scholarly journals Phytotoxicity of exotic plants on the physiological potential of seeds of native species of caatinga

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 134 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Fraga Silva ◽  
Halina Stéffany Lopes Costa ◽  
Jesimiel Silva Viana ◽  
Ana Maria Oliveira Ferreira ◽  
Diego Sousa Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Biodiversity Loss ◽  
Exotic Plants ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Invasive Exotic

The introduction of species is one of the major causes of biodiversity loss. Invasive exotic plants adapt, propagate and dominate, damaging both natural processes and native species. Thus, the objective was to evaluate the allelopathic effect of three exotic species in the caatinga, on the physiological quality of native forest seeds. Aqueous extracts of leaves of Azadirachta indica, Prosopis juliflora and Cryptostegia madagascariensis were tested to evaluate their effect on the seed germination and seedling vigor of Piptadenia moniliformis, Mimosa tenuiflora and Mimosa caesalpiniaefolia. Seed germination of M. tenuiflora was inhibited by the aqueous extracts of P. juliflora and A. indica in 100% and 42%, respectively, with a reduced GVI with the extracts of P. juliflora and C. madagascariensis. Regarding AEI, P. juliflora extract had positive effect on P. moniliformis seeds and negative on M. tenuiflora seeds, close to -1. A reduction in height of P. moniliformis was observed when the seedlings were in contact with the extracts of the invasive plants studied. For M. tenuiflora, the extract of P. juliflora prevented the formation of seedlings, and M. caesalpiniaefolia presented higher inhibitory effect with extracts of P. juliflora and A. indica. Therefore, M. tenuiflora showed to be sensitive to P. juliflora phytotoxicity.

Allelopathic Potency and an Active Substance from Hairy Vetch

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weihong Sun ◽  
Guofeng Yang ◽  
Lili Cong ◽  
Juan Sun ◽  
Lichao Ma
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Root Length ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Growth Inhibitor ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Coumaric Acid ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

Background: Plant allelopathy refers to the release of chemicals from plants or microorganisms into the environment, may have direct or indirect, beneficial or harmful effects on other plants or microorganisms. When plants grow in an unfavorable environment,more allelochemicals will be secreted and the expression of allelopathic effects will increase, giving plants a certain competitive advantage. Hairy vetch is one of the most promising allelopathic crops and the aqueous extract of hairy vetch has an inhibitory effect on the root length and seedling height of grass crops. The current study aimed to study the allelopathic effect of hairy vetch on alfalfa, and exploring an ecological method to remove the root system of alfalfa.Methods: In this experiment, the allelopathic effects of the seeds, stems and leaves, roots extracts and root exudates (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 mg·mL-1) on the seed germination and seedling growth of alfalfa were evaluated. And the main allelopathic substances from the stem and leaf extract were isolated and identified using high performance liquid chromatography- mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS).Result: The results showed that all of the extracts can inhibit alfalfa seed germination and seedling growth and stem and leaf extract had the strongest inhibitory effect, especially for inhibiting the root growth. A main allelochemical substance, o-coumaric acid, was screened out and the root length of alfalfa was completely inhibited at 1.6 mg·mL-1 of o-coumaric acid. The findings of these experiments show hairy vetch has strong allelopathic effect on alfalfa and o-coumaric acid is a chemical growth inhibitor.

Inhibitory effect of aqueous extracts of Centaurea solstitialis subsp. schouwii on seed germination and growth of Sulla coronaria

Botany ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 273-281
Author(s):  
Chadlia Hachani ◽  
Mohammed S. Lamhamedi ◽  
Mejda Abassi ◽  
Zoubeir Béjaoui
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seedling Growth ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Centaurea Solstitialis ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Linear Relationships ◽  
Allelopathic Effects ◽  
Anthropogenic Threats ◽  
Sulla Coronaria

Biodiversity has been confronted with anthropogenic threats and several natural threats such as biological invasions. The success of these invasions involves phytotoxic products released by invasive plants that can exhibit allelopathic effects on target species. Thus, aqueous extracts from different parts of the Mediterranean yellow star-thistle [Centaurea solstitialis subsp. schouwii (DC.) Gugler], were tested for their allelopathic effects on seed germination and seedling growth of Sulla coronaria (L.). Bioassays were conducted in vitro to test the effects of the aqueous extracts of shoot, basal and root parts of C. solstitialis subsp. schouwii at two different concentrations (50 g·L−1 and 10 g·L−1). The concentrations of total polyphenols, flavonoids, and tannins of the extracts were also evaluated. Our results showed inhibitory effects on the germination and seedling growth of S. coronaria seedlings, particularly with the extract form the basal part, reaching 84%. This study confirms the linear relationships between the allelopathic effects of C. solstitialis subsp. schouwii and the polyphenol and flavonoid contents. However, further experiments are needed under field conditions to confirm the results obtained under laboratory conditions.

