scholarly journals A study to assess the prevalence of iodine deficiency disorders in Betul district, Madhya Pradesh, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 3999
Author(s):  
Sudarshan Kushwah ◽  
Akhil R. Nair ◽  
Jeevan Singh Meena ◽  
Shipra Verma ◽  
Harshima Sawlani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Madhya Pradesh ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Neurological Damage ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Background: Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) constitute the single largest cause of preventable neurological damage worldwide. Majority of consequences of IDD are invisible and irreversible but at the same time these are preventable. The study was conducted to assess the prevalence of goiter in school children aged 6-12 years, to estimate the urinary iodine excretion and to assess the level of iodine concentration in salt samples obtained from households of selected school children.Methods: Population proportionate to size sampling. Sample size was 90 primary school-going children of age 6-12 years in each selected village, total 2700 from 30 villages/wards in Betul district, Madhya Pradesh, India.Results: The prevalence of goiter among the 6-12 years children was found to be 32.06%. Females had higher prevalence compared to males. Of the 540 salt samples, 370 (68.4%) had iodine concentration ≥15 ppm at household level.Conclusions: IDD is a mild public health problem in Betul district.

scholarly journals Urinary iodine and other iodine deficiency indicators in a sample of school-age children in Egypt

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 863-870
Author(s):  
F. A. El Mougi ◽  
S. Abdel Ghaffar ◽  
N. A. F. Fayek ◽  
M. S. Mohammed
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
School Age Children ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Free Triiodothyronine ◽  
Severe Deficiency ◽  
Egyptian Children ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Sufficient data relating urinary iodine excretion in children to other iodine deficiency indicators are lacking in Egypt. We assayed urinary iodine concentration and serum levels of thyroid stimulating hormone [TSH], thyroglobulin, free triiodothyronine [T3] and free tetraiodothyronine in 99 school-aged Egyptian children. Goitre was found in 25 children. Median urinary iodine concentration was 70 micro g/L. We found mild iodine deficiency [50-99 micro g/L] in 60.6% of the children and moderate to severe deficiency [< 50 micro g/L] in 31.3%. The latter showed a high frequency of goitre and elevated mean serum free T3, TSH and thyroglobulin levels. Individual urinary iodine excretion rates vary, therefore these other indicators could help in screening for iodine deficiency at an individual level, especially in moderate to severe deficiency

scholarly journals Iodine intake before and after mandatory iodization in Denmark: results from the Danish Investigation of Iodine Intake and Thyroid Diseases (DanThyr) study

2008 ◽  
Vol 100 (1) ◽  
pp. 166-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lone B. Rasmussen ◽  
Allan Carlé ◽  
Torben Jørgensen ◽  
Nils Knudsen ◽  
Peter Laurberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Urinary Iodine Concentration ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
Study Population

Iodine deficiency is still common in some European countries. In Denmark an iodine fortification programme was introduced in 1998 and a monitoring programme was established prior to iodization. This study reports the change in urinary iodine excretion caused by fortification and investigates determinants of iodine intake after fortification. Iodine excretion in casual urine samples was assessed in 4649 subjects in 1997–8 and in 3570 comparable subjects in 2004–5 in women 18–22, 25–30, 40–45 and 60–65 years of age and in men 60–65 years of age living in Aalborg (western part of Denmark) or Copenhagen (eastern part of Denmark). These areas had moderate and mild iodine deficiency, respectively, before iodine fortification. All subjects filled in a FFQ and a questionnaire regarding lifestyle factors. Iodine excretion, expressed as the estimated 24 h urinary iodine excretion and as urinary iodine concentration, increased significantly in all age and sex groups. However, the iodine intake was still below the recommended in the youngest age groups in both cities and in women 40–45 years of age living in Aalborg. Intake of milk and salt had strong significant direct associations with iodine excretion (P < 0·001). It is concluded that although the median iodine intake in the whole study population is at the recommended level, some groups still have an intake below the recommended. It is important to have a moderate milk intake to obtain a sufficient iodine intake in Denmark.

