scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding various tobacco products and their effects on health and COTPA act among ≥15 years age group persons in urban field practice area of a medical college in Telangana

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2180
Author(s):  
Jyothi Veleshala ◽  
Varun Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Supply And Distribution ◽  
Almost All

Background: Tobacco use is a major public health problem. The prevalence of tobacco use among men has been reported to be high (generally exceeding 50%) from almost all parts of India. “The Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products (Prohibition of Advertisement and Regulation of Trade and Commerce, Production, Supply, and Distribution) Act 2003”, which came into effect since 1st May 2004. Information on knowledge, attitudes, and practices of population regarding COTPA is necessary to effectively implement the legislation. Hence the present study was undertaken.Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional community-based survey carried out in urban slums of Nalgonda town. Data was collected using a structured schedule by interviewing 300 participants, aged above 15 years.Results: The current use of any tobacco was reported by 45.7% of the participants. Overall awareness of COTPA was 58.2%. Marital status, type of family, unemployment, Illiterates, lower SES, and age had a significant influence on tobacco use. Television (77.05%) was the major source of awareness regarding COTPA. The majority of smokers were aware of various sections of COTPA (>50%). About 34.8% of the participants had a favorable attitude towards COTPA. The positive attitude was more (53.7%) towards the display of health warnings on tobacco products among smokers. 11.2% had paid penalty for violation of the act and 32.4% have noticed a reduction in their habit to some extent.Conclusions: A concerted effort has to be made to increase the awareness of the act amongst the vulnerable population.

scholarly journals Factors determining the knowledge related to tuberculosis in a rural community, a community based cross sectional study

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 294
Author(s):  
C. Rajan Rushender ◽  
G. Dinesh Kumar ◽  
M. Logaraj
Keyword(s):  
Adult Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Final Analysis ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Study Population

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major public health problem. It is reported that, globally, about 9 million people developed tuberculosis and about 1.5 million people died due to tuberculosis across the globe in 2013.Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted in the Rural Health Training Center, SRM Medical College to assess knowledge and practice regarding tuberculosis using a pretested Interview schedule. Adult population, who are residing in the field practice area were considered as study population. The study period was between August 2013 to February 2014.Results: A total of 246 study subjects were included in the final analysis with the majority of the participants to be between 21 to 40 years (39.40%). Cough and expectoration as symptom of TB was known to 82.5% of study subjects. Only 22.8% of the study subjects are aware of at least one extra pulmonary for of tuberculosis. The proportion of subjects with good overall knowledge about TB was highest in subjects aged 61 and above, lowest in 41 to 60-year age group. The proportion of subjects with good knowledge had gradually increased with increasing socio economic status.Conclusions: Culture specific IEC interventions and their delivery mechanisms need to be designed, considering the highly heterogeneous nature of population in India. 

ASSESSMENT OF GLAUCOMAAWARENESS AMONG PEOPLE ATTENDING HEALTHCARE REFERRAL CENTRE

2021 ◽  
pp. 38-40
Author(s):  
Bhumika N Shah ◽  
Romil N Patel ◽  
Kunal G Patel
Keyword(s):  
Vision Loss ◽  
Study Participant ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
World Community ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Irreversible Nature

Background: Glaucoma is a major public health problem in the India as well as world. Community based surveys reported that only 10% to 50% of people with glaucoma are aware about they have disease. Aim & Objective:The aim of this study to evaluate awareness about different aspect of glaucoma including symptoms, treatment. Methodology: This cross-sectional analytical study was done among people attending the Ophthalmology Out Patient Department at GMERS Medical College and Hospital Gandhinagar. Total 350 students were included in the study. Astructured interview with xed approach was used to collect data. The order of the questions was specied. Questionnaire has been validated by subject experts. Results: Mean age was 38.3 ± 13.8 years. Majority of the study participant were male (60.9%), literate (83.7%) and belonged to class III and above SE class (52.2%). Only 36.0% participants heard about glaucoma. Asymptomatic glaucoma and irreversible nature vision loss was known to 14.2% and 8.8% of participants. Awareness about glaucoma was signicantly low in participants of 21 to 60 year age group, education below secondary, SE class 4 & 5 and laborer. Conclusion:Awareness of glaucoma is very poor in persons attending GMERS medical college, Gandhinagar. There is need for community-based health education programmes to increase the level of awareness and knowledge about glaucoma

scholarly journals Prevalence of anaemia and its associated factors among adolescent girls: a community based study

