scholarly journals Economic Valuation of the Ecosystem Services of the Mesoamerican Reef, and the Allocation and Distribution of these Values

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Itziar Ruiz de Gauna ◽  
Anil Markandya ◽  
Laura Onofri ◽  
Francisco (Patxi) Greño ◽  
Javier Warman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Natural Capital ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Pharmaceutical Products ◽  
Western Hemisphere ◽  
Barrier Reef

Coral reefs are one of the most diverse and valuable ecosystems on Earth. The Mesoamerican Reef contains the largest barrier reef in the Western Hemisphere. However, its health is threatened, so there is a need for a management and sustainable conservation. Key to this is knowing the economic value of the ecosystem. “Mainstreaming the value of natural capital into policy decision-making is vital” The value of environmental and natural resources reflects what society is willing to pay for a good or service or to conserve natural resources. Conventional economic approaches tended to view value only in terms of the willingness to pay for raw materials and physical products generated for human production and consumption (e.g. fish, mining materials, pharmaceutical products, etc.). As recognition of the potential negative impacts of human activity on the environment became more widespread, economists began to understand that people might also be willing to pay for other reasons beyond the own current use of the service (e.g. to protect coral reefs from degradation or to know that coral reefs will remain intact in the future). As a result of this debate, Total Economic Value (TEV) became the most widely used and commonly accepted framework for classifying economic benefits of ecosystems and for trying to integrate them into decision-making. This report estimates the economic value of the following goods and services provided by the MAR's coral reefs: Tourism & Recreation, Fisheries, Shoreline protection. To our knowledge, the inclusion of non-use values in the economic valuation of the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System is novel, which makes the study more comprehensive.

scholarly journals Nature value: the evolution of this concept

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15
Author(s):  
Sabrina Soares da Silva ◽  
Ricardo Pereira Reis ◽  
Patrícia Aparecida Ferreira
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Human Action ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Environment Management ◽  
Goods And Services ◽  
Current Scenario ◽  
The Impact

More attention has been paid to environmental matters in recent years, mainly due to the current scenario of accentuated environmental degradation. The economic valuation of nature goods can contribute to the decision-making process in environment management, generating a more comprehensive informational base. This paper aims to present, in a historic perspective, the different concepts attributed to nature goods and were related to the current predominant perspectives of nature analyses. For this purpose, this paper presents the different concepts attributed to value since the pre-classical period, when nature were viewed as inert and passive providers of goods and services, this view legitimized nature's exploration without concern over the preservation and conservation of nature. The capacity of nature to absorb the impact of human action appears to be reaching its limit, considering the irreversibility, the irreproducibility and the possibility of collapse. The appropriate method for valuing natural resources is not known, but more important than the method is to respect and incorporate the particular characteristics of the nature goods into this process. These characteristics must be valuated in order to arrive at a more consistence approach to nature value and promote sustainability.

scholarly journals Economic valuation and mapping of Ecosystem Services in the context of protected area management (Natural Park of Serra de São Mamede, Portugal)

One Ecosystem ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristina Marta-Pedroso ◽  
Lia Laporta ◽  
Ivo Gama ◽  
Tiago Domingos
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ecosystem Services ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Data Availability ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Natural Park

Demonstrating economic benefits generated by protected areas is often pointed out as pivotal for supporting decision-making. We argue in this paper that the concept of ecosystem services (ES), defined as the benefits humans derive from ecosystems, provides a consistent framework to approach this issue as it links ecosystem functioning and benefits, including benefits with economic value. This study aimed at providing evidence on how to bring the economic value of protected areas to the decision-making process and contributing to extend current EU Member States' experience in mapping and assessing the economic value of ES in the context of the EU Biodiversity Strategy to 2020 (Action 5). In doing so, we used the Natural Park of Serra de S. Mamede (PNSSM), located in the Alentejo NUTS II region, as a case study. We followed a three-step approach to pursue our goals, entailing stakeholders' engagement for selecting relevant ES (through a participatory workshop), biophysical mapping of ES flows (based on a multi-tiered approach depending on data availability) and spatial economic estimation of such flows (using value transfer, willingness-to-pay and market price methods). Our results indicate that the ES with highest economic value are not always the ones with higher perceived value by stakeholders. For most ES, the economic value increased with increasing protection level within the park, except for the crop production service. Although no formal uncertainty or sensitivity analysis has been performed, the following range is based on a critical assessment of non-primary data used. We estimated the aggregate annual value of PNSSM to be 11 to 33M€/year (representing 0.1 to 0.3% of the regional NUTSII Alentejo Gross Domestic Product). Our findings reinforce the need to adopt mixes of monetary and non-monetary valuation processes and not to rely just on one approach or measure of value while bringing ES into protected areas management.

