scholarly journals COPD awareness in the urban slums and rural areas around Pune city in India

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Deesha Deepak Ghorpade ◽  
Anchala Raghupathy ◽  
Jyoti Deepak Londhe ◽  
Sapna Jitendra Madas ◽  
Nisha Vijay Kale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Urban Slum ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years

AbstractCOPD is the second leading cause of death and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) in India, yet, it remains poorly recognized. We aimed to study the level of awareness of COPD in urban slums of Pune city in India and its neighboring rural areas. All male and female subjects above the age of 30 years residing in 13 randomly selected slums of Pune city (total population of 3000) and 7 randomly selected neighboring rural villages (total population of 3000) were invited to participate in this cross-sectional community survey. After obtaining written informed consent, 13 trained community health workers (CHWs) administered a questionnaire that captured their level of awareness of COPD. Of the 6000 subjects approached, 5420 residents (mean age ± SD = 48.0 ± 13.5 years; 38% males) consented and answered all questions. The number of people who had ever heard the word COPD was 49/5420 [0.9% (0.6–1.1%); 0.7% (0.5–1.3%) of the urban slum dwellers and 1.15% (0.5–1.3%) of rural residents]. Among those who had never heard the word COPD (n = 5371), when asked what was the name of the disease caused by long-term tobacco smoking, 38% said cancer, 16.7% said asthma, and 4.4% said TB. Among those who had heard the word COPD (n = 49), 6.1% said it was a disease of the heart, and 61% attributed COPD to smoke and dust pollution and 20% to tobacco smoking. The level of awareness of COPD in the Indian community is extremely low, highlighting the need to have nationwide mass awareness programs in India.

scholarly journals Water sanitation and hygiene in the schools of rural field practice area of Shri B. M. Patil Medical College, Vijayapur

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 4307
Author(s):  
Rashmi Hullalli ◽  
M. R. Gudadinni ◽  
Shailaja S. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Rural Practice ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Piped Water ◽  
Sanitation And Hygiene ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years

Background: One of the world’s most urgent issues is lack of safe water, sanitation and hygiene. Water-related improvements are crucial to meet the development goals, reduce child mortality, and improve health in a sustainable way. The absence of WASH in schools is responsible for 20% of total deaths and disability adjusted life years (DALYs) in children. Over 440 million schools days are missed annually due to water, sanitation and hygiene related diseases. Though there are emerging vaccines for rotavirus and cholera still WASH remains critical in the prevention of diarrheal diseases, soil transmitted helminthes infections and acute respiratory diseases. Objective of the study was to study the implementation and functionality of WASH in schools.Methods: A cross sectional study was done in all the schools of rural practice area of our college by interview technique using a pre tested semi structured questionnaire.Results: Out of 7 schools, 5 (71%) had piped water supply but only 2 schools (28.5%) practiced the process of water purification every day. All the schools were provided with toilet facilities whereas only 3 schools had separate toilet for girls. When looked upon availability of soap only 3 schools had provided soap regularly for hand washing. Most of the schools taught about personal hygiene but only 2 schools revealed that they dispose solid waste regularly.Conclusions: Although nationwide emphasis is given to water sanitation and hygiene, practicing is very low especially in rural areas. Therefore special efforts should be done not only for the implantation, but also upon the operation and maintenance of the same. 

scholarly journals Burden of Stroke in Myanmar

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-51
Author(s):  
Narayanaswamy Venketasubramanian ◽  
Yee Mon Khine ◽  
Ohnmar Ohnmar ◽  
Myat Po Po Kyaw Khin ◽  
Min Thit Win
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Mechanical Thrombectomy ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Stroke Units ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Life Years Lost ◽  
Standardized Mortality Rate ◽  
Age And Sex