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. 3559
Author(s):  
Vasundara S. Gayakwad ◽  
Gowri Shankar
Keyword(s):  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Nutritional Problem ◽  
Field Practice

Background: Anemia is a major nutritional problem in adolescent girls in many developing countries. Anaemia prior to pregnancy is likely to affect fetal health and survival and therefore it is necessary to evaluate the nutritional needs in this vulnerable group. To know the prevalence of anaemia and its associated factors among adolescent girls residing in the urban field practice area of S. Nijalingappa Medical College, Bagalkot.Methods: A community based cross sectional study. A field practice areas of the urban health training centers, Department of Community Medicine, S. Nijalingappa Medical College in Bagalkot. 400 unmarried adolescent girls were participants. Systematic random sampling. Data was tabulated in Microsoft Excel 2010 and analyzed by using Open Epi software.  Data was collected through predesigned, semi-structured questionnaire through house to house visits. Haemoglobin estimation was done by Sahli’s method and anaemia was classified based on WHO criteria.Results: The prevalence of anaemia was 63.3%. Factors associated with anemia were age, mother’s literacy, SES, type of family, environmental sanitation and tea consumption.Conclusions: Prevalence of anaemia is high and is a major public health problem in this area. Health education and periodical haemoglobin estimation followed by supplementation of iron would help in reduction and prevention of anaemia. 

scholarly journals Factors Affecting Use of Tobacco among Higher Secondary Students of Kalimati, Kathmandu

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 381-387
Author(s):  
Mamata Pradhan ◽  
Basanti Pokharel ◽  
Anisha Khadgi
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Students ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Nuclear Family ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Tobacco Product ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
School Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Strength Of Association

Background: Tobacco product are products made entirely or partly of leaf tobacco as raw material, which are intended to be smoked, sucked, chewed, or snuffed. Tobacco use, among the adolescents is a growing public health problem the world has ever faced. More than 7 million deaths occur from tobacco use every day. Literature has shown that the prevalence of the tobacco uses was high among adolescents. Methodology: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was used.150 respondents were taken as sample size. Probability sampling technique and self- administered questionnaire modified from GYTS, Version 2011 was used as a research instruments. Analysis was done using SPSSversion 16. Findings: The study revealed that maximum 57.3% were male, majority 71.3% were from nuclear family, more than fifty 62.7% respondent's family uses tobacco products and majority75.8% tobacco is used by the respondent’s father. Majority 73.3% uses the hookah, more than half 64% gets tobacco from shop, and almost half 46.7% initiated tobacco product as experiment/curiosity and majority 74.7% uses in café. There is statically association found on frequency of tobacco used by the respondents with sex, residence of the respondent, time spend by the parents and initiated age of the tobacco. Greater strength of association on sex and initiated age of the tobacco use where lower strength of association on residence of the respondents and time spend by family. Conclusion: About 15-20% of each higher secondary school students involve on the use of tobacco products. Gender, living place, time spend by the parents, initiated age of tobacco use, increase café cultural, easy availability and accessibility were the common factors for the use of tobacco among higher secondary students. So buying and selling tobacco products everywhere must be prohibited and adolescents should be restricted to use tobacco products in café or public places. Key words: Tobacco, Higher Secondary Students, Factors.

scholarly journals Epidemiology of injuries and its impact among elderly: a descriptive community based cross-sectional study from central rural India

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 4485
Author(s):  
Shriram V. Gosavi ◽  
Anil R. Koparkar ◽  
Supriya A. Giri ◽  
Komal D. More
Keyword(s):  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Health Centre ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Central India ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: This study was to enlighten the prevalence, different types & impact of injuries in elderly population in rural area of middle income country (India).Methods: It was a community based descriptive cross-sectional study, conducted in all 24 villages under one Primary Health Centre of central India. The study was carried out from June 2009 to May 2011.Results: In the present study, prevalence of injury was 17.1%, which was highest among elderly ageing 65-69 years (36.8%) followed by elderly ageing 60-64 years (27.4%). Prevalence of injury was higher (20%) among males as compared to females (14%). Association of age, gender and injury was not statistically significant. Fall was the most common cause (34.7%) of injury followed by occupational (34.0%) and road traffic accidents (15.8%). Superficial injuries were the most common (32.6%) type of injuries followed by fracture (27.3%). Hospital admission required by 24.2% of elderly. We found 34.7% elderly was physically impaired and 26.3% physically disabled due to various injuries.Conclusions: In the present study we found injuries pose a major public health problem in elderly. Therefore there is a need of community based assessment on impact of injury among elderly in various parts of country to formulate appropriate health initiatives for prevention and optimum treatment of injuries in elderly.

