A clinical and mycological study of superficial mycosis

Background: Superficial mycosis is among the most frequent forms of human infection affecting more than 20-25% of world’s population. Current study aims at assessing the clinical profile of dermatophytic infection and to identify the fungal species responsible. Methods: A prospective study conducted on 100 patients with clinically suspected dermatophytosis presenting to Skin OPD in a tertiary hospital in north Karnataka. A detailed clinical history, general physical examination and systemic examination routine lab investigations were done. Sample collection for mycological examinations was done for direct microscopy in 10% KOH (40% KOH for nail) and fungal culture an SDA with 0.5% chloramphenicol and 0.5% cyclohexidine was done in every case.Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study. Male:female ratio was approximately 3:2. Maximum numbers of cases were in the age groups of 16-30 years (46 cases). 46% patients had multiple site involvement followed by tinea corporis in 20 (20%), tinea cruris in 18 (18%), tinea unguium (8%), tinea manuum (3%), tinea pedis (3%), tinea barbae (1%), and tinea faciei (1%). Potassium hydroxide examination was positive for fungal elements in 88(88%) patients and 35(35%). The most common species identified were. Trichophyton rubrum in 60% samples, followed by Trichophyton mentagrophytes in 20%.Conclusions: Present clinical and mycological study showed tinea corporis as the most common clinical pattern followed by tinea cruris and T. rubrum as the most common causative agent.

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The clinical type and etiological agents of superficial dermatophytosis: A cross sectional study

IP Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dermatology ◽

10.18231/j.ijced.2021.062 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 331-336

Author(s):

Sushmita Agrahari ◽

Shivam ◽

Shitij Goel ◽

Gopi Krishna Maddali

Keyword(s):

Fungal Infections ◽

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽

Common Species ◽

Fungal Species ◽

Tinea Corporis ◽

Fungal Culture ◽

Tinea Cruris ◽

Direct Microscopy ◽

Clinical Type ◽

Keratinized Tissue

Dermatophytosis are fungal infections caused by three genera of fungi that have the unique ability to invade and multiply within keratinized tissue (hair, skin, and nails). Although dermatomycoses are globally distributed, the endemic and most prevalent species of dermatophytosis differ strikingly from one geographic locality to another. Changing trend has been noticed in last few years with dermatophytic infections presenting as chronic, treatment unresponsive and recurrent. Also various microscopic and fungal culture studies have shown shift in identification of causative fungal species in recent years. Numerous studies have been done on the occurrence of dermatophytes in various parts of our country illustrating the range and changing pattern of fungal infection as well as causative fungal species. Total number of 150 patients attending outpatient department of our hospital who were clinically diagnosed as having superficial dermatophytosis were enrolled into the study. Patients were carefully screened as per inclusion and exclusion criteria and then enrolled in the study. Samples were taken from all the patients and examined for KOH direct microscopy and sent for fungal culture on Sabouraud’s Dextrose Agar as well as on Dermtophyte Test Medium. Results were then analyzed using standard statistical methods. Out of total 150 patients, 101 were males and 49 were females. Most common age group was 21-30 years (37.3%). 58 patients (38.7%) showed positivity to KOH microscopy as well as fungal culture. Additionally 25 more samples demonstrated positivity to KOH microscopy (total 83 patients) but negativity to culture, while 9 patient samples were positive to culture but negative to direct microscopy. Predominant fungal species isolated on culture was Trichophyton mentagrophytes (50.7%) while next common species isolated was T. tonsurans (29.9%). No significant association was found between dermatophyte isolate on culture and clinical type. Trichophyton mentagrophytes and Trichophyton tonsurans were the most common species isolated among subjects with Tinea faciei, Tinea cruris and Tinea corporis. The study showed a male preponderance and T. corporis was the commonest clinical type found. Majority of patients were in the 3rd decade and came within a duration of 1 month to 6 months of getting an infection. In patients diagnosed with tinea corporis, tinea cruris, tinea pedis and tinea manuum, T. mentagrophytes was the most predominant species isolated.