scholarly journals Dampak Kegiatan Pariwisata terhadap Status Tutupan Terumbu Karang dan Valuasi Ekonomi di Kepulauan Karimunjawa The Impact of Tourism Activities on The Status of Coral Reef Cover and Economic Valuation in Karimunjawa Island

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 72-80
Author(s):  
Ary Hendri Pribadi ◽  
Suryanti Suryanti ◽  
Churun Ain
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Coral Cover ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Travel Cost ◽  
Travel Cost Method ◽  
The Status ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Line Intercept

ABSTRAK Pulau Karimunjawa adalah salah satu objek destinasi wisata keindahan ekosistem terumbu karang. Kunjungan wisatawan di Karimunjawa dapat berdampak pada terumbu karang dan nilai ekonomi pariwisata. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan pada April-Mei 2019 di Kepulauan Karimunjawa, Kabupaten Jepara. Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk mengetahui dampak pariwisata terhadap nilai status tutupan terumbu karang dengan menggunakan metode Line Intercept Transect (LIT) di Pulau Tanjung Gelam, Pulau Menjangan Besar dan Pulau Cemara Kecil serta nilai valuasi ekonomi pariwisata dengan menggunakan metode biaya perjalanan atau Travel Cost Method (TCM). Hasil yang didapatkan dari penelitian ini yaitu jumlah kunjungan wisatawan yang datang ke Pulau Karimunjawa meningkat sejak tahun 2016 hingga tahun 2018. Kondisi status tutupan terumbu karang yang diperoleh dalam kondisi baik dengan nilai karang hidup yang didapatkan pada Pulau Tanjung Gelam 61,6%, Pulau Menjangan Besar 70,8% dan Pulau Cemara Kecil 57,3%. Luasan terumbu karang pada tahun 2016 hingga tahun 2018 di Pulau Mejangan Besar dan Cemara Kecil mengalami penurunan. Sedangkan nilai valuasi ekonomi tahun 2016 sejumlah Rp.125.426.860,- 2017 dan 2018 sejumlah Rp.135.437.480,- dan Rp.156.932.039,-. Dampak wisatawan yang berkunjung tahun 2016-2018 pada valuasi ekonominya tiap tahunnya mengalami peningkatan. Hasil nilai valuasi ekonomi yang didapatkan pada penelitian ini,nilai rata-rata TCM pada wilayah Kabupaten Jepara Rp.1.111.023,- dan nilai ekonomi pertahunnya Rp.3.369.031.988,-. Rata-rata biaya perjalanan luar wilayah Kabupaten Jepara Rp.1.146.314,- dan nilai biaya pertahunnya Rp.12.324.171.938,-. Nilai total valuasi ekonomi dari dalam wilayah Kabupaten Jepara dan luar wilayah Kabupaten Jepara yaitu Rp.156.693.203.925,-. ABSTRACT Karimunjawa Island is one of the tourist destinations of the beauty of the coral reef ecosystem. Tourist visits in Karimunjawa can have an impact on coral reefs and the economic value of tourism. This research was conducted in April-May 2019 in the Karimunjawa Islands, Jepara Regency. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of tourism on the status of coral cover status using the Line Intercept Transect (LIT) method on Tanjung Gelam Island, Menjangan Besar Island and Cemara Kecil Island and the economic valuation value of tourism using the travel cost method or the Travel Cost Method ( TCM). The results obtained from this study are the number of tourist arrivals to Karimunjawa Island increased from 2016 to 2018. The status of coral cover status obtained in good condition with the value of live coral obtained on Pulau Tanjung Gelam 61.6%; Pulau Menjangan Besar 70.8% and Pulau Cemara Kecil 57.3%. The extent of coral reefs in 2016 to 2018 on Pulau Mejangan Besar and Pulau Cemara Kecil declined. While the value of economic valuations in 2016 amounted to Idr.125,426,860,- 2017 and 2018 amounted to Idr.135,437,480,- and Idr.156,932,039,-. The impact of tourists visiting 2016-2018 on their economic valuations has increased each year. The results of the economic valuation obtained in this study, the average value of TCM in the Jepara Regency region is Idr.1,111,023, and the annual economic value is Idr.3,369,031,988. The average cost of trips outside the area of Jepara Regency is Idr.1,146,314, and the annual cost is Idr.12,321,171,938. The total value of economic valuations from within the Jepara Regency and outside the Jepara Regency is Idr.156,693,203,925. 