scholarly journals A study on awareness on tuberculosis among urban slum population of Hyderabad

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 4941
Author(s):  
Sai Ram A. ◽  
Rama Krishna M. N. ◽  
Sunil Pal Singh C.
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Signs And Symptoms ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Slum Dwellers ◽  
Inappropriate Treatment ◽  
Data Compilation

Background: Tuberculosis a major public health problem in India with highest burden of cases. India accounts for about 24% of global prevalence, 23% of the global incidence cases and 21% of global TB deaths. Irregular and inappropriate treatment of persons with active TB, unawareness about TB symptoms and treatment course, illiteracy, may be the major hurdles for TB eradication.Methods: A cross sectional, community based study was conducted in urban slum dwellers (n=153). Data compilation and analysis: All the data collected was entered and analyzed with MS excel software 2007 and Epi info 3.5.3. All tests were considered significant at p<0.05 level.Results: 18.3% told that cough+expectoration+evening rise of temperature+weight loss are the signs and symptoms of TB. 55.5% know that it spreads through cough and sneezing mixed with air. 23.5% knows blood examination, sputum examination, x-ray is the mode of diagnosis of TB.Conclusions: Literacy plays major role in creating awareness on TB.

scholarly journals Renal Function Evaluation of Hypertensive Patients by Renogram in a Teaching Hospital

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-14
Author(s):  
Jayanta Kumar Saha ◽  
ARM Saifuddin Ekram ◽  
Mohammed Shahadat Hossain ◽  
ATM Ataur Rahman ◽  
Prodip Kumar Biswas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Renal Involvement ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Function Evaluation ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Medical College

Arterial Hypertension is the most common cardiovascular disease and is a major public health problem in both developed and developing countries. The aim of the study was to assess renal involvement in hypertensive patient by renogram, which is not detected by conventional biochemical test. This was a cross sectional observational study. Consecutive 30 hypertensive patients admitted in the medicine wards from March, 2006 to April, 2007 in Rajshahi Medical College Hospital, Bangladesh were taken as case. Informed consent was taken from all the study patients or from their attendants. Detail history was taken from each patient or from their attendants' then clinical examination and relevant investigations were done. Emphasis was laid to find out renal involvement in long standing hypertensive patients by renogram. After initial selection; laboratory investigations like Urine for R/M/E, Blood Sugar 2ABF, S. Creatinine, USG of KUB, ECG and Hb% were done for every patients. All patients included in this study renogram were done. Majority of the patient (40%) were between the age of 41-50 years and Male: Female ratio was 3:2. Most of the patient lead a moderately active life (66.67%). Serum Creatinine was raised in 23.33% patient whereas renal parenchymal insufficiency evidenced by renogram was found in 50% case. In this study, we found that a significant number of cases (26.67%) having renal parenchymal insufficiency were not detected by S. Creatinine level, but detected by renogram. Renogram is superior to conventional biochemical renal function test for early detection of hypertensive nephropathy.Faridpur Med. Coll. J. Jan 2016;11(1): 11-14

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of tobacco use in a remote rural area of South India: a community based cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3499
Author(s):  
Gunasekaran Vinothkumar ◽  
Ganesan Girija ◽  
Mani Manikandan ◽  
Antony Vincent ◽  
Ariarathinam Newtonraj
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Tobacco User ◽  
Lower Caste ◽  
Remote Rural Area