Myanmar is home to over 51 million people. The age- and sex-standardized mortality rate due to stroke is 165.4/100,000, while the rate of age- and sex-standardized disability-adjusted life years lost due to stroke is 2971.3/100,000. The prevalence of stroke among adults aged 40–99 years is 1.5%. Stroke is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality and comprises 20% of the neurological workload. There are only 10 stroke units in the whole country. Doctors are aware of the importance of hypertension in stroke prevention and the need for physiotherapy after stroke, but, until recently and in rural areas, they also tend to use steroids and neuroprotectants, and lower blood pressure aggressively acutely after stroke; antiplatelets are not widely used. Thrombolysis service is available at some tertiary centers but mechanical thrombectomy is not yet available.

scholarly journals Manuscript title: Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among under-five children residing in urban slums and rural area, Maharashtra, India: a community-based cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujata Kapil Murarkar ◽  
Jayashree Sachin Gothankar ◽  
Prakash Doke ◽  
Prasad Pore ◽  
Sanjay Lalwani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Abstract BackgroundUndernutrition among under five children in India is a major public health problem.Despite India’s growth in the economy, the child mortality rate due to undernutrition is still high in both urban and rural areas.Studies that focus on urban slums are scarce. Hence the present study was carried out to assess the prevalence and determinants of undernutrition in children under five in Maharashtra, India.Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 16 randomly selected clusters in two districts of Maharashtra state, India. Data were collected through house to house survey by interviewing mothers of under five children. Total 2929 mothers and their 3,671 under five children were covered. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify the determinants of child nutritional status seperately in urban and rural areas. ResultsThe mean age of the children was 2.38 years (±SD 1.36) and mean age of mothers was 24.25 years (± SD 6.37).Overall prevalence of stunting among children under five was 45.9 %, wasting was 17.1% and 35.4% children were underweight.Prevalence of wasting, stunting and underweight were more seen in an urban slum than a rural area.In the rural areas exclusive breast feeding(p<0.001) and acute diarrhea (p=0.001) were associated with wasting, children with birth order 2 or less than 2 were associated with stunting and exclusive breast feeding (p<0.05) and low maternal education were associated with underweight. Whereas in the urban slums exclusive breast feeding(p<0.05) was associated with wasting, sex of the child (p<0.05) and type of family(p<0.05)were associated with stunting,and low income of the family(p<0.05) was associated with underweight.ConclusionsFactors like sex of the child, birth order,exclusive breast feeding ,economic status of the family, type of family,acute diarrhea and maternal education have influence on nutritional status of the child. Improvement of maternal education will improve the nutritional status of the child. Strategies are needed to improve the economic status of the community.Trial registration-Trial registration number:CTRI/2017/12/010881;Registration date:14/12/2017. Retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of undernutrition among under-five children residing in urban slums and rural area, Maharashtra, India: a community-based cross-sectional study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sujata Kapil Murarkar ◽  
Jayashree Sachin Gothankar ◽  
Prakash Doke ◽  
Prasad Pore ◽  
Sanjay Lalwani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Breast Feeding ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Maternal Education ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Trial Registration ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Exclusive Breast Feeding ◽  
Under Five ◽  
Under Five Children

Abstract Background Undernutrition among under five children in India is a major public health problem.Despite India’s growth in the economy, the child mortality rate due to undernutrition is still high in both urban and rural areas.Studies that focus on urban slums are scarce. Hence the present study was carried out to assess the prevalence and determinants of undernutrition in children under five in Maharashtra, India.Methods A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 16 randomly selected clusters in two districts of Maharashtra state, India. Data were collected through house to house survey by interviewing mothers of under five children. Total 2929 mothers and their 3,671 under five children were covered. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was carried out to identify the determinants of child nutritional status seperately in urban and rural areas. Results The mean age of the children was 2.38years (±SD 1.365) and mean age of mothers was 24.25(± SD6.37) years.Overall prevalence of stunting among children under five was 45.9 %, wasting was 17.1% and 35.4% children were underweight.Prevalence of wasting, stunting and underweight were more seen in an urban slum than a rural area.In the rural areas exclusive breast feeding(p<0.001) and acute diarrhea (p=0.001)in children underfive were associated with wasting, children with birth order 2 or less than 2 were more affected by stunting and exclusive breast feeding (p<0.05) and low maternal education were associated with underweight.Whereas in the urban slums exclusive breast feeding(p<0.05) was associated with wasting, sex of the child (p<0.05) and type of family(p<0.05)were associated with stunting,and low income of the family(p<0.05) was associated with underweight.Conclusion Factors like sex of the child, birth order,exclusive breast feeding ,economic status of the family, type of family,acute diarrhea and maternal education have influence on nutritional status of the child. Improvement of maternal education will improve the nutritional status of the child. Strategies are needed to improve the economic status of the community.The trial registration-This article is part of baseline data of the project, hence not related to trial registration. After baseline data principal investigator had done trial registration retrospectively.