scholarly journals AN INSIGHT INTO THE ECONOMIC VALUE OF REEF ENVIRONMENTS THROUGH THE LITERATURE: THE CASE OF THE SEAFLOWER BIOSPHERE RESERVE

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luz Londoño Díaz ◽  
Myriam Vargas Morales
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Marine Protected Areas ◽  
Demand Function ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Biosphere Reserve ◽  
Reef Environments ◽  
Function Transfer ◽  
Insight Into

The Seaflwer Biosphere Reserve (SBR) is one of the few places in Colombia with a set of available studies on the economic value of its reef environments. This paper seeks to review the policy applications of these studies, and evaluate the use of benefi transfer (BT) methods to predict value estimates for sites in the SBR where no valuations have been performed. First, the paper provides an analysis and categorization of policy uses of existing results. A set of economic valuation studies were identifid as somewhat inflential in policy applications, because they provided fiancial sustainability tools for marine protected areas. A case study was selected from the pool of inflential studies in order to assess the viability of BT. Second, the viability of using BT for determining recreational values of coral reefs within the SBR was assessed by: i) implementing a demand function transfer between the Johnny Cay Regional Park and the Old Providence and McBean Lagoon National Park; and ii) by estimating a meta-analytic function transfer based on world-wide meta-data on the recreational value of coral reefs. Results suggested a potential for the use of BT to predict recreational values for coral reefs in the SBR. In particular, the metaanalytic results indicated low to moderate transfer errors for the SBR, suggesting the viability of this approach.

scholarly journals Valuasi Ekonomi Sumberdaya Ikan Dan Ekowisata Mangrove Di Muara Angke, Jakarta

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 458-464
Author(s):  
Septya Mega Mahardhika ◽  
Suradi Wijaya Saputra ◽  
Churun Ain
Keyword(s):  
Random Sampling ◽  
Land Use Changes ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Market Price ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Travel Cost ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Travel Cost Method ◽  
Mangrove Ecosystems

Muara Angke merupakan satu – satunya kawasan yang masih memiliki ekosistem mangrove di daerah pesisir Jakarta. Luas Muara Angke kurang lebih 964,98 ha dibagi menjadi tiga zona. Dua diantaranya berkontribusi pada sektor Perikanan dan Ekowisata, yaitu Pangkalan Pendaratan Ikan (PPI) dan Taman Wisata Alam Angke Kapuk (TWAAK). Kurangnya pemahaman umum tentang manfaat ekonomi ekosistem mangrove  menyebabkan masyarakat mengeksploitasi secara berlebihan sehingga terjadi perubahan penggunaan lahan. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui nilai ekonomi yang dihasilkan ekosistem mangrove berdasarkan dua aspek yaitu Perikanan Tangkap dan Ekowisata. Data Perikanan Tangkap menggunakan data sekunder dari Pengelola PPI Muara Angke tahun 2016 – 2017. Data sosial ekonomi diperoleh menggunakan  wawancara dengan bantuan kuesioner. Data biaya perjalanan rata – rata diperoleh dengan wawancara pengunjung TWAAK. Analisis Valuasi Ekonomi Perikanan Tangkap menggunakan Market Price Method. Analisis Valuasi Ekonomi Ekowisata Mangrove menggunakan Travel Cost Method. Metode penentuan 100 responden nelayan tangkap menggunakan Random Sampling sedangkan penentuan 100 responden pengunjung TWAAK menggunakan Accidental Sampling. Hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai ekonomi pada aspek perikanan tahun 2016 Rp. 13.148.945.100, tahun 2017 Rp.21.087.388.300 dan tahun 2018 Rp. 370.313.869.500. Hasil penelitian didapatkan nilai ekonomi ekowisata tahun 2018 Rp.40.28.400.000 Muara Angke is the only area that still has mangrove ecosystems in the coastal areas of Jakarta. Muara Angke area is approximately 964.98 ha divided into three zones. Two of them contribute to the Fisheries and Ecotourism sector, namely Fish Landing Base (PPI) and Angke Kapuk Nature Park (TWAAK). Lack of general understanding of the economic benefits of mangrove ecosystems causes people to over-exploit so that land use changes occur. The purpose of this study was to determine the economic value generated by mangrove ecosystems based on two aspects, namely Capture Fisheries and Ecotourism. Capture Fisheries Data uses secondary data from Muara Angke PPI Manager in 2016 - 2017. Socio-economic data were obtained using interview with Muara Angke fishermen with questionnaire assistance. Average travel cost data is obtained by interviewing TWAAK visitors. Capture Fisheries Economic Valuation Analysis using Market Price Method. Economic Valuation Analysis of Ecotourism Mangroves use the Travel Cost Method. The method of determining 100 respondents of capture fishermen uses Random Sampling while the determination of 100 respondents of TWAAK visitors uses Accidental Sampling. The results of the study obtained economic value in aspects of fisheries in 2016 Rp. 13,148,945,100, in 2017 Rp.21,087,388,300 and in 2018 Rp. 370,313,869,500. The results of the study obtained the economic value of ecotourism in 2018 Rp. 40.28.400.000

