scholarly journals A cross sectional study to determine the sociodemographic profile and study prevalence of chronic noncommunicable diseases in an urban slum of Mumbai

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 5383
Author(s):  
Priyanka D. Chate ◽  
Ashirwad K. Nagpurkar ◽  
Sophia Fernandes ◽  
Anita G. Shenoy ◽  
Vidula Patil
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Development ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Undergraduate Medical Students ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Slum Areas

Background: Mumbai is the economic capital of India. According to 2011 census, 41.84% of total population of Mumbai city resides in slum areas; chronic noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) are the major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide especially in developing countries where it has a huge impact on socioeconomic dynamics of the country and quality of life of its people.Methods: This was a retrospective cross sectional community level study based on family assessment survey records filled by undergraduate medical students as a part of their curriculum. The survey was conducted over the period of 1 years from August 2017 to July 2018 on 300 families residing in 3 slums in the field practice area of Cooper Hospital in Mumbai.Results: The total population was 1533, 720 were female and 813 were male. 417out of 1533 individuals were known cases of chronic noncommunicable diseases and were on treatment for the same, thus prevalence of chronic noncommunicable disease was 27.20%. There was significant association between age and prevalence of chronic noncommunicable disease (p<0.05) in the given population.Conclusions: The slum areas will continue to expand along with economic and industrial development. Growing number of slums constitute a major challenge to development of the community. The result emphasizes the need to implement measures to improve sanitation and hygiene of slums along with improvement of health coverage in these areas for early detection and treatment of NCDs.

scholarly journals Noncommunicable Disease Service Utilization among Expatriate Patients in Thailand: An Analysis of Hospital Service Data, 2014–2018

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (18) ◽  
pp. 9721
Author(s):  
Anon Khunakorncharatphong ◽  
Nareerut Pudpong ◽  
Rapeepong Suphanchaimat ◽  
Sataporn Julchoo ◽  
Mathudara Phaiyarom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Service Utilization ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
P Value ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional

Global morbidity associated with noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) has increased over the years. In Thailand, NCDs are among the most prevalent of all health problems, and affect both Thai citizens and non-Thai residents, such as expatriates. Key barriers to NCD health service utilization among expatriates include cultural and language differences. This study aimed to describe the situation and factors associated with NCD service utilizations among expatriate patients in Thailand. We employed a cross-sectional study design and used the service records of public hospitals from the Ministry of Public Health (MOPH) during the fiscal years 2014–2018. The focus of this study was on expatriates or those who had stayed in Thailand for at least three months. The results showed that, after 2014, there was an increasing trend in NCD service utilizations among expatriate patients for both outpatient (OP) and inpatient (IP) care. For OP care, Cambodia, Laos PDR, Myanmar, and Vietnam (CLMV) expatriates had fewer odds of NCD service utilization, relative to non-CLMV expatriates (p-value < 0.001). For IP care, males tended to have greater odds of NCD service utilization compared with females (AdjOR = 1.35, 95% CI = 1.05–1.74, p-value = 0.019). Increasing age showed a significant association with NCD service utilization. In addition, there was a growing trend of the NCD prevalence amongst expatriate patients. This issue points to a need for prompt public health actions if Thailand aims to have all people on its soil protected with universal health coverage for their well-being, as stipulated in the Sustainable Development Goals. Future studies that aim to collect primary evidence of expatriates at the household level should be conducted. Additional research on other societal factors that may help provide a better insight into access to healthcare for NCDs, such as socioeconomic status, beliefs, and attitudes, should be conducted.

scholarly journals Noncommunicable Disease Emergencies During Arbaeenia Mass Gathering at Public Hospitals in Karbala, Najaf, and Babel Governorates, Iraq, 2014: Cross-Sectional Study (Preprint)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faris Lami ◽  
Abdul Wahhab Jewad ◽  
Abulameer Hassan ◽  
Hadeel Kadhim ◽  
Sura Alharis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Mass Gathering ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adherence To Diet ◽  
South Iraq

BACKGROUND Arbaeenia is the largest religious mass gathering (MG) in Iraq where millions of people from Iraq and many other countries visit Karbala city, south Iraq. MGs are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality from different noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and asthma. There is a scarcity of publications that address MGs in Iraq. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to explore the NCD emergencies in public hospitals in Karbala, Najaf, and Babel governorates in Iraq, during the Arbaeenia MG and assess predisposing factors for NCD emergencies. METHODS The study was conducted from November 27 to December 16, 2014. Data were collected in the pre-event and during MG event from 7 selected hospitals. The pre-event data were collected from emergency room (ER) registers and logbooks, and the data on the MG event were collected daily through direct interview with patients and treating physicians using a structured questionnaire. RESULTS In total, 4425 NCD emergencies were recorded. Of these, 80.13% (3546/4425) were collected during the MG event. The NCD emergencies attended at ER hospitals during MG were severe hypertension (HT), diabetes (hyperglycemia), ischemic heart disease (IHD), asthma, and pulmonary edema. The load of NCD emergencies and the daily average emergencies increased 4-fold and 2-fold during the MG event, respectively. Most of the NCD emergencies were treated at ER departments, and a few were hospitalized. Intense physical activities and poor adherence to diet and medication were risk factors for IHD, severe HT, and hyperglycemic diabetes emergencies. Exposure to noxious gases or fumes and recent respiratory infections were risk factors for asthma emergencies. CONCLUSIONS As the pilgrims approached Karbala city during the Arbaeenia MG, the hospitals on the roads leading to the city experienced an increased load of patients because of different NCD emergencies. Although hospitals should be equipped with the necessary supplies, health education for pilgrims is mandatory, particularly on the factors that can exacerbate their diseases.

