scholarly journals Ear infections in primary school children of south western Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 608
Author(s):  
Josephine A. E. Eziyi ◽  
Olumayowa A. Oninla ◽  
Temitope O. Salawu
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Education Programme ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Ear Infections

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Prevalence of ear infections in primary school children in Nigeria is scarcely documented and available studies are mostly hospital based. The aim of this Community based study is to define the point prevalence of ear infections among school children.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Using a multi- staged stratified sampling technique, 630 pupils aged 6-12years, attending Government owed primary schools in two local government areas in the South Western Nigeria were recruited for the application of a structured questionnaire, single examination and classification using their socioeconomic index.  </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Three hundred and seven (48.7%) were females and three hundred and twenty three (51.3%) were males. Chronic otitis media had the highest prevalence of 7.9%, followed by acute otitis media and otitis externa (3.2%) while otomycosis (1.6%) had the lowest. Majority of the infections were unilateral and more prevalent in the males. It was observed that all the ear infections were more prevalent in pupils from the low socioeconomic class although not statistically significant.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> These results shows that ear infections is still common in our primary schools and that socioeconomic status and sex of the pupils did not significantly affect the occurrence of these ear infections. There is a need to incorporate health education programme in schools to prevent ear infections and the attendant disabilities.</p>

Prevalence of preventable ear disorders in over 15 000 schoolchildren in northern India

2012 ◽  
Vol 127 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
S K Chadha ◽  
A Sayal ◽  
V Malhotra ◽  
A K Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
School Children ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Population Based ◽  
School Level ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Northern India

AbstractBackground:There is a considerable scarcity of reliable population-based data on the prevalence of preventable ear disorders in developing countries. This study was conducted to determine the prevalence of preventable ear disorders in primary school children (aged 5 to 12 years) in northern India.Method:A pro forma questionnaire was used to screen 15 718 primary school children in New Delhi for ear disorders. Ear examinations were conducted using otoscopy and impedance audiometry.Results:Impacted cerumen was prevalent in 7.93 per cent of schoolchildren, 4.79 per cent suffered from chronic otitis media and 3.06 per cent suffered from otitis media with effusion. Acute otitis media was detected in 0.65 per cent and foreign bodies were found in 0.34 per cent of the children.Conclusion:Preventable ear diseases posed a significant health problem among children at primary school level. Regular screening of children during this stage would ensure that their school lives were not affected by hearing impairments or preventable ear disorders. Information gathered in this study will help in effective treatment prioritisation of ear disorders, planning and resource allocation.

scholarly journals Prevalence of Speech Sound Disorders among Primary School Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 195-200
Author(s):  
Iqra Aslam ◽  
Nazia Mumtaz ◽  
Ghulam Saqulain
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Speech Sound ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Communication Disorders ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Speech Sound Disorders ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Female Ratio

Background: Communication Disorders are common and affect individual’s abilities to comprehend, detect and use language and speech, with speech sound disorders (SSD) being the most common communication issue of the youth. SSD is a disorder of development with difficulty in articulation and phonology affecting understanding and intelligibility of speech of a child. It affects the scholarly accomplishment in school as well. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of speech sound disorders among primary school going children. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study, recruiting a sample of 377 children through probability sampling technique from May 2018 to December 2018. Students of both genders, aged 4 to 8 years, were enrolled from Government Primary Schools of Mandi Bahauddin District, Punjab Pakistan. Students from private and special schools were excluded. Tool for Assessment of Articulation and Phonology in Urdu (TAAPU) was used to collect data, followed by data analysis using SPSS version 20. Results: Of 377 primary school children, 167(44.3%) were males and 210 (55.7%) were females with a male to female ratio of 1:1.26. Speech Sound Disorder was detected in 5 (1.3%) children, 4 males and only 1 female. Of these 5 cases with SSD, 3 (60%) males suffered from substitution and 1(20%) from omission, while 1 (20%) female child suffered from substitution disorder. Conclusion: The prevalence of Speech Sound Disorders in primary school children is very low being 1.3%, with significantly higher prevalence in males aged 61-72 months. “Substitution” of sounds is more common compared to “omission”.

scholarly journals Visual impairment and associated factors among primary school children in Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 533-542
Author(s):  
Gashaw Garedew Woldeamanuel ◽  
Mohammed Derese Biru ◽  
Teshome Gensa Geta ◽  
Birhan Abera Areru
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
Visual Impairment ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Southern Ethiopia ◽  
Cross Sectional