Factors Influencing Choice of Delivery Place among Mothers in Rukungiri and Kanungu Districts, South Western Uganda: A Cross Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Mugambe ◽  
Habib Yakubu ◽  
Solomon Wafula ◽  
Tonny Ssekamatte ◽  
Simon Kasasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Facility ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Public Health Facility ◽  
Facility Delivery ◽  
Health Facilities ◽  
Public Facility ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Western Uganda ◽  
Delivery Place

Abstract Background: Child birth in health facilities is generally associated with lower risk of maternal and neonatal mortality. However, in Uganda, little is known about factors that influence use of health facilities for delivery especially in rural areas. In this study, we examined the determinants of mothers’ decision of the choice of child delivery place in Western Uganda.Methods: Cross-sectional data was collected from 894 randomly-sampled mothers within the catchment of two private hospitals in Rukungiri and Kanungu districts. Data was collected on the place of delivery for the most recent child, mothers’ sociodemographic characteristics, health facility water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) status. Modified Poisson regression was used to estimate prevalence ratios (PRs) for the determinants of mothers’ choice of delivery place as well as determinants for the choice of private versus public facility for delivery at 95% confidence intervals. Results: Majority of mothers (90.2%) delivered in health facilities. Non-facility deliveries were attributed to fast progression of labour (77.3%), lack of transport (31.8%) and high cost of hospital delivery (12.5%). Being engaged in business as an occupation [APR = 1.06, 95% CI (1.01 – 1.11)] and belonging to the highest wealth quintile [APR = 1.09, 95% CI (1.02 – 1.17)] favoured facility delivery while higher parity of 3 – 4 [APR = 0.93, 95% CI (0.88 – 0.99)] was inversely associated with facility delivery as compared to parity of 1-2. Choice of private facility over public facility was influenced by how mothers valued factors such as high skilled health workers [APR = 1.15, 95% CI (1.05 – 1.26)], higher quality of WASH services [APR = 1.11, 95% CI (1.04 – 1.17)], cost of the delivery [APR = 0.85, 95% CI (0.78 – 0.92)] and availability of caesarean services [APR = 1.13, 95% CI (1.08 – 1.19)].Conclusion: Utilization of health facility child delivery services was high. Health facility delivery service utilization was influenced by engaging in business, belonging to wealthiest quintile and being multiparous. Choice of private versus public health facility for child delivery was influenced by health facility WASH status, cost of services, and availability of skilled workforce and caesarean services.

scholarly journals An analysis of blood pressure screening of 21 112 participants in Armenia: May Measurement Month 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (Supplement_H) ◽  
pp. H14-H16
Author(s):  
Parounak Zelveian ◽  
Avag Avagyan ◽  
Arsen Minasyan ◽  
Samvel Hayrumyan ◽  
Svetlana Gourgenyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Blood Pressure Measurement ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Life Years ◽  
Public Areas ◽  
Temporary Solution ◽  
Global Initiative ◽  
Definition Of

