scholarly journals Impact of hydration on vocal loading using phonetogram measures

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 1317
Author(s):  
Sujan Ghosh ◽  
Indranil Chatterjee ◽  
Piyali Kundu ◽  
Susmi Pani ◽  
Suman Kumar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Graphical Display ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Range Profile ◽  
Vocal Intensity ◽  
Voice Range ◽  
The Voice

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Vocal loading is a phenomenon that affects the vocal folds and voice parameters. Prolonged vocal loading may cause vocal fatigue. Hydration is one of the easiest precautions to reduce the effect of vocal loading. Voice range profile is an analysis of a participant’s vocal intensity and fundamental frequency ranges. Speech range profile is a graphical display of frequency intensity interactions occurring during functional speech activity. Phonetogram software can analyse VRP and SRP.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> Total sixty normophonic participants (thirty male and thirty female) were included in this study. Phonetogram, version 4.40 by Tiger DRS, software used to measure the voice range profile and speech range profile. For VRP, participants were asked to produce vowel /a/ and a passage reading task was given for SRP measurement.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> All sample recording were done at pre vocal loading task, VLT and after hydration. Parameter that were used to measure the effects were Fo-range, semitone, max-F, min-F, SPL range, max-I, min-I, area (dB). Result showed that after VLT all other parameters like Fo-range, semitone, max-F, min-F, SPL range, max-I, min-I, area (dB) in VRP and SRP were reduced except min-F VRP in male, min-I VRP and min-I SRP in both male and female participants. After hydration all other parameters were improved except max-F VRP and min-F VRP in female, max-I VRP, min-F VRP and area VRP.</p><p><strong>Conclusions:</strong> This study concluded that vocal loading has negative impact on vocal fold tissue and mass. </p>

Changes in the male voice at puberty: vocal fold length and its relationship to the fundamental frequency of the voice

1998 ◽  
Vol 112 (5) ◽  
pp. 451-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meredydd Harries ◽  
Sarah Hawkins ◽  
Jeremy Hacking ◽  
Ieuan Hughes
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Frequency Change ◽  
Male Voice ◽  
Pubertal Stage ◽  
Sudden Drop ◽  
Ultrasound Measurements ◽  
The Voice

AbstractUltrasound measurements of the vocal folds were taken for a number of boys passing through puberty. The boys were grouped according to their pubertal stage as defined by Tanner and there was a gradual increase in the length of the vocal folds as puberty progressed. The fundamental frequency of the boys' speaking voice was recorded via laryngography and a good correlation between the length of the vocal folds and the frequency of the voice was seen. The sudden drop in frequency seen between Tanner stages 3 and 4 did not correlate with similar changes in the length of the vocal folds at this time but stroboscopic findings suggest a change in the structure and mass of the vocal folds at this time of maximum frequency change.

The Role of Adjustment of Expiratory Effort in the Control of Vocal Intensity: Clinical Assessment of Phonatory Function

2005 ◽  
Vol 132 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiyoshi Makiyama ◽  
Hidetaka Yoshihashi ◽  
Manabu Mogitate ◽  
Akinori Kida
Keyword(s):  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Airway Resistance ◽  
Vocal Cord Paralysis ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Loading Test ◽  
Reinke’S Edema ◽  
Vocal Intensity ◽  
The Voice

OBJECTIVE: To determine the role of the adjustment of expiratory effort in the control of vocal intensity. STUDY DESIGN: An intensity-loading test was performed by using the airway interruption method. Three groups of subjects were used: a control group thought to resemble normal vocal fold closure, a group of patients with Reinke's edema thought to represent increased mass at the level of the vocal folds, and a group with vocal fold paralysis that was thought to represent a group with lack of adequate vocal fold closure. RESULTS: In the control group, expiratory lung pressure and airway resistance slightly increased. In the patients with Reinke's edema, expiratory lung pressure, and airway resistance significantly increased. In this group, the voice intensity was controlled by laryngeal adjustment, but a greater expiratory effort was needed because of a greater increase in glottal resistance. In the patients with vocal cord paralysis, airway resistance did not increase even with a high-intensity voice. Vocal intensity was controlled by expiratory effort. CONCLUSIONS: If there is sufficient ability for laryngeal adjustment, vocal intensity is controlled primarily by laryngeal adjustment and by expiratory adjustment in response to increased glottal resistance. However, vocal intensity is controlled by expiratory effort when laryngeal adjustment ability is poor.