Background: Visual impairment is one of the major public health problems worldwide, especially in developing countries. Objective: To determine the prevalence of visual impairment and its associated factors among school children in Gurage Zone, Southern Ethiopia. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in eight primary schools of Gurage Zone. A total of 1064 pupils, of whom589 boys and 475 girls were selected using multistage sampling technique. Socio-demographic characteristics of the participants were collected using structured questionnaires and visual acuity was measured using Snellen’s chart. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the associated factors of visual impairment. Results: The prevalence of visual impairment was 5.2%. Factors significantly associated with visual impairment were age group of 13-18 years (AOR = 9.44, 95% CI = 3.83 – 23.25), school grade level of 5- 8 (AOR = 2.97, 95% CI = 1.23 – 7.17), rural residents (AOR = 2.59, 95% CI = 1.22 – 5.54), family’s monthly income of less than 2000 Ethiopian Birr (AOR = 2.87, 95% CI = 1.08 – 7.61) and visually impaired parents (AOR = 2.16, 95% CI = 1.06 – 4.39). Conclusion: This study found that the prevalence of visual impairment was 5.2%. Keywords: Visual impairment; primary school children; Gurage Zone; Southern Ethiopia. 

scholarly journals Risk factors for acute otitis media in primary school children: a case-control study in Central Java, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Siwi Pramatama Wijayanti ◽  
Daniel Joko Wahyono ◽  
Dwi Sarwani Sri Rejeki ◽  
Devi Octaviana ◽  
Aris Mumpuni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
School Children ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Central Java ◽  
Poor Nutritional Status ◽  
History Of

Background: Acute otitis media (AOM) is the most common disease in young children requiring antibiotic treatment. Information on AOM-related determinant risk factors in primary school children is still limited, particularly in Indonesia. This study aims to identify risk factors related to AOM in primary school children in Banyumas Regency, Central Java, Indonesia.Design and Methods: This is an analytical study with a case-control design in Banyumas Regency, Indonesia. 3574 children from 6 regions of the Banyumas Regency were recruited for the screening of AOM detection, and confirmation of AOM diagnosis was determined by Otolaryngologist. One hundred and twenty-five cases and 125 control were involved in this study. Data collection was carried out using a structured questionnaire focusing on several variables such as household cooking fuel, house environment, smoking exposure, knowledge of parents, and nutrition status. Univariate, bivariate using chi-square and multivariate with regression logistic was conducted for data analysis. Results: This study highlights the risk of household firewood use (p=0.003), poor nutritional status (p=0.009), and a family history of ear infections (p=0.015) with an increased risk of otitis media.Conclusions: Household firewood use, poor nutritional status and family history of ear infection are factors associated with the occurrence of acute otitis media. It is necessary to provide public health education to prevent exposure to fuel at risk for children and to improve their nutritional status.

scholarly journals Childhood hypertension and family history of hypertension in primary school children in Port Harcourt

2013 ◽  
Vol 40 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-188
Author(s):  
BAN Okoh ◽  
EAD Alikor
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Family History ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
History Of ◽  
Family History Of Hypertension ◽  
Childhood Hypertension

Objective: To determine the relationship between childhood hypertension and family history of hypertension in primary school children in Port Harcourt.Methods: A stratified multi-staged sampling technique was used torecruit pupils between 6-12 years of age, from thirteen primary schoolslocated in three school districts. Data was collected using a pretestedquestionnaire completed by parents / guardians. The average of three blood pressure measurements, weight and height were taken for each pupil, using standardized techniques. Hypertension was defined as average systolic and / or diastolic blood pressure greater than or equalto the 95th percentile for age, gender and height using the standard bloodpressure charts. Family history of hypertension was defined as eitherparent indicating on the submitted questionnaire that they were hypertensive (diagnosed by a physician and/or on antihypertensive drugs)or had a family history of hypertension.Results: A total of 1302 pupils with 717 (55.1%) females and 585(44.9%) males were studied, giving a female to male ratio of 1.2:1. Themean age of pupils studied was 8.82±1.91 years. Sixty one (4.7%)of the pupils examined had hypertension. Of the 1302 pupils, 316(24.3%) had a family history of hypertension. The mean systolic(p<0.001) and diastolic (p=0.220) blood pressures were higher in childrenwith a family history of hypertension than in those without. Ofthe pupils that had a family history of hypertension, 7.9% had  hypertension, while 3.7% of those that did not have a family history, werefound to be hypertensive (p=0.001).Conclusion: A family history of hypertension was associated with a higher prevalence of childhood hypertension than was seen in children without a family history of hypertension.Key words: Childhood Hypertension, Family history.

