scholarly journals Pattern of HIV infected meningitis patient investigated in a tertiary care institute of eastern India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 623
Author(s):  
Rajib Saha ◽  
Chandrima Saha
Keyword(s):  
Cell Count ◽  
Cryptococcal Meningitis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cd4 Cell Count ◽  
Care Institute

Background: This study was started in the aim of determining the pattern of meningitis and their clinico-laboratorial presentation among HIV infected patients.Methods: This secondary data based cross-sectional study was conducted on 2010 in a tertiary care institute of eastern India among HIV infected meningitis patients. From June 2009 to May 2010, 92 patients were included in our study. Bed head tickets, laboratory reports and registers were used for data collection. Chi square test was applied for the test of significance.Results: 70.7% cryptococcal and 29.3% tubercular meningitis cases were found. Mean CD4 cell count, CSF protein, CSF glucose, WBC cell count of TB and cryptococcal meningitis patients were 143 cells/cumm, 546.1 mg/dl, 26.8 mg/dl, 550 cells/ cumm and 175 cells/ cumm, 189.1 mg/dl, 30.1 mg/dl, 36 cells/ cumm respectively. 29.2% patients of Cryptococcal meningitis were presented with mental change, confusion or psychological disorders, but these symptoms were not observed among TB meningitis patients.Conclusions: This study provided a baseline data about epidemiology and clino-laboratorial features of HIV meningitis patients of eastern India and will help for further investigation in this field.

scholarly journals Empty shelves: selected essential medicines stockouts in South Africa

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Wolvaardt ◽  
R Nemuntandani ◽  
I Kamungoma-Dada
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Treatment Interruption ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Antiretroviral Medication

Abstract Background Access to essential medicines in South Africa has been compromised by stockouts in health facilities. This study describes the occurrence of stockouts for a selection of essential medicines. Methods This cross-sectional study used secondary data retrieved from the Stop Stock Outs Project (SSP). A descriptive analysis was conducted on data from the 2013-2015 SSP case management database of routinely reported stockouts. Chi square tests of independence was conducted on data from the SSP 2015 annual telephonic survey to investigate associations between the occurrence of stockouts, the level of health facility and the type of health professional. Results 231 facilities reported 609 stockouts. Antiretroviral medication had the most stockout reports (78%; n = 475/609), followed by anti-infectives (17.1%; n = 104/609) and tuberculosis medication (4.9%; n = 30/609). The highest number of stockout reports were received from Gauteng province and the majority (71.09%; n = 150/211) of facilities reporting stockouts were in urban areas. There were more stockouts at ambulatory, rather than inpatient care, facilities however, this was not statistically significant. Conclusions This study confirms that South Africa experiences medicine stockouts for many of the essential medicines, with antiretroviral medication being the category most affected. The stockouts vary between provinces and the urban-rural divide but are an equal threat to both ambulatory and inpatient facilities. Key messages The pattern of stockouts experienced over a three-year period suggest that stockouts are ‘normal’ despite the substantive effects of treatment interruption – especially patients with HIV and/or TB. Antiretroviral therapy is at risk as a result of stockouts.

scholarly journals Mental stress in infertility: a tertiary care hospital-based study

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 4249
Author(s):  
Susmita Bhattacharya ◽  
Amit Kyal ◽  
Payel Mondal ◽  
Partha Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Mrinalini Chowdhury ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Stress ◽  
Married Couple ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Dyadic Adjustment ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Infertility ◽  
Icd 10