National Parks in Developed Countries

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leslie Richardson ◽  
Bruce Peacock
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Economic Values ◽  
Wide Range

Economics plays an important role not only in the management of national parks in developed countries, but also in demonstrating the contribution of these areas to societal well-being. The beneficial effect of park tourism on jobs and economic activity in communities near these protected areas has at times been a factor in their establishment. These economic impacts continue to be highlighted as a way to demonstrate the benefit and return on investment of national parks to local economies. However, the economic values supported by national parks extend far beyond local economic benefits. Parks provide unique recreation opportunities, health benefits, preservation of wildlife and habitat, and a wide range of ecosystem services that the public assigns an economic value to. In addition, value is derived from the existence of national parks and their preservation for future generations. These nonmarket benefits can be difficult to quantify, but they are essential for understanding and communicating the economic importance of parks. Economic methods used to estimate these values have been refined and tested for nearly seven decades, and they have come a long way in helping to elucidate the extent of the nonmarket benefits of protected areas. In many developed countries, national parks have regulations and policies that outline a framework for the consideration of economic values in decision-making contexts. For instance, large oil spills in the United States, such as the Exxon Valdez spill of 1989 and the Deepwater Horizon spill of 2010, highlighted the need to better understand public values for affected park resources, leading to the extensive use of nonmarket values in natural resource damage assessments. Of course, rules and enforcement issues vary widely across countries, and the potential for economics to inform the day-to-day operations of national parks is much broader than what is currently outlined in such policies. While economics is only one piece of the puzzle in managing national parks, it provides a valuable tool for evaluating resource tradeoffs and for incorporating public preferences into the decision-making process, leading to greater transparency and assurance that national parks are managed for the benefit of society. Understanding the full extent of the economic benefits supported by national parks helps to further the mission of these protected areas in developed countries.

scholarly journals Using Climate Forecasts for Drought Management

2006 ◽  
Vol 45 (10) ◽  
pp. 1353-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne C. Steinemann
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Climate Science ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Seasonal Forecasts ◽  
Climate Forecasts ◽  
Potential Benefits ◽  
State Water ◽  
Climate Prediction Center

Abstract Drought hazards, and the ability to mitigate them with advance warning, offer potentially valuable applications of climate forecast products. Yet the value is often untapped, owing to the gap between climate science and societal decisions. This study bridged that gap; it determined forecast needs among water managers, translated forecasts to meet those needs, and shaped drought decision making to take advantage of forecasts. NOAA Climate Prediction Center (CPC) seasonal precipitation outlooks were converted into a forecast precipitation index (FPI) tailored for water managers in the southeastern United States. The FPI expresses forecasts as a departure from the climatological normal and is consistent with other drought indicators. Evaluations of CPC seasonal forecasts issued during 1995–2000 demonstrated positive skill for drought seasons in the Southeast. In addition, using evaluation criteria of water managers, 88% of forecasts for drought seasons would have appropriately prompted drought responses. Encouraged by these evaluations, and the understandability of the FPI, state water managers started using the forecasts in 2001 for deciding whether to pay farmers to suspend irrigation. Economic benefits of this forecast information were estimated at $100–$350 million in a state-declared drought year (2001, 2002) and $5–$30 million in the other years (2003, 2004). This study provides four main contributions: 1) an investigation of the needs and potential benefits of seasonal forecast information for water management, 2) a method for translating the CPC forecasts into a format needed by water managers, 3) the integration of forecast information into agency decision making, and 4) the economic valuation of that forecast information.