scholarly journals Iodine deficiency disorders in Europe

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (2b) ◽  
pp. 529-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paolo Vitti ◽  
Teresa Rago ◽  
Fabrizio Aghini-Lombardi ◽  
Aldo Pinchera
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Neurological Deficits ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Iodine Prophylaxis ◽  
Beneficial Impact ◽  
Iodine Excretion

AbstractIodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are related to the degree of iodine deficiency. In european countries, characterized by mild to moderate iodine deficiency, neurological deficits or minor neuropsychological impairments have been described. Urinary iodine excretion (UIE) ranged from 30 to 170 mcg/L, 141 millions of people were at risk of IDD, 97 millions were affected by goiter and 0.9 millions had an impaired mental development.Iodine prophylaxis is devoid of adverse reactions with the exception of sporadic cases of transitory hyperthyroidism, associated to the severity of iodine deficiency before the prophylaxis. The International Council for Control of IDD recommends an universal iodine prophylaxis, instituted gradually in severe iodine deficient countries. The total cost of universal iodine prophylaxis is very cheap compared to the social cost of goiter and cretinism.In conclusion, most european countries are still characterized by mild to moderate iodine deficiency. Iodine prophylaxis programs are already operating, its cost is irrelevant with respect to the undebatable beneficial impact on the health. Adverse effects are not observed except in severe iodine deficient areas where iodine intake was abruptly increased.

scholarly journals Hubungan status pestisida dengan status gangguan akibat kekurangan yodium (GAKY) anak SD pada daerah endemik GAKY Kabupaten Dairi

2008 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 118
Author(s):  
Maryanes Maryanes ◽  
Wiryatun Lestariana ◽  
Untung S Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Gland ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Elementary School Children ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Thyroxin plays important role in the metabolism of carbohydrate, protein and cholesterol, and in the process of growth. Iodine deficiency disorder not only can be caused by lack of iodine substance but also another competition factor, which is a pollutant substance which is goitergenic (pesticide). This goitergenic substance interferes hormonogenesis of thyroid causing enlargement of thyroid gland known as goiter.Objective: This study was aimed at examining the relationship between status of pesticide and status of iodine deficiency disorders (urinary iodine excretion) of elementary school children and the difference between them based on level of their endemic in Dairi District.Methods: This was an observational study using a cross-sectional design. Palpation of thyroid gland was made to determine the level of endemic; concentration of blood cholinesterase was determined using tinto meter kit; urinary iodine excretion was analyzed with the ammonium persulfate digestion method. Data was analyzed with chi square and anova.Results: Chi square test indicated that the relationship between the concentration of blood cholinesterase and urinary iodine excretion was significant (p<0.05) with OR 11.1 and the relationship between concentration of cholinesterase and iodine deficiency disorders (palpation) was not significant (p>0.05) with OR 1.3. Anova test, based on endemic, indicated that there was a significant difference between the concentration of blood cholinesterase and urinary iodine excretion (p<0.05).Conclusion: There was significant relationship between status of pesticide (concentration of blood cholinesterase) and status of iodine deficiency disorder based on urinary iodine excretion and there was no significant relationship between concentration of cholinesterase and iodine deficiency disorders based on the result of palpation. There was a difference in the average status of pesticide and iodine deficiency disorders status among the elementary school children based on their endemic.