scholarly journals Noncommunicable Disease Emergencies During Arbaeenia Mass Gathering at Public Hospitals in Karbala, Najaf, and Babel Governorates, Iraq, 2014: Cross-Sectional Study

10.2196/10890 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. e10890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faris Lami ◽  
Abdul Wahhab Jewad ◽  
Abulameer Hassan ◽  
Hadeel Kadhim ◽  
Sura Alharis
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Public Hospitals ◽  
Noncommunicable Disease ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
Mass Gathering ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adherence To Diet ◽  
South Iraq

Background Arbaeenia is the largest religious mass gathering (MG) in Iraq where millions of people from Iraq and many other countries visit Karbala city, south Iraq. MGs are associated with high rates of morbidity and mortality from different noncommunicable diseases (NCDs) such as cardiovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus, and asthma. There is a scarcity of publications that address MGs in Iraq. Objective This study aimed to explore the NCD emergencies in public hospitals in Karbala, Najaf, and Babel governorates in Iraq, during the Arbaeenia MG and assess predisposing factors for NCD emergencies. Methods The study was conducted from November 27 to December 16, 2014. Data were collected in the pre-event and during MG event from 7 selected hospitals. The pre-event data were collected from emergency room (ER) registers and logbooks, and the data on the MG event were collected daily through direct interview with patients and treating physicians using a structured questionnaire. Results In total, 4425 NCD emergencies were recorded. Of these, 80.13% (3546/4425) were collected during the MG event. The NCD emergencies attended at ER hospitals during MG were severe hypertension (HT), diabetes (hyperglycemia), ischemic heart disease (IHD), asthma, and pulmonary edema. The load of NCD emergencies and the daily average emergencies increased 4-fold and 2-fold during the MG event, respectively. Most of the NCD emergencies were treated at ER departments, and a few were hospitalized. Intense physical activities and poor adherence to diet and medication were risk factors for IHD, severe HT, and hyperglycemic diabetes emergencies. Exposure to noxious gases or fumes and recent respiratory infections were risk factors for asthma emergencies. Conclusions As the pilgrims approached Karbala city during the Arbaeenia MG, the hospitals on the roads leading to the city experienced an increased load of patients because of different NCD emergencies. Although hospitals should be equipped with the necessary supplies, health education for pilgrims is mandatory, particularly on the factors that can exacerbate their diseases.

scholarly journals Cross sectional study of immunization coverage in urban slum areas of Lucknow region

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 3310
Author(s):  
Priyanka Kesarwani ◽  
Nripendra Singh ◽  
S. S. Keshari ◽  
Sumeet Dixit
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Child Survival ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Immunization Status ◽  
Slum Areas

Background: Immunization plays an important role of child survival programmes all over the world. Recent data revealed that there are approximately 34 million children are not completely immunized and about 98% are residing in developing countries. The aims and objectives were to assess the immunization coverage and various socio-demographic factors affecting the immunization in urban slum areas of Lucknow.Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out at urban slums of Lucknow region. The target study population was of children aged 0-6 years. The immunization status data of the child was collected and analysed.Results: Majority (79.8%) of children were in the age group of 16-23 months. Majority (79.4%) of children were completely immunized, while 20.6% were partially immunized. Significant association was found between educational status of mother and socioeconomic status of family with immunization status of children.Conclusions: There was significant association was found between educational status of mother and socioeconomic status of family with immunization status of children. We observed in present study that there are some pockets in slum areas where immunization to children are very poor. 

Doctor Retention in Ireland - What it may mean for the Global Health Workforce Reform Agenda Comment on "Doctor Retention: A Cross-sectional Study of How Ireland Has Been Losing the Battle"

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Hope Taderera
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Health Workforce ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Healthcare Personnel ◽  
Health Coverage ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Reform Agenda ◽  
Medical Graduates

The study of healthcare personnel migration in Ireland reports that most medical graduates plan to leave the country’s health system. It may be possible to address this challenge by understanding and addressing the reasons why young doctors plan to leave. Future studies should contribute to the retention of early career doctors in highincome countries such as Ireland. This will help reduce the migration of doctors from low- and middle-income countries in order to address the global health workforce crisis and its impact on the attainment of universal health coverage in all health systems.