scholarly journals Oral health in relation to nutritional status among 10 years old primary school children in Al-Hillah city/ Iraq

2019 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Y. AL Khafaji ◽  
Nadia A Al Rawi
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Primary School ◽  
Rural Area ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Health Condition ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Gingival Index ◽  
Gingival Health

Background: Oral health and nutrition are in interdependent relationship that good nutritional health enhancing good oral health. Nutrition can affect the development and integrity of oral cavity and the progression of oral disease. The aim of the present study was to assess the prevalence of the gingival health condition in relation to the nutritional status, among 10 years old primary school children in urban and rural area in Al-Hillah city. Material and method: Eight hundred ninety one (891) students, aged10 years old, selected randomly from different primary schools, in urban and rural area in Al-Hillah city, were included in this study. Oral examination including of plaque index assessment, which was done according to the criteria by Silness and Loe, in 1964, gingival health conditions was determined according to Loe and Silness, 1963. Nutritional status was assessed using body mass index (BMI), following the criteria of Centers for Disease Control and Prevention growth chart (CDC). Statistical analysis was done using Kruskal Wallis test, Mann-Whitney U test and ANOVA, p-value of < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. Results: This study showed that the majority of the sample was found to be with normal gingival health condition. No significant difference was observed between the gingival index in relation to gender, or residence also, no significant result was found, between plaque and gingival index in relation to the nutritional status. Conclusion: The majority of the sample with normal gingiva however the nutritional status had no significant effect on gingival health condition while the urbanization had an effect on oral hygiene

scholarly journals Validation of self-reported physical activity by accelerometry among primary school children in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania: a pilot study

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 40
Author(s):  
Mary Vincent Mosha ◽  
Elizabeth Kasagama ◽  
Philip Ayieko ◽  
Jim Todd ◽  
Sia E. Msuya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Vigorous Physical Activity ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Positive Correlation ◽  
Self Reports ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Moderate Positive Correlation

Background: Self-reports are commonly used to assess physical activity in children.  Existing self-reports for physical activity have not been validated for use among primary school children in Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. In order to understand if primary school children can accurately report their physical activity, we examined the validity of self-reported physical activity against accelerometer measured physical activity. Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was conducted from May to July, 2018 among four primary schools in Moshi municipal and Moshi rural districts, Kilimanjaro, Tanzania.  A total of 51 primary school children aged 9–11 years were enrolled using a simple random sampling technique. A self-reported questionnaire was used to collect physical activity related variables. In addition, children wore accelerometers for seven consecutive days to capture physical activity movements. Spearman’s rank test and Bland Altman plots were used for assessing validity and agreement between self-reports and accelerometer moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Results: The mean age of the study participants was 10 (SD=0.8) years. Majority of the study participants were female 32 (63%). A moderate, positive correlation was found between self-reports and accelerometer MVPA (rho=0.36, p=0.009). Accelerometer had higher MVPA compared to self-reports. Children who reported walking to school had higher MVPA for both accelerometer and self- reports compared to children who use other means of transport to school, e.g. school buses (p < 0.001). Conclusions: This study found the moderate positive correlation between self-reports and accelerometers. Self-reports are prone to errors due to recall bias, and this interferes their validity.  More research is needed to develop better self-reported measures with specific activities which can easily be recalled by children. Also, researchers have to be aware of self-reports validity limitation.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS OF THE FARM FAMILIES WITH SPECIAL FOCUS ON PRIMARY SCHOOL CHILDREN IN PAKISTAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-563
Author(s):  
Hussain Sardar ◽  
Rana Muhammad Amir ◽  
Ayesha Khurshid ◽  
Hafiz Ali Raza ◽  
Adeela Manzoor
Keyword(s):  
Nutritional Status ◽  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Poor Health ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Farm Families ◽  
Chi Square Analysis

