scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of tobacco use in a remote rural area of South India: a community based cross sectional study

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. 3499
Author(s):  
Gunasekaran Vinothkumar ◽  
Ganesan Girija ◽  
Mani Manikandan ◽  
Antony Vincent ◽  
Ariarathinam Newtonraj
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Open Defecation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Tobacco User ◽  
Lower Caste ◽  
Remote Rural Area

Background: Tobacco use is a major public health problem in India. We intended to study the tobacco use and its risk factors from a rural area of South India.Methods: This study was conducted in 2018, among twenty villages located around a rural health training centre, in South India.Results: Total population surveyed was 14925. Among them 11995 individuals were in the age group of 15 years and above. In this group 739, 6% (5.7-6.6) of tobacco users, 423, 3.5% (3.2-3.9) of smokers and 369, 3% (2.8-3.4) of tobacco chewers were included in the study. Individuals belonging to lower caste were four to five times more likely to be a tobacco user. Tobacco use increases with age. Illiterates were 1.8 times more likely to be a tobacco user, married and Widows were two times more likely to be a tobacco user. Alcoholics were 13 times and hypertensive patients were 1.5 times, non-vegetarians were 1.4 times, individual preferring open defecation were 1.7 times more likely to be a tobacco user. Smoking was more associated with male gender, lower caste, increase in age, married individuals, alcoholics, hypertension and having semi-pucca house. Tobacco chewing was more associated with female, lower caste, increase in age illiteracy, married and widow, alcoholic, hypertension, non-vegetarian diet, open defecation, having kutcha or semi-pucca house.Conclusions: Tobacco use in a remote rural area is high among the socially deprived community who are illiterate, belonging to lower caste and those who prefer open defecation.

scholarly journals A study on mosquito density in rural Kerala before and after floods

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 659
Author(s):  
V. T. Krishnadas Menon ◽  
Jerry Rachel ◽  
C. R. Saju ◽  
M. Mohamed Rafi ◽  
Vidhu M. Joshy
Keyword(s):  
Disease Outbreaks ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Mosquito Density ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Initial Survey ◽  
Rural Training

Background: Mosquito borne diseases are a major public health problem in Kerala. Mosquito density assessed by larval surveys is easier and quicker to perform. The larval indices are an important practical predictor of outbreaks of mosquito borne disease and are valuable in taking preventive measures. This study is done to calculate standardized larval indices namely house index, container index and Breteau index and to identify the major breeding sources of mosquitoes in the residential environment in a rural of Thrissur, Kerala.Methods: A cross-sectional study selecting 80 houses from 1 wards of Konnikara village under Thrikkur Panchayath under the field practice area of rural training centre, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences Thrissur. Every water holding container indoors and outdoors was counted and searched for larval presence and noted on a pretested format.Results: In this study, 80 houses were surveyed in 2 days initially in June and in September. All the entomological indices were found to be above the critical level in the initial survey in June. House index=36% container index=44%; Breteau index=143% showing high chances for outbreaks of mosquito borne diseases. In September though the indices were very low house index 1.25% container index 2.77% and Breteau index.Conclusions: The area is prone for mosquito borne disease outbreaks like dengue fever and after interventions the vector indices and potential risks came down.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding various tobacco products and their effects on health and COTPA act among ≥15 years age group persons in urban field practice area of a medical college in Telangana

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 2180
Author(s):  
Jyothi Veleshala ◽  
Varun Malhotra
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Community Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Supply And Distribution ◽  
Almost All

Background: Tobacco use is a major public health problem. The prevalence of tobacco use among men has been reported to be high (generally exceeding 50%) from almost all parts of India. “The Cigarettes and Other Tobacco Products (Prohibition of Advertisement and Regulation of Trade and Commerce, Production, Supply, and Distribution) Act 2003”, which came into effect since 1st May 2004. Information on knowledge, attitudes, and practices of population regarding COTPA is necessary to effectively implement the legislation. Hence the present study was undertaken.Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional community-based survey carried out in urban slums of Nalgonda town. Data was collected using a structured schedule by interviewing 300 participants, aged above 15 years.Results: The current use of any tobacco was reported by 45.7% of the participants. Overall awareness of COTPA was 58.2%. Marital status, type of family, unemployment, Illiterates, lower SES, and age had a significant influence on tobacco use. Television (77.05%) was the major source of awareness regarding COTPA. The majority of smokers were aware of various sections of COTPA (>50%). About 34.8% of the participants had a favorable attitude towards COTPA. The positive attitude was more (53.7%) towards the display of health warnings on tobacco products among smokers. 11.2% had paid penalty for violation of the act and 32.4% have noticed a reduction in their habit to some extent.Conclusions: A concerted effort has to be made to increase the awareness of the act amongst the vulnerable population.