Assessment of Iodine Status in Iranian Students Aged 8-10 Years: Monitoring the National Program for the Prevention and Control of Iodine Deficiency Disorders in 2016

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansoureh REZAIE ◽  
Sepideh DOLATI ◽  
Alemeh HARIRI FAR ◽  
Zahra ≈ Zahra ABDOLLAH ◽  
Said SADEGHIAN
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Relative Distribution ◽  
National Program ◽  
Iodine Deficiency Disorders ◽  
Iodine Status ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
And Control

Background: Iodine is a key element in the synthesis of thyroid hormones. The deficiency of the secretion of them will Reduce IQ, disturbance in the psychomotor growth and shortened height. Urinary iodine is a good indicator of iodine intake status. Urinary iodine status in at-risk groups is one of the most important indicators of community status. Methods: All 56 universities/medical faculties in Iran should determine and report median urinary iodine and its relative distribution in school children aged 8 to 10 yr, to determine the status of urine output. The sample size in each university/college is 240 students and the cluster sampling method (48 clusters in each area in 2016) and based on probability Measurement. The amount of urinary iodine was measured quantitatively by acid digestion. Results: The mean urinary iodine excretion was estimated at 18.61 μg/dl. The median urinary iodine concentration in 52 universities was sufficient, and the national mean of urinary iodine excretion rate was 19.3 μg/dl. The iodine status was estimated in the optimal range in 65.6% of the students and in only 4.7% in the range of moderate and severe deficits, based on the urinary iodine index. Conclusion: Iodine is sufficient in most parts of the country. The implementation of the country’s national program for the prevention and control of iodine deficiency disorders has made more important the quality control of the collaborative laboratories of this program than before. Moreover, it is absolutely essential to avoid excessive iodine in order to prevent possible side effects.

Nativer 99mTc-Uptake in der Differentialdiagnostik von unauffälliger Schilddrüse, Struma mit Euthyreose und Schilddrüsenautonomie in einem Jodmangelgebiet

1990 ◽  
Vol 29 (03) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
C. R. Pickardt ◽  
K. Horn ◽  
G. Bechtner ◽  
C. Vaitl ◽  
C. M. Kirsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Inverse Correlation ◽  
Iodine Concentration ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Large Scatter ◽  
Spot Urine ◽  
Iodine Supply ◽  
Iodine Contamination ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
Overt Hyperthyroidism

Global TcTU was determined in 568 patients without any specific thyroid drug intake - 54 with normal thyroid, 274 with goitre and euthyroidism and 240 with thyroid autonomy. 57 patients with autonomy and overt hyperthyroidism were the only group with TcTU values significantly higher than normals. Common to all groups was a large scatter of the TcTU values. In 332, the effects of individual iodine supply were studied by measuring the iodine concentration in spot urine samples. There was a significant inverse correlation between the TcTU values and the urinary iodine excretion in the groups of normal thyroids and of goitres with euthyroidism. In the group with autonomy an effect of iodine supply could only be seen in cases of greatly increased urinary iodine excretion, resulting in very low TcTU values. Out of 20 patients with autonomy and iodine contamination, only 4 showed overt hyperthyroidism. The large scatter of TcTU values in all groups may be explained by the persistent iodine deficiency as well as by the frequent exposure to unknown amounts of iodine in patients with thyroid disease. Therefore, the spontaneous TcTU alone cannot identify a small group of patients with autonomy and high risk of iodine-induced hyperthyroidism, from a very large group of patients with goitre.

Iodized salt prophylaxis of endemic goiter: an experience in Toscana (Italy)

1993 ◽  
Vol 129 (6) ◽  
pp. 497-500 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Aghini-Lombardi ◽  
A Pinchera ◽  
L Antonangeli ◽  
T Rago ◽  
GF Fenzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Endemic Goiter ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Thyroid Volume ◽  
Iodized Salt ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Goiter Prevalence ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Legislative Measures