Purpose of the study: The main purpose of this study was to assess the nutritional status of farm families with a special focus on primary school children in Punjab. Methodology: This study was conducted in tehsil Jaranwala, Faisalabad. Five villages and two primary schools were selected from each village randomly. From these schools, 323 children whose fathers were farmers were selected as samples. A cross-sectional research design was used for the present study. In this context, an interview schedule was prepared and face-to-face interviews were administered to collect the required data. Main Findings: The chi-square analysis confirmed that education, and income of parents associated factors had a statistically significant (P<0.05) and positive correlation with BMI. Descriptive statistics indicated poverty was ranked 1st among reasons for malnutrition followed by inappropriate dietary choices and unavailability of healthy foods with mean values of 4.25 and 4.11, respectively. Whereas, children don't want to come to school due to poor health" was ranked 1st in all effects of poor health with a mean value of 4.50. Applications of the study: This study has highlighted the importance of the nutritional status of primary school-going children and also investigates the different factors that inverse impact on their health. This study will be proved helpful among farm families by creating awareness about the nutrition of children. Based on the findings of this study, the urge to the government to take steps to improve the literacy level and build strategies to improve the awareness level of mothers about the nutrition of children, especially in rural areas.  The novelty of the Study: This is the first study that investigates the assessment of the nutritional status of school-going children of farm families in Punjab, Pakistan especially in tehsil Jaranwala, Faisalabad.

scholarly journals Nutritional deficiencies among school children in urban areas of Hyderabad, Telangana, India

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sunil Pal Singh Chajhlana ◽  
Ramakrishna Narashimha Mahabhasyam ◽  
Maruti Sarma Mannava Varaprasada
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Urban Slums ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Nutritional Deficiencies ◽  
Unskilled Worker ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies

Background: The school age period is nutritionally significant because this is the prime time to build up body stores of nutrients in preparation for rapid growth of adolescence. Malnutrition remains the world’s most serious health problem and the single biggest contributor to child mortality, nearly one third of the children in the developing world are either underweight or stunted and more than 30% of the developing world’s population suffer from micronutrient deficiencies. However the data available from urban slums of Hyderabad in this age group is very sparse and hence an attempt has been made to study the same. The objectives were to determine the nutritional status of primary school children and study the factors associated with it.Methods:Study population:  Primary school children (6 to 11 years). Study area: primary schools in urban slums of Hyderabad. Study design: a cross sectional study. Sample size: 412 children. Sampling methods:  Simple random sampling Data collection: By using pre designed and pre tested and pre coded schedule (interview technique, observation, clinical examination). Analysis: By using Microsoft Excel 2007 and Epi Info 3.5.3.Results: The prevalence of underweight was 28.9%, overweight was 9.2% and obesity was 4.4% . Prevalence of stunted height was found among 21.8%. 5.8% children were suffering from Vitamin’ A’ deficiency, 15.0% were suffering from Vitamin B deficiency, and 15.8% were found to be anemic.Conclusions:The prevalence of underweight, Nutritional deficiencies were found to be significantly higher in children of illiterate parents’ and similarly in unskilled worker fathers’ and unemployed mothers. 

Bullying prevalence and numeracy performance among primary school children in Johannesburg: Implications for school-based interventions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jace Pillay
Keyword(s):  
Primary School ◽  
School Children ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
School Bullying ◽  
Home Language ◽  
Primary School Children ◽  
Contextual Variables ◽  
School Based ◽  
Early School

Background: Research has provided evidence about the negative impact of school bullying on the academic performance of primary school children, but studies on the prevalence of school bullying and numeracy performance of children are very scant.Aim: This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of school bullying and numeracy performance among primary school children, and its implications for school-based interventions.Setting: The sample comprised 435 children (56.3% females and 43.7% males; Grades 1–7; median age = 11 years) attending six primary schools in three different education districts in Johannesburg, South Africa.Method: The children self-reported their experience of bullying by peers through a questionnaire. In addition, they completed numeracy tests. For children aged 6 to 9 years, the questionnaire was completed with the assistance of trained field workers.Results: The results following a linear regression with multiple predictors indicated that numeracy was significantly associated with contextual variables such as grade and home language. Bullying was strongly associated with socio-economic indicators such as school quintile and regional situation. These variables are important in early school support interventions directed at improving learner numeracy performance in the primary school.Conclusion: The results show a relatively high percentage of bullying in primary schools in the Johannesburg region. The performance in numeracy was significantly associated with the grade and home language of the learner. Contextual variables related to socio-economic situation of learners such as school quintiles and regional situation had strong associations with bullying.

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