scholarly journals Gangguan Kepadatan Tulang pada Orang Dewasa di Daerah Urban dan Rural

2014 ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Sarah Mardiyah ◽  
Ratu Ayu Dewi Sartika
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin D ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Related Factor ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adult Bone

Gangguan kepadatan tulang atau osteoporosis dan osteopenia merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat utama yang disebabkan oleh banyak faktor. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui berbagai faktor yang berhubungan dengan gangguan kepadatan tulang pada kelompok usia dewasa di daerah urban dan rural terpilih di Provinsi Jawa Barat tahun 2012. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah potong lintang dengan sampel 142 responden. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Mei - Juni 2012 di Pesona Khayangan, Kecamatan Sukmajaya, Kota Depok, sebagai daerah urban dan Desa Pabuaran, Kecamatan Gunung Sindur, Kabupaten Bogor sebagai daerah rural. Prevalensi gangguan kepadatan tulang dalam penelitian ini adalah sekitar 31,7% (4,2% osteoporosis dan 27,5% osteopenia). Analisis multivariat menemukan responden yang mempunyai indeks massa tubuh (IMT) < 23,49 kg/m2 berisiko mengalami gangguan kepadatan tulang 5,5 kali lebih tinggi daripada responden dengan IMT > 27,36 kg/m2. Responden yang mempunyai IMT 23,49 _ 27,36 kg/m2 berisiko mengalami gangguan kepadatan tulang 2,2 kali lebih tinggi daripada responden yang mempunyai IMT > 27,36 kg/m2 setelah dikontrol variabel usia, asupan vitamin D, dan asupan protein. Pada penelitian ini, IMT merupakan faktor yang paling berhubungan dengan gangguan kepadatan tulang setelah dikontrol variabel usia, asupan vitamin D, dan asupan protein. Semakin rendah IMT,maka semakin tinggi risiko gangguan kepadatan tulang.Bone density disorder (osteoporosis and osteopenia) is a major public health problem caused by multifactor. The purpose of this study was to find out factors related to adult bone density disorder in the selected urban and rural area, West Java Province, 2012. It used cross-sectional method and the samples were 142 respondents. The data was taken from 2012 May to June in Pesona Khayangan, Kecamatan Sukmajaya, Kota Depok as the urban area and Desa Pabuaran, Kecamatan Gunung Sindur, Kabupaten Bogor as the rural area. Prevalence of bone density disorder in this study was 31.7% (4.2% osteoporosis and 27.5% osteopenia). Multivariate analysis verified that respondent with body mass index (BMI) < 23.49 kg/m2 will 5.5 times higher to have bone density disorder than respondent with BMI > 27.36 kg/m2. Respondent with BMI 23.49 _ 27.36 kg/m2 will 2.2 times higher to have bone density disorder than respondent with BMI > 27.36 kg/m2 after controlled by age, vitamin D and protein intake variable. In this study, BMI is the most related factor of bone density disorder after controlled by age, vitamin D and protein intake variable. The lower BMI, the higher risk of bone density disorder.      

scholarly journals Assessment of risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus among rural population in Karnataka by using Indian diabetes risk score

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 1056 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radha Ramaiah ◽  
Srividya Jayarama
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Risk Score ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Diabetes Risk ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Diabetes Risk Score

Background: Diabetes has emerged not only as a major public health problem, but also as a global societal catastrophe. Governments worldwide are struggling to meet the cost of the diabetic care. The proportion of people with diabetes is rapidly increasing in many countries, with the documented increase in low and middle income countries. With this background a study was planned with the objective of assessing the risk of diabetes among adults in a rural area using a simple diagnostic tool. Methods: A community based, cross-sectional study was done among 485 adults aged 20 years and above residing in a rural area of Karnataka. Data collection was done by household survey by direct interview using a pretested, structured questionnaire. The questionnaire had 2 parts with part one of socio-demographic variables and part two made up of Indian diabetes risk score (IDRS) questionnaire. IDRS was developed by Mohan et al and its parameters comprise of 2 modifiable (waist circumference, physical activity) and 2 non-modifiable risk factors (age, family history) for diabetes. Analysis was done with open Epi and Microsoft excel. Results: In the present study, according to IDRS, 14.84% of the study subjects had high risk of diabetes, 73.19% had moderate risk and 11.95% had no/low risk of diabetes. Conclusions: The risk of diabetes among adults is on rise in rural areas. Physical activity likes regular exercises, diet and lifestyle modification are some of the interventions that can reduce the risk of diabetes.