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Clinicomycological evaluation of dermatophytosis at tertiary care hospital in central India

International Journal of Research in Dermatology ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20183167 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4 (3) ◽

pp. 409

Author(s):

Shyam Govind Rathoriya ◽

Ankit Kumar Jain ◽

Kavita A. Shinde

Keyword(s):

Fungal Infections ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Age Groups ◽

Central India ◽

Common Species ◽

Tinea Corporis ◽

Valuable Insight ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Tinea Cruris

Background: Dermatophytoses are the infection of keratinized tissues such as the epidermis, hair, and nails caused by a group of closely related filamentous fungi known as dermatophytes.Methods: It was a hospital based cross-sectional study. A total number of 150 clinically diagnosed cases of skin, hair and nail infections were randomly selected from all the age groups and of both the sexes, attending Dermatology Outpatient department of CMCH, Bhopal from January 2016-December 2017.Results: Out of total 150 subjects, most common clinical type of dermatophytosis, identified in our study, was tinea corporis in 53 (35.3%) subjects followed by tinea cruris in 34 (22.6%) subjects. 134 (89.3%) subjects were tested positive by direct microscopy (KOH mount) and 69 (46.0%) by culture. Highest KOH mount positivity was seen in patient suffering from tinea corporis (94.3%) followed by tinea cruris (94.1%). Culture positivity was highest with tinea corporis (54.7%) followed by tinea lesions on more than one site (47.3%) and tinea cruris (47.0%). In our study, total 69 culture positive samples were isolated and the most common species isolated was T. rubrum in 41 (59.42%) cases.Conclusions: The present study gives valuable insight regarding clinical and mycological pattern of superficial fungal infections in this region as well as shows the importance of mycological examination of dermatophytosis samples for planning effective management.

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A comparative trial between the therapeutic efficacy of topical 2% sertaconazole cream and 1% terbinafine cream in the treatment of tinea cruris/tinea corporis

International Journal of Research in Dermatology ◽

10.18203/issn.2455-4529.intjresdermatol20170082 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (1) ◽

pp. 59

Author(s):

Sumyuktha J. ◽

Murali Narasimhan ◽

Parveen Basher Ahamed

Keyword(s):

Comparative Trial ◽

Treated Group ◽

Tinea Corporis ◽

Fungal Culture ◽

Tinea Cruris ◽

Complete Cure ◽

Group A ◽

Clinically Significant ◽

Group B ◽

Cure Rates

Background: Skin infections caused by dermatophyte fungi account for 6% of dermatology consultations at our hospital and 3 to 4% worldwide. A variety of antifungal agents are available for topical use. Terbinafine 1% cream is considered the first line topical medication in the treatment of dermatophytosis. Sertaconazole 2% cream is a relatively new drug having antifungal as well as antiflammatory property. In this prospective study we sought to compare the safety and efficacy of topical 2% Sertaconazole and 1% Terbinafine creams in the treatment of localized tinea cruris and/or tinea corporis.Methods: In this study, 80 patients were randomized into two groups of 40 each. Group A received 2% Sertaconazole cream while group B received Terbinafine 1% cream topical application twice daily for 4 weeks. Patients were followed up at the end of 2nd and 4th weeks for clinical, mycological (KOH mount and fungal culture) and complete cure (both clinical and mycological).Results: The mean age of the patients studied was 27.97 years. Complete cure was achieved in 59.5% and 80% in group A and 71.4% and 90.9% in group B at the end of 2nd and 4th weeks respectively. Significant P values were observed if the results were compared within the group, between baseline and 2 weeks, baseline and 4th week and also 2nd and 4th week. Clinically significant side effects were not observed in both the groups. Conclusions: Although higher cure rates were observed in the Terbinafine treated group, the results were not statistically significant. It can be concluded from our study that Sertaconazole 2% cream is similar in efficacy to Terbinafine 1% cream in the treatment of localized tinea cruris and corporis.

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A clinicomycological study on chronic dermatophytosis in a tertiary care hospital in North India: An observational study

Our Dermatology Online ◽

10.7241/ourd.20214.5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 374-380

Author(s):

Rabiya Bashir ◽

Naina Kala Dogra ◽

Bella Mahajan

Keyword(s):