Kidney Biopsy in Type 2 Diabetes: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Jonathan M. Chemouny ◽  
Mickaël Bobot ◽  
Aurélie Sannier ◽  
Valentin Maisons ◽  
Noémie Jourde-Chiche ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Hypertensive Nephropathy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Recent Onset ◽  
Atypical Features ◽  
Retinal Examination

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Kidney biopsies (KBs) are performed in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) to diagnose non-diabetic or hypertensive kidney disease (NDHKD) potentially requiring specific management compared to diabetic and or hypertensive nephropathy (absence of NDHKD). Indications for KB are based on the presence of atypical features compared to the typical course of diabetic nephropathy. In this study, we assessed the association of different patterns of atypical features, or KB indications, with NDHKD. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Native KBs performed in patients with T2D were analyzed. Data were collected from the patients’ records. KB indications were determined according to the presence of different atypical features considered sequentially: (1) presence of any feature suggesting NDHKD which is not among the following ones, (2) recent onset of nephrotic syndrome, (3) low or rapidly declining estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), (4) rapid increase in proteinuria, (5) short duration of diabetes, (6) presence of hematuria, or (7) normal retinal examination. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Among the 463 KBs analyzed, NDHKD was diagnosed in 40% of the total population and 54, 40, 24, and 7% of the KBs performed for indications 1–4 respectively. Conversely, no patient who underwent KB for indications 5–7 displayed NDHKD. Logistic regression analyses identified eGFR<sub>CKD-EPI</sub> &#x3e;15 mL/min/1.73 m<sup>2</sup>, urinary protein-to-Cr ratio &#x3c;0.3 g/mmol, hematuria, HbA1c &#x3c;7%, and diabetes duration &#x3c;5 years as predictors of NDHKD, independently from the indication group. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> NDHKD is frequent in T2D. Despite the association of hematuria with NDHKD, our results suggest that presence of hematuria and absence of DR are insufficient to indicate KB in the absence of concurrent atypical features. Conversely, rapid progression of proteinuria and rapid deterioration of eGFR are major signals of NDHKD.

scholarly journals Comparison of Prevalence of Periodontitis with Different Indices in Population of District Ghaziabad

2016 ◽  
Vol 04 (01) ◽  
pp. 023-030
Author(s):  
Vimal Kumar ◽  
Pallak Arora ◽  
Manish Khatri ◽  
Shivani Sharma ◽  
Sumit Malhotra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sample Population ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Multi Stage ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Study Population

Abstract Objective: To estimate the prevalence of periodontal disease with different indices. Methods & materials: The study population consisted of multistage stratified random sample of 1300 subjects from total population of district Ghaziabad. A cross-sectional study was conducted with multi stage stratified random sampling techniques to select the sample population. The subjects were divided into different age groups and the periodontal assessment was made on the basis of CPITN index and ESI Index. Results: The CPITN has shown to estimate incorrect periodontal disease prevalence because of its underestimation of the disease severity. A huge difference was noticed in the prevalence rate of periodontitis when subjects were examined with ESI index. Conclusion Periodontal disease was found to be highly prevalent in the study population and severity of disease increased with age. More number of subjects in younger age group were found to be healthy.

scholarly journals COPD awareness in the urban slums and rural areas around Pune city in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deesha Deepak Ghorpade ◽  
Anchala Raghupathy ◽  
Jyoti Deepak Londhe ◽  
Sapna Jitendra Madas ◽  
Nisha Vijay Kale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years

AbstractCOPD is the second leading cause of death and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) in India, yet, it remains poorly recognized. We aimed to study the level of awareness of COPD in urban slums of Pune city in India and its neighboring rural areas. All male and female subjects above the age of 30 years residing in 13 randomly selected slums of Pune city (total population of 3000) and 7 randomly selected neighboring rural villages (total population of 3000) were invited to participate in this cross-sectional community survey. After obtaining written informed consent, 13 trained community health workers (CHWs) administered a questionnaire that captured their level of awareness of COPD. Of the 6000 subjects approached, 5420 residents (mean age ± SD = 48.0 ± 13.5 years; 38% males) consented and answered all questions. The number of people who had ever heard the word COPD was 49/5420 [0.9% (0.6–1.1%); 0.7% (0.5–1.3%) of the urban slum dwellers and 1.15% (0.5–1.3%) of rural residents]. Among those who had never heard the word COPD (n = 5371), when asked what was the name of the disease caused by long-term tobacco smoking, 38% said cancer, 16.7% said asthma, and 4.4% said TB. Among those who had heard the word COPD (n = 49), 6.1% said it was a disease of the heart, and 61% attributed COPD to smoke and dust pollution and 20% to tobacco smoking. The level of awareness of COPD in the Indian community is extremely low, highlighting the need to have nationwide mass awareness programs in India.

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