scholarly journals Biotesting the edafotopes of some species of broad-leaved trees in Ashinskiy state natural biological reserve (Chelyabinsk region)

2020 ◽  
pp. 84-93
Author(s):  
Павел Владимирович Левченко ◽  
Ирина Анатольевна Гетманец ◽  
Владимир Павлович Викторов
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Leaf Litter ◽  
Test Object ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Acer Platanoides ◽  
Ulmus Glabra ◽  
Chelyabinsk Region ◽  
Biological Reserve

Представлены результаты изучения аллелопатической активности Quercus robur L., Acer platanoides L., Ulmus glabra Huds методом биотестирования. Выявлены различия воздействия аллелохимикатов на прорастание семян и развитие проростков тест-объекта в контролируемых условиях. Показана корреляция концентрации водных вытяжек листового опада и аллелопатического эффекта, оказываемого ими, которая подтверждена анализом функции средней. Here we present the results of studying the allelopathic activity of Quercus robur L., Acer platanoides L., Ulmus glabra Huds by biotesting. We revealed differences in the effect of allelochemicals on seed germination and the development of seedlings of the test object under controlled conditions. The correlation of the concentration of aqueous extracts of leaf litter and the allelopathic effect exerted by them is shown. The mentioned correlation is confirmed by the analysis of the average function.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effect of Pinus roxburghii on an understorey plant, Bidens pilosa

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (10) ◽  
pp. 1446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neel Kant Sharma* ◽  
Daizy R. Batish ◽  
Harminder Pal Singh ◽  
R. K. Kohli
Keyword(s):  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Bidens Pilosa ◽  
Pinus Roxburghii ◽  
Needle Litter ◽  
Laboratory Bioassays ◽  
Understorey Plant

Allelopathic effect of Pinus roxburghii was studied on Bidens pilosa through laboratory and greenhouse experiments. The aqueous extracts of green needles, needle litter and bark were found to inhibit germination and initial growth of B. pilosa in laboratory bioassays. The inhibitory effect on germination root length, shoot length and biomass was also observed on amendment of powdered needle litter in soil in greenhouse pots. The inhibitory effect increased with increase in conc. of extracts or amount of litter amended. The amended soil was found to be rich in phenolics, the known potent allelochemics. The study indicates that such interactions may also be operational in forests of P. roxburghii.

The combined treatments of Canada goldenrod leaf extracts and cadmium pollution confer an inhibitory effect on seed germination and seedling development of lettuce

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Congyan Wang ◽  
Kun Jiang ◽  
Bingde Wu ◽  
Jiawei Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
Seed Germination ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Seedling Development ◽  
Combined Treatments ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Leaf Extracts ◽  
Allelopathic Effects

Increasing levels of heavy metals are released into ecosystems. The influence of heavy metal pollution on successful invasive species has raised considerable interest, particularly regarding potential allelopathic effects on seed germination and seedling development of native species. Adding heavy metals may alter or even enhance such allelopathic effects of invasive species. The aim of the present study was to address the combined treatments of the invasive species Canada goldenrod (Solidago canadensis L.) leaf extracts and cadmium (Cd) pollution on seed germination and seedling development of the homologous native species lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.). Results showed that the combined treatments of Canada goldenrod leaf extracts and Cd pollution significantly decreased seed germination and seedling development of lettuce compared with the control. In addition, the indices of allelopathic effects for all seed germination and seedling development indices of lettuce were less than zero under the combined treatments of high concentration of Canada goldenrod leaf extracts and Cd pollution (regardless of concentration). Thus, the combined treatments of high concentration of Canada goldenrod leaf extracts and Cd pollution pose an inhibitory effect on seed germination and seedling development of lettuce. Further, the combined treatments of high concentration of Canada goldenrod leaf extracts and Cd pollution (regardless of concentration) cause more toxic effects than the combined treatments of low concentration of Canada goldenrod leaf extracts and Cd pollution (regardless of concentration) on all seed germination and seedling development indices of lettuce. Thus, the inhibitory effects of Canada goldenrod on the seed germination and seedling development of co-occurring native species may be intensified at heavy invasion degrees under increased heavy metal pollution. Subsequently, the competitiveness and fitness of native species may be notably decreased via the reduced seed germination and seedling development and then the notorious invader can establish progressively-growing populations in the colonised ecosystems.