It is well established that iodine supplementation is effective in correcting iodine deficiency and reducing goiter prevalence. In Italy, legislation has allowed the production of iodized salt since 1972, but its consumption is on a voluntary basis. In the present study, the efficacy of legislative measures that made compulsory the availability of iodized salt in foodstores has been evaluated. Urinary iodine excretion and thyroid size, scored according to Pan American Health Organization recommendations, were determined prior to (1981) and 10 years after (1991) the introduction of legislative measures in the whole schoolchildren population residing in a restricted area of the Tuscan Appennines. Moreover, in 1991, thyroid volume was determined by ultrasonography. In 1981, mean urinary iodine excretion was 47.1±22.4 mg/kg creatinine (0.412 μmol/l) and goiter prevalence was 60%, indicating a moderate iodine deficiency. Eighty of the families subsequently used iodized salt on a regular basis; as a result of this excellent compliance, in 1991 the mean urinary iodine excretion increased to 129.7±73 mg/kg creatinine (1.24 μmol/l) and goiter prevalence dropped to 8.1%. The results of this study underline the effectiveness of iodine prophylaxis in correcting iodine deficiency and abating endemic goiter in schoolchildren, and suggest that implementation of measures that make compulsory the availability of iodized salt in foodstores overcomes the fact that there is no law governing the exclusive production and trading of iodized salt.

Goiter Prevalence and Urinary Iodine Excretion in Schoolchildren of Jordan

2004 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 301-304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kharabsheh ◽  
Belbesi ◽  
Qarqash ◽  
Azizi
Keyword(s):  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Eastern Mediterranean Region ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
Major Health Problem ◽  
Salt Iodization ◽  
Goiter Prevalence ◽  
Iodine Excretion ◽  
Monitoring Survey

Iodine deficiency disorders (IDD) are considered a major health problem in the eastern Mediterranean region. In Jordan, an IDD assessment was performed in 1993 following which, a salt iodization and consumption program was implemented and a monitoring survey performed in 2000. In schoolchildren 8 to 10 years of age (2457 in 1993 and 2601 in 2000) goiter was graded according to WHO classification. Urinary iodine was measured in 10% of the children in 1993 and in all of them in 2000. Percent of iodine consumption in households was assessed by rapid kit test in 2000. Prevalence of goiter was 37.7 and 32.1% and median urinary iodine was 40 and 154 mug/L, in 1993 and 2000, respectively. Before salt iodization, the prevalence of goiter and severity of iodine deficiency was more pronounced in rural regions and in the southern part of Jordan. In 2000, all but one governorate had a median urinary iodine (MUI) of above 100 mug/L. The percentage of urinary iodine levels < 50 mug in two governorates was > 20%. Iodine consumption rate of households was 88.3% throughout the country, but was < 70% in three governorates. It is concluded that moderate and severe IDD existed before 1993 in Jordan. Although the iodized salt program has been successful in optimizing MUI, the program for the control of IDD needs further improvement.

Urinary iodine excretion in Belarus children

1995 ◽  
Vol 133 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-217 ◽  
Author(s):  
TA Mityukova ◽  
LN Astakhova ◽  
LD Asenchyk ◽  
MM Orlov ◽  
L VanMiddlesworth
Keyword(s):  
Thyroid Cancer ◽  
Iodine Deficiency ◽  
Urinary Iodine ◽  
Iodine Intake ◽  
Urine Samples ◽  
Urinary Iodine Excretion ◽  
University Of Tennessee ◽  
Iodine Excretion

Mityukova TA, Astakhova LN, Asenchyk LD, Orlov MM, VanMiddlesworth L. Urinary iodine excretion in Belarus children. Eur J Endocrinol 1995;133:216–7. ISSN 0804–4643. Casual urine samples were collected to determine iodine excretion of 1680 Belarus children during 1990–1994. The subjects, 8–16 years old, were from nine different regions of Belarus; 60% were from the Gomel oblast, which has been associated with relatively high levels of radioiodine fallout and increased incidence of thyroid cancer. Most of the median values indicate borderline/low iodine intake or mild iodine deficiency. Ranges were wide but 163 children excreted < 20 μgI/l urine and they should be considered severely deficient in iodine. L VanMiddlesworth, Dept. of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Tennessee, 894 Union Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA

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