Background: Most of the couples suffering from infertility report it to be the most stressful and depressing period of their life, more so if it is a primary infertility. Studies regarding the prevalence and role of infertility-specific stress especially in eastern part of India is very limited. The objective of the present study was to estimate the prevalence of infertility-specific stress and its role in marital adjustment in women diagnosed with infertility.Methods: It was a cross-sectional study done on 80 married couple diagnosed with infertility (both primary and secondary) over 1 year from July 2016 to June,2017. Dyadic Adjustment Scale (DAS), "semi-structured questionnaire" compiled by the authors and "ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders (Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines)" were used for the evaluation. The analysis was done using SPSS (version 16) and Chi-square test.Results: Around 86% infertile women and 21% infertile men were found to suffer from mental stress. Infertility related stress were more in patients with primary infertility than in secondary one. Women mostly (56.5%) coped with stress by self-blaming whereas men (58.2%) by blaming the partner.Conclusions: Mental stress was significantly associated with infertility. In fact, maladjustment in marital relation caused by the stress adversely affected the conjugal life and thus also the fertility. Proper counselling of both partners might be helpful to solve this problem.

scholarly journals Knowledge, Attitude and Practices Regarding First Aid against Domestic Injuries in Mothers of Children less than 5 Years of Age Attending Fauji Foundation Hospital Islamabad

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-157
Author(s):  
Raima Asif ◽  
Naila Azam ◽  
Fatima Ali Raza ◽  
Mehwish Riaz ◽  
Shaista Zulfiqar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
First Aid ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Strongly Agree ◽  
Home Accidents

Background: The objective is to assess the knowledge, attitude and practices regarding first aid towards home related injuries among mothers of children less than 5 years of age at tertiary care hospital of Islamabad. Methods: A questionnaire based cross sectional study was conducted in Fauji Foundation Hospital Islamabad. 400 participants were selected using convenience sampling the mother of children under 5 years of age were included and mother of children with any major co morbidity, congenital abnormalities and who didn’t give consent were excluded from the study. A pretested, structured, self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection after obtaining permission from Institutional Ethical Committee. Statistical analysis was carried using SPSS version 20. Frequencies and percentages were computed, descriptive statistical analysis was done. Chi- Square was applied for association between socio demographic variables and knowledge of mothers regarding first aid. Results: About 44% of the mothers and 63% children fall in age group of 31 and 2-5 years respectively. Half of the mothers (48%) are below intermediate level of education. About 34% of the respondents stated bleeding as most urgent and important injury requiring first aid. Regarding attitudes, 50% of the mothers strongly agree towards necessity of first aid and lack of awareness about dealing with domestic injuries. Sixty-five (65%) of the mothers had given first aid to their child. About 33%, 75%, 44% and 39% of the mothers have faced a child with difficulty in breathing; bleeding, burning and insect/sibling bite respectively. Age of mother (p=0.041), education of mother (p=0.001) and total no of children (p=0.001) were significantly associated with knowledge of first aid. Conclusion: Although home accidents are a common problem, mother’s knowledge regarding home accidents was deficient although majority of the respondents have positive attitude.

CLINICOEPIDEMIOLOGICAL STUDY OF CHILDHOOD PSORIASIS PATIENTS AND ITS ASSOCIATION WITH HLA-CW6 IN A TERTIARY CARE CENTRE OF EASTERN INDIA

2021 ◽  
pp. 10-11
Author(s):  
Akhilesh Behra
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Clinical History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Eastern India ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Plaque Type ◽  
Worldwide Population

BACKGROUND- Psoriasis is chronic common papulosquamous disorder. Its aetiology included various environmental and genetic factors. In genetics, HLA-Cw6 is most commonly associated with psoriasis. Childhood psoriasis is also common in worldwide population. However, very few studies done on epidemiological data and HLA-Cw6 analysis in childhood psoriasis patients. AIMS AND OBJECTIVE- Clinicoepidemiological study of childhood psoriasis patients and its association with HLA-Cw6 in a tertiary care centre of Eastern India MATERIALAND METHOD- We conducted a cross-sectional study in a tertiary care centre and recruited 20 patients of psoriasis with age group below 18 years after taking proper consent. Clinical history and blood was taken from them and HLA-Cw6 analysis was done by PCR method. Data compilation was done by Microsoft excel using SPSS software. RESULTS- A total of the 20 childhood psoriasis patients, 9 were males and 11 were females. Generalized plaque type psoriasis (N=19) is commonest followed by guttate psoriasis (N=1). None of the patients had arthalgia. Family history was present in only 3 patients. Higher numbers of childhood psoriasis patients (N=14) were positive for HLA-Cw6. Also Higher numbers of females (N=10) were positive for HLA-Cw6. ve patients had nail changes. CONCLUSION- We found HLA-Cw6 is strongly associated with childhood psoriasis and also HLA-Cw6 frequency is higher in female than male childhood psoriasis patients.