Abstract Elevated blood pressure (BP) is a growing burden worldwide and is the leading cause of mortality and disability-adjusted life years all over the world. May Measurement Month (MMM) is a global initiative aimed to raise awareness of high BP and to act as a temporary solution to the lack of screening programmes worldwide. An opportunistic cross-sectional survey of volunteers aged ≥18 was carried out in May to July 2018. Blood pressure measurement, the definition of hypertension (HTN) and statistical analysis followed the standard MMM protocol. The study was conducted in public areas (17 sites in Yerevan and 22 in regions), both indoor and outdoor, as well as in 78 primary care centres. A total of 21 112 individuals were screened during MMM18, of which 20 732 had three BP measurements available. The mean age of screened individuals was 46.2 ± 17.3 years, 57.8% were female. At the time of screening, 26.1% were on antihypertensive medication. After imputation, the percentage of participants with HTN was 38.7%, and 76.7% of them were aware of their high BP. Of participants receiving treatment, 47.1% had a controlled BP. MMM18 was the largest BP screening campaign undertaken in Armenia. We found that the proportion of HTN is substantial in Armenia, which may be a vital contributor to the growing burden of non-communicable diseases. Our results also suggest that untreated HTN is common and when treated still not adequately controlled in Armenia. The current situation, with an insufficient control rate of HTN, must be changed as soon as possible.

scholarly journals Assessment of relevance and effectiveness of community health workforce (CHW) development system in Bangladesh

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-335
Author(s):  
Md Humayun Kabir Talukder ◽  
BH Nazma Yasmeen ◽  
Rumana Nazneen ◽  
Md Zakir Hossain ◽  
Ishrat Jahan Chowdhury
Keyword(s):  
Community Health ◽  
Community Health Workers ◽  
Health Workforce ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Care Delivery ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Development System ◽  
Audiovisual Aids

Background : Community Health Workforce (CHW) development has a rich history in South East Asian Region (SEAR). The first Community Health Unit was established in Sri Lanka in 1926 and then practiced over many of the regional countries like, Thailand, Mayanmar and India. Community Health Workers are in the fore front workforce to bring about change through community health programmes to national levels. In Bangladesh, there are also different categories of health workforce serving in the health care delivery system.Objectives : To assess relevance and effectiveness of community health workforce (CHW) development system in Bangladesh.Methods : This cross sectional study was conducted from 1st November 2010-30th April 2011 by purposive sampling technique. Study population were directors, administrators, principals, teachers of different institutes/ organizations and community health workers working in different corners of Bangladesh. Study places were different divisional towns of Bangladesh. Previously developed questionnaire & checklist were used for the collection of data from the institutes/ organizations by data collectors. These data were edited, processed and was analysed by using SPSS soft ware and a small portion by manually. No strong ethical issues were involved in this activity.Results : Study revealed that all the respondents (100%) are in favour of production of CHW in Bangladesh through formal academic institutional or pre service education (61.4%) .Most of the respondents (56.8%) viewed that there are scopes of utilisation of produced CHW in rural areas and most of the respondents (63.6%) also viewed that terminal/marginalized/underprivileged peoples of hard to reach areas at least can be served by CHW. Regarding the competency of produced CHW few of the respondents (43.2%) viewed positively. Most of the respondents (86.4%) viewed that both govt. & non govt. sectors should produce CHW with a very good coordination and co-operation. Study revealed the institutional capacities or situations about physical facilities, ongoing course, audiovisual aids, library, manpower and assessment procedure.Conclusion : Study revealed that there is strong & logical relevance present for the production of CHW in Bangladesh. So the existing Human Resource for Health (HRH) policy is to be revised & revisited as a time felt need to develop more competent CHW for Bangladesh to serve the marginalized, terminal, people of remote, rural & hard to reach areas.Northern International Medical College Journal Vol.5(2) 2014: 332-335

scholarly journals Direct estimates of disability-adjusted life years lost due to stroke : a cross-sectional observational study in a demographic surveillance site in rural Gadchiroli, India

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. e028695 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikkil Sudharsanan ◽  
Mahesh Deshmukh ◽  
Yogeshwar Kalkonde
Keyword(s):  
Years Of Life Lost ◽  
Vital Registration ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life Years ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Registration System ◽  
Demographic Surveillance Site ◽  
Surveillance Site ◽  
Disability Adjusted Life ◽  
Stroke Prevalence ◽  
Life Years