scholarly journals Childhood Injury Pattern During Covid 19 Pandemic: A Population - based Study in Rural Area in Basrah City (Iraq)

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 959-967
Author(s):  
Amall Y. AL-Mulla
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Urgent Care ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Childhood Injuries

Background: Children injuries are a major public health problem globally and considered as an important social health issue that needs an urgent care and action, regards as a health consideration in the whole world, influencing both developed and developing countries. The increased exposure to potentially hazardous home environments and activities caused by stay-at-home orders and closures of schools due to COVID-19 pandemic may be responsible for a new spate of injuries among children in 2020. method: population based cross sectional study done in rural area (Al-Jazeera/Shatt Al-Arab). This cross sectional study involved households with at least one child in age group of less than 18 years, in rural area in Basra city (2020). Objectives: To determine the magnitude of childhood injuries during COVID-19 pandemic in terms of incidence, to determine nature and causes of injuries and factors that may affect the incidence of childhood injuries that is associated with quarantine and homestay for long periods during pandemic. A total of 652 children under 18 years of age (according to the definition of WHO) were included in the study, 109 children had injuries during the pandemic year (2020). Result: The incidence rate of injury in the area was 167.1/ 1000 children, males show higher incidence rate of injury rather than females. the effect of child sex, mother education and age on the incidence of injury were highly significant, while age of child and birth order were not significant. Soft tissue injuries and burns were the leading causes of injuries in our household study. General improvement and modification of sociocultural environment are recommended, children and adolescent education about safety and necessary precaution. establishing of injury surveillance system is important for preventing and control of injuries Governments and healthcare authorities should proactively implement appropriate intervention programs and better resources to prevent these home injuries during lockdown.

EPR19-068: Association of Oral Premalignant Lesions with the Consumption of Tobacco

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3.5) ◽  
pp. EPR19-068
Author(s):  
Chinmay T. Jani ◽  
Arpita Joshi ◽  
Khushboo Jain ◽  
D. V. Bala
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Oral Submucous Fibrosis ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Premalignant Lesions ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Industrial Workers ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

Introduction: Tobacco use is a major public health problem globally. According to the WHO, tobacco is the second most important cause of death in the world. Tobacco is used in different forms: smoke and smokeless. In India, people also consume beetle nut along with tobacco, causing more harmful effects. The present study was done to determine prevalence of tobacco use in industrial workers and associate it with the prevalence of oral premalignant lesions. Methodology: A cross-sectional observational study of 909 industrial workers working in 4 industries was undertaken from March 2014 to October 2014. Cases who had consumed tobacco in either form for over a year were included. Sociodemographic history and the history of current and past tobacco consumption were recorded. The oral cavity was examined for premalignancy. Results: Of 909 subjects, 537 (59.1%) had a history of consuming tobacco; of which, 360 (39.6%) were consumers of smokeless tobacco (SLT) and 141 (15.5%) were smokers. Oral premalignant lesions were present in around 52% of the study population that was exposed to tobacco, amongst which tobacco quid lesion was the most common (10.9%) followed by oral submucous fibrosis (9.8%). OSMF was seen more in beetle nut chewers. The odds of developing an oral premalignant lesion as a result of exposure to tobacco are 43.62 times more than the odds of acquiring a lesion without exposure. Conclusion: Tobacco consumption in any form is hazardous and causes various kinds of oral premalignant lesions. Beetle nut exposure causes more harmful effect which goes unnoticed. Awareness should be created about various lesions caused by tobacco as well as beetle nut and special steps should be taken for early diagnosis and its treatment.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study of predictors of hypertension among tribal women in Western Maharashtra

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 4365
Author(s):  
Shalini Rawat ◽  
Ashwini Yadav ◽  
Kamaxi Bhate
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Centre

Background: Hypertension is a major public health problem and also major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. The prevalence and severity of hypertension increases with age, and it becomes difficult to control blood pressure with increasing age particularly in women. Thus present study aims to explores the risk factors contributing for hypertension among women.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the field practice area of Rural Health Training Centre of Community Medicine Department for one month duration September to October 2017. All the women reporting to general OPD for routine visit to RHTC were included. Informed consent was obtained. The participants who were already known hypertensives and were already on medication were excluded. Total 200 subjects were included in the study. Percentages, chi-square test and P-value were calculated using Epi Info software.Results: Out of total 200 women maximum were in the age group of 40-60 years (64%) followed by (22.5%)in  60-70 years. 40% of women were found to be  normotensive, 16%  were in stage one 12% were in stage two and 32% were showing elevated blood pressure. Hypertension was found to be significantly associated with modifiable risk factors like BMI, physical activity, waist circumference. 66.66% of women who were obese were found to be hypertensive. 91.91% of women who had family history of hypertension were themselves hypertensive and 97 (48.5%) women who had diabetes out of them 82.47% were both diabetic as well as hypertensive.Conclusions: Screening, detection and treatment of NCDs, are key components of the response to non-communicable diseases.