Background: Tobacco use is a major public health problem in India. We intended to study the tobacco use and its risk factors from a rural area of South India.Methods: This study was conducted in 2018, among twenty villages located around a rural health training centre, in South India.Results: Total population surveyed was 14925. Among them 11995 individuals were in the age group of 15 years and above. In this group 739, 6% (5.7-6.6) of tobacco users, 423, 3.5% (3.2-3.9) of smokers and 369, 3% (2.8-3.4) of tobacco chewers were included in the study. Individuals belonging to lower caste were four to five times more likely to be a tobacco user. Tobacco use increases with age. Illiterates were 1.8 times more likely to be a tobacco user, married and Widows were two times more likely to be a tobacco user. Alcoholics were 13 times and hypertensive patients were 1.5 times, non-vegetarians were 1.4 times, individual preferring open defecation were 1.7 times more likely to be a tobacco user. Smoking was more associated with male gender, lower caste, increase in age, married individuals, alcoholics, hypertension and having semi-pucca house. Tobacco chewing was more associated with female, lower caste, increase in age illiteracy, married and widow, alcoholic, hypertension, non-vegetarian diet, open defecation, having kutcha or semi-pucca house.Conclusions: Tobacco use in a remote rural area is high among the socially deprived community who are illiterate, belonging to lower caste and those who prefer open defecation.

scholarly journals Level of awareness, knowledge, and attitudes toward epilepsy among students at king Khalid university, Saudi Arabia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 763-771
Author(s):  
Walaa Badawy Mohamed Badawy
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Epileptic Seizures ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Knowledge And Attitudes ◽  
Almost All

purpose: Epilepsy is a major public health problem worldwide. The aim of this study was to explore the level of awareness, knowledge regarding epilepsy and attitudes prevalent toward epilepsy among king Khalid university students. Methods: The descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted with the voluntary participation of 227 participants from students at King Khalid University. The mean age of participating was (20.10 ± 1.3). Theoretical and practical colleges used questionnaires to assess students' knowledge about epilepsy and their attitudes towards it. Results: A total of 227 respondents completed the survey; the results showed almost all had heard about epilepsy. Only 83.7% have never had any information on how to treat a patient with epilepsy. 80.6% think non-medical treatment is beneficial for epilepsy %13.2% do not know how to do first aid to deal with epileptic seizures. Almost 32.6% did not know the cause of epilepsy, 59% believed that it was a hereditary disorder 44.1% believed epilepsy is a form of mental illness, 57.3% believed that epilepsy patients die because of epileptic seizures. 59% believed that it was a hereditary disorder 44.1% believed epilepsy is a form of mental illness, 11% of participants thought that epilepsy is caused by evil spirits, 57.3% believed that epilepsy patients die because of epileptic seizures. There were also many students who held negative attitudes towards patients with epilepsy in regard to major life milestones such as marriage and having children. 16.7% indicated that it presents an impediment in participation in sports, approximately 6.2% objected to marrying someone with epilepsy, Moreover 11.5% thought they should not have children and, the study showed 46,3% would not allow their child to play with a child with epilepsy. Moreover 14.5 afraid to live with someone with epilepsy. the study showed 6,6 % objected accept working with a patient with epilepsy. Conclusions: The level of awareness, knowledge, and attitudes of students at King Khalid toward epilepsy were acceptable regarding this study. However, the negative attitudes and misconceptions still exist. Further studies are needed to determine methods of overcoming these negative attitudes and misconceptions toward epilepsy.

scholarly journals A study on malaria cases in hilly areas and Terai belt of Nepal

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
KRN Singh ◽  
Ram Bilakshan Sah ◽  
PK Pokharel
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodium Vivax ◽  
College Teaching ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Peripheral Blood Smear ◽  
Vivax Infection ◽  
Research Center ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hilly Area ◽  
Medical College

Introduction: Malaria is a well-known disease and it continues to be a major public health problem at the start of new millennium. The problem is persistent not only amongst the city dwellers but also amongst the rural population.Objective: To identify the magnitude of malaria cases and to compare the malaria cases between hilly area and Terai belts.Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out in Terai belt of Morang District Nepal at Nobel Medical College & Research Center Biratnagar from March to Oct 2007 and hilly area around Lumbini Medical College Teaching Hospital & Research Center Pravas, Tansen, Palpa of Nepal between March to December 2008. Blood samples were collected from all the cases and malaria parasites were examined by Peripheral Blood Smear Examination and Rapid Card Method Screening.Results: Thirty-five cases were malaria positive from hilly area of whom 80% had Plasmodium vivax infection. Whereas in Terai belt 231 positive cases ware recorded. Out of them (62.8%) cases were affected by Plasmodium vivax infection. That most vulnerable age group was 15 years and above. Males were more affected than females.Conclusion: It was observed that in hilly areas the numbers of positive cases are less than the Terai belt. The magnitude of malaria cases are found high in July. A steady decline has been observed till September to October Health Renaissance 2015;13 (1): 4-12

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