scholarly journals Kajian Kondisi dan Nilai Ekonomi Manfaat Ekosistem Terumbu Karang di Pantai Wediombo, Kabupaten Gunung Kidul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 82
Author(s):  
Heriawan Maulana ◽  
Sutrisno Anggoro ◽  
Bambang Yulianto
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Common Property ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Percent Cover ◽  
Coral Reef Ecosystems ◽  
Line Intercept

ABSTRAKPerairan Wediombo Kabupaten Gunung Kidul yang telah ditetapkan sebagai Pencadangan Kawasan Konservasi Perairan Daerah pada tahun 2013. Pemanfaatan wilayah Pantai Wediombo oleh masyarakat sebagai lokasi pendaratan ikan dan pariwisata mengakibatkan peningkatan tekanan terhadap ekosistem perairan khususnya terumbu karang. Sebagai common property, kerusakan ekosistem terumbu karang tidak dirasakan sebagai kerugian ekonomi sehingga eksploitasi dari manfaat ekosistem terumbu karang menjadi tidak terkendali. Pengelolaan Pantai Wediombo menjadi tantangan bagi stakeholder untuk dapat mengoptimalkan pemanfaatan jasa lingkungan bagi kesejahteraan masyarakat. Salah satu komponen upaya pengelolaannya yaitu dengan melakukan pemantauan kondisi terumbu karang di Pantai Wediombo. Valuasi ekonomi ekosistem termbu karang merupakan instrumen untuk menilai produk dan jasa yang dihasilkan oleh ekosistem terumbu karang. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kondisi ekosistem terumbu karang yang diwakili oleh persen tutupan terumbu karang dan nilai manfaat ekosistem terumbu karang yang diwakili oleh produk perikanan yang dihasilkan dari ekosistem terumbu karang di Pantai Wediombo. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei. Metode pengumpulan data kondisi terumbu karang mengacu pada metode Line Intercept Transect (LIT). sedangkan nilai ekonomi manfaat ekosistem terumbu karang dihitung menggunakan metode Effect on Productivity. Pada penelitian diperoleh hasil prosentase tutupan terumbu karang di Pantai Wediombo sebesar 25,29% dengan status kondisi rusak sedang. nilai ekonomi aktual ekosistem terumbu karang di Pantai Wediombo sebesar Rp. 634.553.504,-, sedangkan nilai manfaat sekarang dari ekosistem terumbu karang di Pantai Wediombo sebesar Rp. 20.304.872,-.Kata kunci: Ekosistem Terumbu Karang, Valuasi Ekonomi, Pantai Wediombo ABSTRACTBodies Wediombo Gunung Kidul regency which has been designated as a Local Backup Water Conservation Area in 2013. Utilization Wediombo Turkish territory by the public as a fish landing site and tourism resulted in increased pressure on aquatic ecosystems, especially coral reefs. As common property, damage to coral reefs is not perceived as economic losses so that the exploitation of the benefits of coral reef ecosystems had become unmanageable. Wediombo Coastal management is a challenge for stakeholders to be able to optimize the use of environmental services for the welfare of society. One component management efforts is by monitoring the condition of coral reefs in Wediombo Beach. Economic valuation of coral ecosystems termbu is an instrument to assess the products and services produced by a coral reef ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to determine the condition of coral reef ecosystems are represented by percent cover of coral reefs and coral reef ecosystems benefit value represented by the fishery products produced from coral reef ecosystems Wediombo Beach. The method used is a survey method. Methods of data collection coral reef condition refers to a method Line Intercept Transect (LIT). while the economic value of coral reef ecosystem benefits are calculated using methods Effect on Productivity. In the research results the percentage of coral reef cover in Turkish Wediombo of 25.29% with a damaged condition status. the true economic value of coral reef ecosystems Wediombo Coast of Rp. 634 553 504, -, while the value of current benefits of coral reef ecosystems Wediombo Coast of Rp. 20,304,872, -.Keywords:  Coral Reef Ecosystems, Economic Valuation, Turkish WediomboCara sitasi: Maulana, H., Anggoro, S., Yulianto, B. (2016). Kajian Kondisi dan Nilai Ekonomi Manfaat Ekosistem Terumbu Karang di Pantai Wediombo, Kabupaten Gunung Kidul, Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan,14(2),82-87, doi:10.14710/jil.14.2.82-87