scholarly journals Depression and its associated factors among geriatric population in rural area of south Bihar

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1415
Author(s):  
Animesh Gupta ◽  
Ayushi Sinha ◽  
Bapi Sutradhar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Short Form ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Medical Illness ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Geriatric Population ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Government

Background: Depression among elderly has been recognized as one of the major health problems worldwide. However, important life changes that happen as we get older may cause feelings of uneasiness, stress, and sadness.Methods: Community based cross sectional study was conducted among geriatric people (aged above 60 years) residing at rural area of south Bihar. The information regarding sociodemographic characteristics, dietary habits, current working status, any morbid condition and source of income were collected. The level of depression was assessed by using geriatric depression scale short form (GDS SF)-15.Results: The prevalence of depression was 54.6%. Depression was strongly associated with female gender, single status of participants, financial dependent on others and medical illness, which was statistically significant.Conclusions: Depression in geriatric people became a major public health problem in urban as well as rural population. So, there is an urgent need for feasible intervention for geriatric population by the government and health care professional to improve their quality of life and to strengthen the systems for their support.

scholarly journals Knowledge and attitude regarding tuberculosis in a rural area of eastern Maharashtra: an implication for advocacy and communication strategy planning in the national program

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 1485
Author(s):  
Umakant G. Shidam ◽  
Manoj R. Talapalliwar ◽  
Subhash B. Thakre
Keyword(s):  
Rural Area ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Modern Medicine ◽  
Communication Strategy ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Seeking ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Knowledge And Attitude

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is a major public health problem in India. Adequate and timely knowledge about tuberculosis is associated with positive attitude towards tuberculosis, which can improve both health seeking behavior and adherence to treatment. The study was planned with the objective of determining the Knowledge and Attitude regarding tuberculosis among rural population of eastern Maharashtra, India.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was carried in rural area of eastern Maharashtra using a semi structured, pretested interview schedule. A total 225 adult population aged 18 years and above, who are residing in the field practice area were selected from sampled households using systematic random sampling. Data collection was done by house-to-house survey.Results: Out of 225 respondents, 220 (97.8%) had heard about TB. Cough as a major symptom of TB was known to 80.5% of study subjects. Among the subjects surveyed, 84.5% of respondents were aware of the mode of transmission of TB from one person to another. More than half of respondents were aware of sputum examination as a diagnostic investigation. Three fourth of the subjects reported that TB could be treated by modern medicine. However only 22.2% of them were known to BCG immunization as means of prevention for tuberculosis. Tendency to discriminate TB patients was evident as 53% respondents opined to isolate TB patients from the family and 37.7% opined to avoid sharing food with these patients.Conclusions: Although the study revealed adequate knowledge about nearly every aspect of tuberculosis; there are few myths about causes, symptoms, transmission, and TB prevention. There is a great need to improve awareness in illiterate individuals and females.

scholarly journals The Knowledge, Attitude and Practices on Mosquito Borne Diseases among People in a Rural Area in Thrissur

2020 ◽  
Vol 52 (04) ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
Soorya S ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Health ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Monsoon Period ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Training Centre ◽  
Mosquito Nets ◽  
Major Outbreak

Background: Mosquito borne diseases cause major public health problem in Kerala which causes major outbreak during post monsoon period. Objective: To assess the knowledge attitude and practice on mosquito borne diseases among people in a rural health and training centre in Thrissur. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out from the month of January to May 2019 in the field practice area of rural health training centre, Amala Institute of Medical Sciences, Thrissur. 300 houses were selected for the study by systematic random sampling and semi structured questionnaire was filled by an adult member of the family. Data was analysed in Microsoft Excel 2010 and SPSS version 21. Result: All the 274 respondents in the study were aware that mosquito borne diseases are a serious problem.90.9% knew dengue as a mosquito borne disease but only 2.6% are aware that mosquito bite in day time, only 3.2% knew that filaria is transmitted by mosquito. Majority believe that mosquito breeds in drains. Most of the respondents use mosquito nets for personal protection against mosquito. Health education serve as the main source of information for majority of participants. Conclusion: The study shows good knowledge, positive attitude and practices on mosquito borne diseases.

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