Voice Range Profiles of Middle School and High School Choral Directors

2009 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 293-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra M. Schwartz
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Middle School ◽  
Choral Directors ◽  
Vocal Health ◽  
Health Training ◽  
Range Profile ◽  
Vocal Intensity ◽  
Voice Range ◽  
The Voice ◽  
Minimum Intensity

Vocal demands of teaching are significant, and this challenge is compounded for choral directors who depend on the voice for communicating information or demonstrating music concepts. The purpose of this study is to examine the frequency and intensity of middle and high school choral directors' voices and to compare choral directors' voices with vocally trained and untrained singers and trained healthy and dysphonic voices using a voice range profile. Results indicated that (a) choral directors' vocal intensity range was significantly smaller than both healthy and dysphonic trained voices, (b) choral directors' minimum intensity was significantly higher than healthy and dysphonic trained voices, and (c) vocal frequency ranges of choral directors were reduced as compared with trained and untrained singers and healthy trained voices. The results of this study provide evidence that choral directors are at risk for developing vocal problems. Preservice vocal health training is recommended to reduce voice problems among choral directors.

scholarly journals An Analytical Study of Age and Gender Effects on Voice Range Profile in Bengali Adult Speakers using Phonetogram

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suman Kumar ◽  
Amitabha Roychoudhury ◽  
Indranil Chatterjee ◽  
Hindol Halder ◽  
Sayani Bari
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Daily Practice ◽  
Gender Effects ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Range Profile ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Spss Software ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Voice Range

ABSTRACT The study was aimed to analyze the changes in acoustic parameters based upon age and gender effects and to obtain normal voice range profile (VRP) of adult male and female of three different age range. Total no. of 90 subjects were grouped into three groups as per their age (20-30, 40-50 and 60-70 years) consisting 15 males and 15 females in each group. All participants were native Bengla speakers, not reported to have any speech, language, hearing, respiratory, or any other motor/ sensory deficits. Dr. Speech Software Phonetogram (version 4) and SPSS software (version 11.0) were used as tools. VRP parameters such as maximum and minimum fundamental frequency (F0), fundamental frequency range, sound pressure level (SPL), semitone and area were measured. Subjects were asked to phonate /a/ vowel in seven consistent registering in normal loudness. The mentioned parameters were measured by the tools. Responses were statistically analyzed by SPSS software (version 11.0). There was significant difference in fundamental frequency of males and females. But, there were no such significant difference in other parameters. For females endochronological changes results in more massive vocal folds and consequently, reduced F0 in old age group. Elderly males had a significantly higher F0 than young and middle aged due to vocal cord atrophy and tissue stiffening. In daily practice, the clinician prefers to make use of visual tools to treat the patient with voice problem.

scholarly journals Establishing Normative Data on Singing Voice Parameters of Children and Adolescents with Average Singing Activity Using the Voice Range Profile

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Tobias Dienerowitz ◽  
Thomas Peschel ◽  
Mandy Vogel ◽  
Tanja Poulain ◽  
Christoph Engel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Normative Data ◽  
Clinical Diagnostics ◽  
Singing Voice ◽  
Minimum Frequency ◽  
Range Profile ◽  
Percentile Curves ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Voice Range ◽  
The Voice

<b><i>Purpose:</i></b> The purpose of this study was to establish and characterize age- and gender-specific normative data of the singing voice using the voice range profile for clinical diagnostics. Furthermore, associations between the singing voice and the socioeconomic status were examined. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Singing voice profiles of 1,578 mostly untrained children aged between 7.0 and 16.11 years were analyzed. Participants had to reproduce sung tones at defined pitches, resulting in maximum and minimum fundamental frequency and sound pressure level (SPL). In addition, maximum phonation time (MPT) was measured. Percentile curves of frequency, SPL and MPT were estimated. To examine the associations of socioeconomic status, multivariate analyses adjusted for age and sex were performed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> In boys, the mean of the highest frequency was 750.9 Hz and lowered to 397.1 Hz with increasing age. Similarly, the minimum frequency was 194.4 Hz and lowered to 91.9 Hz. In girls, the mean maximum frequency decreased from 754.9 to 725.3 Hz. The mean minimum frequency lowered from 202.4 to 175.0 Hz. For both sexes, the mean frequency range ∆f showed a constant range of roughly 24 semitones. The MPT increased with age, for boys and girls. There was neither an effect of age nor sex on SPL<sub>min</sub> or SPL<sub>max</sub>, ranging between 52.6 and 54.1 dBA and between 86.5 and 82.8 dBA, respectively. Socioeconomic status was not associated with the above-mentioned variables. <b><i>Conclusion:</i></b> To our knowledge, this study is the first to present large normative data on the singing voice in childhood and adolescence based on a high number of measurements. In addition, we provide percentile curves for practical application in clinic and vocal pedagogy which may be applied to distinguish between normal and pathological singing voice.