Trichophyton Rubrum ◽

Tertiary Care Hospital ◽

Tertiary Care ◽

Sun Exposure ◽

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽

The Body ◽

Tinea Corporis ◽

Fungal Culture ◽

Care Hospital ◽

Chronic Dermatophytosis

Background: Chronic dermatophytosis is a considerable challenge in routine clinical practice. There is, however, scarce information available in the literature on its extent and characteristics. Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the host-related factors of chronic dermatophytosis and to identify the common fungal isolates. Methods: The study enrolled a total of 145 cases of chronic dermatophytosis attending the out-patient department of a tertiary care hospital in Jammu from November 2017 through October 2018. A detailed history was taken, followed by a clinical examination and investigations such as routine baseline investigations, an absolute eosinophil count, a wet mount for direct microscopy, and a fungal culture. Results: The most common presentation was tinea corporis with tinea cruris (33.1%), followed by tinea corporis alone. The majority of the patients (54.5%) had more than 20% of the body surface area involved. Most of the patients were manual workers (n = 44; 30.3%). The number of hours of sun exposure varied between 1 to 8.5 hours (mean ± SD: 3.53 ± 1.75 h). The fungal culture was positive in 65 (44.8%) patients. The most frequent isolates were Trichophyton mentagrophytes (53.8%), followed by Trichophyton rubrum (38.5%). Conclusion: We found Trichophyton mentagrophytes the predominant pathogen in chronic dermatophytosis, followed by Trichophyton rubrum, which demonstrates a changing trend as far as the causative organism is considered. Besides, various risk factors for chronicity such as prolonged sun exposure, lack of proper hygiene, wearing tight-fitting synthetic clothes, the use of topical steroids, and non-compliance to treatment were identified.

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Case Report of Onychomycosis and Tinea Corporis Due to Microsporum gypseum

Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.1177/1203475417724439 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 94-96 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Jesse M. Fike ◽

Ramya Kollipara ◽

Suzanne Alkul ◽

Cloyce L. Stetson

Keyword(s):

Clinical Manifestations ◽

Human Infection ◽

Tinea Corporis ◽

Microsporum Gypseum ◽

Fungal Culture ◽

Nail Dystrophy ◽

The Past ◽

Geophilic Dermatophyte ◽

Phylogenetic Evolution ◽

Extended Course

Background: Microsporum gypseum is a geophilic dermatophyte that colonises keratinous substances in the soil. Fur-bearing animals carry this dermatophyte but are rarely infected. Human infection can be acquired from the soil, carrier or infected animals, and rarely other humans. M gypseum is an uncommon cause of cutaneous infection in humans and typically manifests as tinea corporis, tinea barbae, and tinea capitis. Onychomycosis is rarely caused by M gypseum. Case Summary: We present a case of a 32-year-old white man who presented with a red scaly rash and nail dystrophy after adopting a pet rat 10 years prior to presentation. A fungal culture of a nail clipping grew out M gypseum, and the patient was treated with terbinafine daily for 6 weeks for dystrophic onychomycosis and tinea corporis. After the 6 weeks of treatment, the erythema at the proximal nail fold and distal finger had improved but still persisted. An additional 6 weeks of terbinafine daily completely resolved the clinical manifestations of onychomycosis. Conclusion: The increase in incidence of M gypseum onychomycosis over the past 2 decades is thought to be due to phylogenetic evolution of the dermatophyte from soil saprophyte to a human parasite. Increasing domestication of mammals is also thought to contribute to increasing incidence. Treatment consists of an extended course of terbinafine or itraconazole.

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Patient Profile Of Tinea Corporis In Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya From 2014 To 2015

Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi ◽

10.20473/jbe.v6i32018.200-208 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (3) ◽

pp. 200

Author(s):

Novita Oktaviana ◽

Arthur Pohan Kawilarang ◽

Damayanti

Keyword(s):

General Hospital ◽

Fungal Infections ◽

Age Groups ◽

Case Series ◽

Pharmacological Therapy ◽

Tinea Corporis ◽

Tinea Cruris ◽

Patient Profile ◽

Negative Results ◽

Outpatient Unit

Background: The prevalence of dermatophytosis in Indonesia reach 52% of all fungal infections and is dominated by tinea corporis. Purpose: This study aimed to describe the clinical profile of tinea corporis patients in the Outpatient Unit of Dermatology and Venereology, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya. Methods: This study was a descriptive study with a case series method from patient medical records in the mycology division of the Outpatient Unit of Dermatology and Venereology, Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Surabaya from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2015 with 339 samples. Results: This study showed that tinea corporis patients were dominated by women counting for 113 patients in 2014 and 84 in 2015. Tinea corporal patients were dominated by the post-puberty age group between 40 and 50 years. Tinea cruris is the most common comorbid infection in this case. There were 85.25% of patients who showed positive results for hyphae structure, 72.57% of patients showed negative results for blastospore structure, and 64.31% of patients showed negative results for examination of Wood’s lamp. There were 100 patients in 2014 and 86 patients in 2015 who received oral griseofulvin pharmacological therapy and 86.30% of these patients showed improvement in results after two weeks of treatment. Conclusion: Tinea corporis mostly attacks women and post-puberty age groups with tinea cruris as the most comorbid infections. The characteristic of tinea corporis could be shown as positive result for hyphae and negative for blastospore through the KOH test, and oral Griseofulvin is the most pharmacological therapy used for treatment

