 42.12% with 24.4%, 12.2% and 5.5% of mild, moderate and severe anaemia, respectively.Conclusions: Prevention and its treatment in women is much essential at this point, hence programmes and policies should be implemented based on the needs of the community, and health education should be imparted with respect to measures that can prevent and help in early diagnosis of anaemia.

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Prevalence and Associated Factors of Undernutrition among Under-Five Children of Bharatpur Municipality of Chitwan District, Nepal

Birat Journal of Health Sciences ◽

10.3126/bjhs.v2i3.18941 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 266-272

Author(s):

Ava Upadhyay Pokhrel ◽

Surya Bahadur Parajuli ◽

Alok Acharya

Keyword(s):

Associated Factors ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Nutrition Status ◽

Anthropometric Measurement ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Under Five ◽

Under Five Children ◽

Under Nutrition

Introduction: Under-nutrition during childhood, a major public health problem of Nepal, can have everlasting consequences. It is one of the primary causes of ill health and premature deaths in many developing countries like Nepal.Objective: The objective of the study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of under-nutrition among under-five children of Bharatpur municipality of Chitwan district of central Nepal.Methodology: A cross sectional study was conducted in Bharatpur municipality of Chitwan district. Anthropometric measurement of children and information regarding nutrition along with different exposures were taken from 402 randomly sampled mothers. WHO criteria was used to compare with the calculated Z-score using Anthro V3.2.2 software. Informed consent was taken from concerned authority. Descriptive statistics were calculated and binary logistic regressions was used to determine the influence of selected variables for underweight.Results: Majority of the respondents were from relatively advantaged groups and house makers. Almost 54% of the children were boys and the greatest share of children was of age group 25-36 months. Almost one in 10 children of Bharatpur had lower weight-for-height score (wasted). Likewise, more than one quarter (26.4%) were stunted and another 13.4% were under-weight. Families with less than four family members were less likely to have under-weight children and those who had more than two children had more chance of having under-weight children (P=0.002). Children having diarrheal episodes within 2 weeks period of study had higher odds of being malnourished.Conclusion: The study shows that female children have higher risks of being malnourished. Higher prevalence of underweight was seen with the increasing age of children. The size of family also matters the nutrition status of children. It is recommended that Ministry of Health needs to have more attention for the necessary intervention addressing the combined exposures factors for underweight. Birat Journal of Health SciencesVol.2/No.3/Issue 4/Sep- Dec 2017, Page: 266-272

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Prevalence of hypertension and its determinants in an urbanized village of East Delhi

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20171788 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 4 (5) ◽

pp. 1704 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Raghavendra A. H. ◽

Monika Singh ◽

Pragti Chabra ◽

Arun Kumar Sharma

Keyword(s):

Urban Area ◽

Rural Areas ◽

Urban Areas ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Duration Of Stay ◽

Rural And Urban Areas

Background: Hypertension is the major public health problem both in developing and developed nations. There is disparity in prevalence of hypertension in rural and urban areas. Data is available on the prevalence of hypertension in both urban and rural areas but studies on migratory population are limited. Methods: A community based cross sectional study conducted in urbanized village of east Delhi. WHO STEPS questionnaire was used collect the data. Total of 451 persons were interviewed by stratified random sampling method. Data analysis was done using SPSS version 16. Results: Prevalence of hypertension was 16.4%, high age group, high income, body mass index more than 23 and duration of stay in urban area were significantly associated with prevalence of hypertension. Conclusions: Older age group, higher BMI and longer duration of stay in urban area have significant associations with the higher prevalence of hypertension.

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Profile of dog bite cases reporting to ARV OPD of a tertiary care hospital

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20194022 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 6 (9) ◽

pp. 4088

Author(s):

Saurabha Urmi Subramanya ◽

Ravindra S. Kembhavi

Keyword(s):

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Public Health Problem ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Major Public Health Problem ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Age Group ◽

Dog Bite ◽

Cross Sectional

Background: Animal bites pose a major public health problem in children and adults worldwide. Rabies is a viral zoonosis caused by bite of a rabid dog that occurs in >100 countries and territories. India accounts for 60% of all the world burden of rabies related deaths. The objective of the present study is to analyse the profile of dog bite victims reporting to ARV OPD of a tertiary care hospital.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in the ARV OPD of a tertiary care hospital. A total of 228 victims of dog bite were interviewed. They were selected using systematic random sampling technique. Analysis of data obtained was done using SPSS.Results: Majority of the participants belonged to the age group 20-30 years. The proportion of male was higher than female. Most of the victims had suffered category II type of dog bite (66.2%). A statistically significant association was seen between age group and nature of dog bite, sex of victim and type of dog, type of dog and category of dog bite and the category of bite and history of dog biting other individuals.Conclusions: The burden of dog bite seems to be borne by the economically productive age group. All individuals need to be educated on how to behave around animals so that they can avoid animal bite.

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The assessment of need for suturing following maxillary third molar extractions

International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.3689 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (SPL3) ◽

pp. 1954-1959

Author(s):

Sathvika K ◽

Senthil Murugan P ◽

Leelavathi L

Keyword(s):

Maxillofacial Surgery ◽

Third Molar ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Age And Gender ◽

Maxillary Third Molar ◽

Study Population ◽

And Gender ◽

Maxillary Tuberosity

Maxillary third molar extractions (MTME) are one of the most common procedures done in maxillofacial surgery. Nevertheless, there are general complications that arise with every surgery. In our study, we have aimed to understand why suturing had been done following MTME and to observe a predilection in age and gender. By attempting to do so, we may establish when suturing is required and if age and gender have a role to play. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted after reviewing and analysing the data from 86,000 patient records between June 2019 and March 2020. Patients with an established record of MTME were selected from the age group of (20-60) years. The females of the study population had a larger frequency for having undergone MTME (52.7%) compared to the males (47.3%) and lastly transgenders (0.1%). The highest incidence of MTME was found in the age group of (31-40) years with 30.6% followed by (20-30) and (41-50) years with 26.9% each. (51-60) years had the least MTME done (15.6%). There was a higher incidence of extracted 28’s than 18’s (52.1% > 47.9%). Sutures were placed only in 1.6% of the total cases due to tuberosity fractures that had occurred as a complication of MTME. The placement of a suture following exodontia is not always mandatory, but when a complication such as a maxillary tuberosity fracture arises, suturing must be done. It is imperative to be equipped with the knowledge on how to manage possible complications, because even simple exodontias can prove to have fatal outcomes. Thus, further studies must be done to confirm our findings and to test other geographical locations and ethnicities.

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