scholarly journals ESTIMASI DANA MASYAKARAT MELALUI VALUASI EKONOMI KERUSAKAN TERUMBU KARANG DI DESA POKA KOTA AMBON

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 42
Author(s):  
Eygner Talakua
Keyword(s):  
Coral Reef ◽  
Coral Reefs ◽  
Willingness To Pay ◽  
Economic Valuation ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Rehabilitation Program ◽  
Anthropogenic Pressure ◽  
Community Perception ◽  
Reef Management ◽  
The People

Ambon Bay, Ambon City is a region with high anthropogenic pressure and is very influential on coastal and marine resources, especially coral reefs. Damage to coral reefs in Ambon Bay occurred in Poka Village, handling has been done through the rehabilitation program with coral transplantation techniques, but the need for support and community participation in its management. One of the factors not yet successful management of coral reefs is lack of funds, whereas according to the rules of fund of coral reef management activities one of them can be sourced from the community. This study aims to determine the perception of the community on the existence of coral reefs, analyze the economic value of coral reef damage, and estimate community funds to repair damage to coral reefs in Poka Village, Ambon City. The study was conducted from January to May 2018 using case study method. A sample of 107 heads of households was obtained through proposive sampling and techniques of economical sampling of economies. The data analysis consisted of the analysis of community perception using the likeness scale on three indicators: knowledge, benefit, and coral reef damage; analysis of non-market economic valuation through CVM method; and estimates of community funds through the calculation of the total value of willingness to pay based on the number of people who are willing.The results showed that: 1). The perception of most of the people is very know and know the existence of coral reefs in Poka Village, only a small perception of hesitate and do not know; 2). There is a relationship of perception and willingness to pay the community to repair damage to coral reefs in Poka Village; 3). The economic value of coral reef damage is Rp. 4.288.000, - / month or Rp 51.456.000, - / year; and 4.) The estimation of community fund for coral reef damage in Poka Village is Rp 3,888,322,95 / month or Rp 46,659,875,46 / year.

scholarly journals Economic Value of Meteorological Services to Switzerland’s Airlines: The Case of TAF at Zurich Airport

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 264-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan von Gruenigen ◽  
Saskia Willemse ◽  
Thomas Frei
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Transport Sector ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Service Areas ◽  
Domestic Airlines ◽  
Economic Need ◽  
Decision Making Model

AbstractJust as in other state-subsidized service areas, in the field of aviation weather there is political pressure as well as a growing economic need to substantiate or at least evaluate the economic benefits of meteorological information. The research presented in this paper has been conducted as part of a broad study concerning the economic benefits of the meteorological services in the Swiss transport sector. For the aviation sector, interviews revealed that meteorological information is a pivotal input factor in the decision-making process of airlines: In addition to security and safety purposes, airlines use meteorological information to optimize the economic efficiency of daily operations as well as for strategic decisions regarding flight routes and flight planning.In this paper a decision-making model is used to evaluate at least part of the economic benefits of the meteorological services to Switzerland’s domestic airlines by analyzing the use of terminal aerodrome forecasts (TAF) at Zurich Airport (Switzerland). By lowering the probability of costly wrong decisions, meteorological information generates direct economic benefits for the airlines. The total benefits for all domestic airlines at Zurich Airport amount to between 11 and 17 million Swiss francs per year [12 to 18 million USD; 1 U.S. dollars (USD) = 0.934 Swiss francs (CHF), average exchange rate 2012]. By extrapolating the results based on the number of flights, the total economic benefits of TAF to Switzerland’s domestic airlines at both main Swiss airports (Zurich and Geneva) add up to somewhere between 13 and 21 million Swiss francs per year (14 to 22 million USD).

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