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Survey on common causative agents of dermatophytosis in El-Beida Libya

AL-MUKHTAR JOURNAL OF SCIENCES ◽

10.54172/mjsc.v34i3.275 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (3) ◽

pp. 137-145

Author(s):

Khawila S. O. Bubaker

Keyword(s):

Tinea Capitis ◽

Positive Culture ◽

Tinea Corporis ◽

Microsporum Canis ◽

Trichophyton Tonsurans ◽

Epidermophyton Floccosum ◽

Tinea Cruris ◽

Superficial Mycosis ◽

Causative Agents ◽

Common Clinical Finding

The aim of this study was to isolate and identify dermatomycosis causing dermatophysis in EL- Beida, Libya. In this study 253 cases of skin infection were collected from the dermatology unit at EL- Thoura hospital in EL- Beida, Libya. These cases clinically diagnosed as superficial mycosis ,130 ( 51.4%) were isolated from males and 123 ( 48.6% ) were females. These cases were classified into 5 groups according to age (1-10, 11-20, 21-31, 31-40 and above 40 year). Our results showed that young ages were more liable to infection than adult. The cases involved in this investigation represented different occupations. The highest incidence was recorded between school children 40.3 %, followed by workers, farmers and others 29.2%, house wives 17.8% while it was 12.6% among children less than 5 years. Concerning the clinical and mycological finding, it was noticed that 74 (63.8%) cases gave positive culture while the remaining cases were negative. Scalp infection was the most common clinical finding, in this study Tinea capitis was the most frequent 42.8% cases, Microsporum canis and Trich ophyton violaceum were the most common fungi isolated. Tinea corporis and Tinea cruris were diagnosed clinically in 68 (26.8%) cases, 24.4% were from Tinea corporis while the fungus isolated were Microsporum canis 41% , Epidermophyton floccosum 14% and Tinea cruris with incidence of 0.8% in which Trichophyton tonsurans was the only fungus isolated . Onychomycosis and Tinea pedis were seen in 3.4% and the most important isolated agents were Epidermophyton floccosum 50%, followed by Microsporum canis and Trichophyton rubrum 25% for each. This study demonstrates that the prevalence of dermatophytoses in EL- Beida cit, was high (47%), and was more common in males than females. The present study has also indicated that tinea capitis was the dominant (43%).

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Tinea Cruris and Tinea Corporis Masquerading as Tinea Indecisiva: Case Report and Review of the Literature

Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery ◽

10.2310/7750.2014.14057 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 171-176 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Sidharth Sonthalia ◽

Archana Singal ◽

Shukla Das

Keyword(s):

Trichophyton Mentagrophytes ◽

Etiologic Agent ◽

Tinea Corporis ◽

Review Of The Literature ◽

Unique Case ◽

Intradermal Testing ◽

Tinea Cruris ◽

Local Immunosuppression ◽

Oral Corticosteroids ◽

Oral Terbinafine

Background Tinea indecisiva is characterized by concentric scaly rings simulating tinea imbricata but caused by dermatophytes other than Trichophyton concentricum. Objective Tinea indecisiva has been rarely reported. We report a unique case and review of the previously reported cases, pathogenesis, and management. Methods An adult Indian man developed extensive tinea cruris and tinea corporis with concentric rings of scaly lesions over the groin, buttocks, and thighs following the use of oral corticosteroids and antifungal-steroid cream for 3 months. Mycologic and immunologic studies were performed for diagnosis. Results Diagnosis of tinea indecisiva was confirmed on the appearance of “ring-within-a-ring”; lesions clinically and isolation of Trichophyton mentagrophytes var. interdigitale as the etiologic agent on mycologic testing. Intradermal testing with Trichophyton extract showed fluctuating hypersensitivity responses. Four-week treatment with daily oral terbinafine resulted in complete resolution. Conclusion Tinea indecisiva should be considered in a patient with tinea imbricata-like lesions with local immunosuppression caused by a non-concentricum dermatophyte.

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