Reinke's Edema: Phonatory Mechanisms and Management Strategies

1997 ◽  
Vol 106 (7) ◽  
pp. 533-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Zeitels ◽  
Glenn W. Bunting ◽  
Robert E. Hillman ◽  
Traci Vaughn
Keyword(s):  
Lamina Propria ◽  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Vocal Folds ◽  
Vocal Fold Vibration ◽  
Reinke’S Edema ◽  
Subglottal Pressure ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Superficial Lamina

Reinke's edema (RE) has been associated typically with smoking and sometimes with vocal abuse, but aspects of the pathophysiology of RE remain unclear. To gain new insights into phonatory mechanisms associated with RE pathophysiology, weused an integrated battery of objective vocal function tests to analyze 20 patients (19 women) who underwent phonomicrosurgical resection. Preoperative stroboscopic examinations demonstrated that the superficial lamina propria is distended primarily on the superior vocal fold surface. Acoustically, these individuals have an abnormally low average speaking fundamental frequency (123 Hz), and they generate abnormally high average subglottal pressures (9.7 cm H20). The presence of elevated aerodynamic driving pressures reflects difficulties in producing vocal fold vibration that are most likely the result of mass loading associated with RE, and possibly vocal hyperfunction. Furthermore, it is hypothesized that in the environment of chronic glottal mucositis secondary to smoking and reflux, the cephalad force on the vocal folds by the subglottal driving pressure contributes to the superior distention of the superficial lamina propria. Surgical reduction of the volume of the superficial lamina propria resulted in a significant elevation in fundamental frequency (154 Hz) and improvement in perturbation measures. In almost all instances, both the clinician and the patient perceived the voice as improved. However, these patients continued to generate elevated subglottal pressure (probably a sign of persistent hyperfunction) that was accompanied by visually observed supraglottal strain despite the normalsized vocal folds. This finding suggests that persistent hyperfunctional vocal behaviors may contribute to postsurgical RE recurrence if therapeutic strategies are not instituted to modify such behavior.

Future Perspectives

2017 ◽  
pp. 1070-1096
Author(s):  
Peter Pabon ◽  
David M. Howard ◽  
Sten Ternström ◽  
Malte Kob ◽  
Gerhard Eckel
Keyword(s):  
Computer Music ◽  
Music Composition ◽  
Musical Performance ◽  
Future Perspectives ◽  
Range Profile ◽  
Look Ahead ◽  
Virtual Acoustics ◽  
3D Printed ◽  
Voice Range ◽  
The Voice

This chapter, through examining several emerging or continuing areas of research, serves to look ahead at possible ways in which humans, with the help of technology, may interact with each other vocally as well as musically. Some of the topic areas, such the use of the Voice Range Profile, hearing modeling spectrography, voice synthesis, distance masterclasses, and virtual acoustics, have obvious pedagogical uses in the training of singers. Others, such as the use of 3D printed vocal tracts and computer music composition involving the voice, may lead to unique new ways in which singing may be used in musical performance. Each section of the chapter is written by an expert in the field who explains the technology in question and how it is used, often drawing upon recent research led by the chapter authors.

Quantitative evaluation of the voice range profile in patients with voice disorder

1999 ◽  
Vol 256 (S1) ◽  
pp. S51-S55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Ikeda ◽  
T. Masuda ◽  
H. Manako ◽  
H. Yamashita ◽  
T. Yamamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Evaluation ◽  
Voice Disorder ◽  
Range Profile ◽  
Voice Range ◽  
The Voice

Phonetics of Singing in Western Classical Style

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Johan Sundberg
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental Frequency ◽  
Vocal Fold ◽  
Vocal Tract ◽  
Formant Frequency ◽  
Vowel Identification ◽  
Fundamental Frequencies ◽  
Vocal Fold Vibration ◽  
Syllable Duration ◽  
Classical Singing ◽  
The Voice

The function of the voice organ is basically the same in classical singing as in speech. However, loud orchestral accompaniment has necessitated the use of the voice in an economical way. As a consequence, the vowel sounds tend to deviate considerably from those in speech. Male voices cluster formant three, four, and five, so that a marked peak is produced in spectrum envelope near 3,000 Hz. This helps them to get heard through a loud orchestral accompaniment. They seem to achieve this effect by widening the lower pharynx, which makes the vowels more centralized than in speech. Singers often sing at fundamental frequencies higher than the normal first formant frequency of the vowel in the lyrics. In such cases they raise the first formant frequency so that it gets somewhat higher than the fundamental frequency. This is achieved by reducing the degree of vocal tract constriction or by widening the lip and jaw openings, constricting the vocal tract in the pharyngeal end and widening it in the mouth. These deviations from speech cause difficulties in vowel identification, particularly at high fundamental frequencies. Actually, vowel identification is almost impossible above 700 Hz (pitch F5). Another great difference between vocal sound produced in speech and the classical singing tradition concerns female voices, which need to reduce the timbral differences between voice registers. Females normally speak in modal or chest register, and the transition to falsetto tends to happen somewhere above 350 Hz. The great timbral differences between these registers are avoided by establishing control over the register function, that is, over the vocal fold vibration characteristics, so that seamless transitions are achieved. In many other respects, there are more or less close similarities between speech and singing. Thus, marking phrase structure, emphasizing important events, and emotional coloring are common principles, which may make vocal artists deviate considerably from the score’s nominal description of fundamental frequency and syllable duration.

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