scholarly journals Allelopathic Effect of Leaf Extract of Two Wild Plants on Seed Germination, Shoot and Root Lengths of Two Weed Species; Portulacaoleracea and Chenopodium murale

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 929-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadi Awad Al-Harbi
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Wild Plants ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Chenopodium Murale

The present study aims to evaluate the effect of leaf extract of Rhanterium epapposum and Salsola imbricata at various concentrations (20%, 40%, and 60%) on the germination and shoot and root lengths of two weed species; Portulaca oleracea and Chenopodium murale. The present study findings proved that the inhibitory effect of seed germination and shoot and root lengths of the studied species was largely dependent on the concentration of R. epapposum and S.imbricata leaf extract. The results showed that the highest allelopathic effect on the germination of the seeds of C.murale by leaf extract of R. epapposum and S. imbricata especially at concentration of 40% and 60% . While the lowest effect was of the leaf extract of S.imbricata. However the concentration of 60% was higher on the germination of the seeds C. murale and P. oleracea. Results also showed that the root and shoot lengths of C. murael was more sensitive to allelochemicals of R. epapposum leaf extract compared to S.imbricata leaf extract. However, the root and shoot lengths of P. oleracea was more sensitive to allelochemicals of S. imbricata leaf extract compared to R.epapposum leaf extract. Hence, the present findings recommended using the R. epapposum leaf extract and S. imbricata leaf extract as a tool for weed management especially C. murale and P. oleracea.

Overcoming Dormancy and Influence of Light on the Physiological Quality of Senna cana (Fabaceae) Seeds

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jordânia X. Medeiros ◽  
Ana L. P. Feliciano ◽  
Valderez P. Matos ◽  
Girlânio H. Silva ◽  
Yana S. Lopes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Dormancy ◽  
Native Species ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Distilled Water ◽  
Light Regimes ◽  
Germination Process ◽  
Physiological Quality ◽  
Mean Germination Time

Environmental factors affect the germination process, like the presence of seed coat and the quality of light; these informations are still scarce for many native species from Brazil, especially for Senna cana, which there are no adequate standards and methodologies to be used in germination tests. The aim of this research was to recommend adequate pre-germinative treatment(s) to overcome seed dormancy, and determine the degree of influence of different light regimes in seed germination of S. cana. Two experiments were carried out: T1-evaluation of different methods of dormancy overcoming (intact seeds (control), T2-imbibition of the intact seeds for 24 hours (in distilled water), T3-scarified seeds with sandpaper n° 100 in the hilum opposite region, T4-scarified seeds with sandpaper n° 100 in the region the hilo opposite region and imbibition in water (in distilled water) for 24 hours; T5-imbibition in water at 80°C); 2-Influence of light quality on seed germination and vigor (white light, red light, far red light and absence of light). The evaluated parameters were: first germination count, percentage of germination, IVG (Germination speed index), MGT (Mean germination time). Treatments were compared by Tukey at 5% probability. The best method for overcoming seed dormancy was mechanical scarification with sandpaper nº 100. The germination of the seeds of S. cana can be classified as indifferent to the luminosity, despite germinative response be greater under white and red light.

scholarly journals Allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts from agro-industrial residues of pecan nut [Carya illinoinensis (Wangenh) C. Koch] and pinhão (Araucaria angustifolia)

2017 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 495-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Voltaire SANT'ANNA ◽  
Maico Ismael KLEIN ◽  
Elaine BIONDO ◽  
Eliane Maria KOLCHINSKI
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
In Vitro Tests ◽  
Allelopathic Effect ◽  
Lettuce Seed ◽  
Aqueous Extracts ◽  
Industrial Residues ◽  
Pecan Nutshell

Pinhão seed coat and pecan nutshell are residues widely produced in households and industries, which present great potential to be used as source of natural preservatives in the food chain. The objective of the present study is to evaluate the effectiveness of pinhão seed coat and pecan nutshell aqueous extracts in inhibiting seed germination. Extracts were obtained in concentration of 10g/L, 5g/L and 2.5g/L and tested against lettuce seed germination in vitro tests. The results show that both aqueous extract presented the significant (p<0.05) ability to inhibit seeds germination as well as the germination seed index, in relation to control experiments, when used in concentrations of up to 5g/L. Extracts did not interfere significantly (p>0.05) the germinated plant root size. Thus, aqueous extracts of agro-industrial residues from pinhão seed coat and pecan nutshell presents alellopathic activity, showing up as interesting alternative to be used as natural herbicide, also representing a way of solid waste management by industries and small farmers.

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