scholarly journals Patient Attitudes towards Physician Nonverbal Behaviors during Consultancy: Result from a Developing Country

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahad Hanif Khan ◽  
Raheela Hanif ◽  
Rumina Tabassum ◽  
Waris Qidwai ◽  
Kashmira Nanji
Keyword(s):  
Nonverbal Communication ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Eye Contact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
University Hospital ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Nonverbal Behaviors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test

Background. Nonverbal behaviors have a significant impact on patients during consultations. This study was undertaken to find out the attitudes and preferences of the patients regarding nonverbal communication during consultations with physicians, in a tertiary care hospital. Methods. A questionnaire based cross-sectional study was carried out at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan, during the months of January to March 2012. All patients (>18 years of age) coming for consultancy in the family medicine clinics were approached; out of 133, 120 agreed to participate. The subjects were asked questions regarding physician’s comforting touch and eye contact and their responses were noted. The data were analyzed using SPSS and chi-square test was used to identify corelations. Results. Overall, 120 patients were enrolled. About 58.3% were men and 41.7% were women with a mean age of 34.9±10.9 years. 95.8% were Muslims and 57.6% had more than 12 years of education. Among females 74% wanted supportive touch from doctors, used to comfort the patient (45%) or to show respect (27.5%) or as healing (30%). 86.1% of the respondents believe that establishing eye contact with the patient shows that the doctor is attentive towards his/her patient. The eye contact should be brief but regular (54.1%) and prolonged staring (36.7%) makes them uncomfortable. Conclusion. Nonverbal communication helps to strengthen the doctor-patient relation as patients do appreciate positive touch and eye contact from their physicians.

scholarly journals Survival outcomes of trachea esophageal fistula in infant

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1680
Author(s):  
S. Prabkaran ◽  
K. Kasthuri Thilagam
Keyword(s):  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Esophageal Fistula ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cardiovascular Defects ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Type 3

Background: Tracheo-esophageal fistula (TEF) is a rare congenital abnormality often associated with several other anomalies including renal, vertebral column, gastrointestinal or cardiovascular defects. This study was carried out to evaluate the outcome of trachea esophageal fistula among patients who underwent various surgeries for the anastomosis of trachea esophageal fistula.Methods: This study was conducted as a record based cross sectional study among 88 patients who were diagnosed and treated for trachea-esophageal fistula in tertiary care hospital between 2015 and 2018. Data regarding the type of anomaly, presence of associated anomalies, type of surgery and outcomes were documented. Findings of echocardiography and ultrasonography were also documented. Data was analyzed using SPSS software. Chi square test was used to evaluate the outcome of the surgical procedures for management of TEF.Results: Majority of the participants in our study belong to <1 month of age and were males (56.8%). Type 3 tracheo esophageal fistula (80.7%) was the most common type. Associated cardiovascular anomalies were present in 50% of the participants. Thoracotomy with TEF repair was most preferred surgery (76%). Present study demonstrated that surgical techniques improve the physical and physiological outcome of the patients (p <0.05).Conclusions: Trachea esophageal fistula needs to be corrected with surgical procedure. Modern techniques like thorocoscopic anastomosis, thorocosopic techniques to achieve an anastomosis can also be explored. Future studies may be directed in detecting congenital anomalies during the pre-natal period with the help of genetic techniques.

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