ObjectiveTo directly estimate disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) lost due to stroke in rural Gadchiroli, India and measure the contribution of mortality and disability to total DALYs lost.DesignCross-sectional descriptive study using population census, vital registration and stroke prevalence data.SettingA demographic surveillance site of 86 villages in Gadchiroli, a rural district in Maharashtra, India.ParticipantsPopulation counts and mortality information were drawn from a census and vital registration system covering a population of approximately 94 154 individuals; stroke prevalence information was based on a door-to-door evaluation of all 45 053 individuals from 39 of the 86 villages in the surveillance site.Primary outcome measuresYears of life lost (YLL), years lived with disability (YLD) and DALYs lost due to stroke.ResultsThere were 229 stroke deaths among the total population of 94 154 individuals and 175 stroke survivors among the subpopulation of 45 053 individuals. An estimated 2984 DALYs were lost due to stroke per 100 000 person-years with a higher burden among men compared with women (3142 vs 2821 DALYs). Over three-fourths (80%) of the total DALYs lost due to stroke were between ages 30 and 70 years. YLL accounted for 98.9% of total DALYs lost.ConclusionsThere was a high burden of stroke in rural Gadchiroli with a significant burden at premature ages. These results reveal a substantial need for surveillance and improved preventive and curative services for stroke in rural India.

scholarly journals Determinants of Tobacco Smoking Addiction in Rural Indonesian Communities

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Jovian Philip Swatan ◽  
Sulistiawati Sulistiawati ◽  
Azimatul Karimah
Keyword(s):  
Mass Media ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Social Control ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Tobacco Smoking ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Rank Order ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Addiction Risk ◽  
Smoking Addiction

Purpose. To analyze the determinants of tobacco smoking addiction in rural areas. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted on February 2020. The self-administered questionnaire (α = 0.908) and Perceived Stress Scale–10 were used as tobacco smoking determinants and the WHO ASSIST questionnaire V3.0 to determine its addiction risk. Their correlations were analyzed by Spearman’s rank-order approach using the SPSS version 23.0. Results. Among 75 male respondents that participated in this study, those on low, moderate, and high addiction risk were 45 (60.00%), 23 (30.67%), and 7 (9.33%), respectively, and significantly correlated with the research questionnaire that consisted three parts: 1. awareness toward the health risk; 2. social control; 3. mass media role in tobacco smoking (p=0.014, 0.004, and 0.009 respectively), but there was no significant correlation with the stress level (p=0.287). Conclusion. Increased awareness toward the health risk, good social control, and mass media reporting the danger of tobacco smoking is significantly in correlation with the decreased addiction in rural areas. However, the high perceived stress has no correlation with its increase.

scholarly journals Deskripsi Tingkat Kecemasan Perawat Saat Bertugas di Ruang Perawatan Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (01) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yarwin Yari ◽  
Teti Oktianingsih ◽  
Irma gita ◽  
Desi Luanda ◽  
M.Khalid Fredy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Population ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Transmission Rate ◽  
Direct Care ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Isolation Room ◽  
Cross Sectional Design ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Severe Anxiety ◽  
Very High

Introduction: Novel Coronavirus Disease (Covid-19) caused by SARS-COV2 was first discovered in Wuhan, China, December 2019. WHO has designated Covid 19 as a pandemic which has resulted in an increase in mortality worldwide. Covid-19 attacks the respiratory system similar to pneumonia but has signs of decreased oxygen saturation. In Indonesia, all health workers and paramedics, especially for a nurse, must always be ready to serve and provide direct care, the transmission rate is very high and the number of cases is increasing every day. This will make nurses as health workers have more workloads and are very vulnerable to experiencing psychological problems in the form of anxiety. Objectives: This study aims to describe the anxiety level of nurses working in the COVID-19 isolation room. Method: This type of research is an analytic study with a cross sectional design. Total population 100 people, with inclusion and exclusion criteria. Result: This study showed that most of the nurses did not experience anxiety, 97 respondents (77.6%), 16 respondents (12.8%) mild anxiety, 11 respondents (8.8%), moderate anxiety, and 1 respondent (0.8%) severe anxiety. Conclusion: the picture of anxiety in nurses who work in the Covid-19 isolation room has the ability to respond to anxiety well.

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