The Two “Identical” Freiburg Charters of 1275: a Lengthy Draft

Istoriya ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9 (107)) ◽  
pp. 0
Author(s):  
Pavel Blokhin
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
City Councils ◽  
The Will ◽  
The City

The present article is a study of the lengthy draft of the 1275 Freiburg legislation. The document did not become an official charter, but remained only a draft. The lengthy draft modified and supplemented some of the provisions of an earlier charter, the short draft of 1275, and an even earlier city law book, the 1218 Stadtrodel. There are new laws related to civil law in the lengthy draft. At the will of the lord of the city, additions were made to the text of the charter, regulating the levying of land taxes (der Zins) on townsfolk and restricting the ability of fugitive dependents from lords’ estates to reside in Freiburg. The main changes relate to the activities of city councils. In contrast to the short draft, the lengthy draft sets out the powers of the so-called Junior Council. Despite the fact that the lengthy draft did not become official laws, it became the basis for writing the current city charter of 1293.

ADMINISTRATIVE AND LEGAL STATUS OF THE CAPITAL OF UKRAINE - THE HERO CITY OF KYIV AS A GUARANTEE OF THE RIGHTS OF CITIZENS OF UKRAINE AND THE TERRITORIAL COMMUNITY OF THE CITY

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oleksii Chepov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Legal Regime ◽  
Legal Doctrine ◽  
City Councils ◽  
The Social ◽  
District Management ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City

The qualitative and clear definition of the legal regime of the capital of Ukraine, the hero city of Kyiv, is influenced by its legislative enshrinement, however, it should be noted that discussions are ongoing and one of the reasons for the unclear legal status of the capital is the ambiguity of current legislation in this area. Separation of the functions of the city of Kyiv, which are carried out to ensure the rights of citizens of Ukraine and the functions that guarantee the rights of the territorial community of the city of Kyiv. In the modern world, in legal doctrine and practice, the capital is understood as the capital of the country, which at the legislative level received this status and, accordingly, is the administrative and political center of the state, which houses the main state bodies and diplomatic missions of other states. It is the identification of the boundaries of the relationship between the competencies of state administrations and local self-government, in practice, often raises questions about their delimitation and ways of regulatory solution. Peculiarities of local self-government in Kyiv city districts are defined in the provisions of the Law on the Capital, which reveal the norms of the Constitution in these legal relations, according to which the issue of organizing district management in cities belongs to city councils. Likewise, it is unregulated by law to lose the particularity of the legal status of the territory of the city. It should be emphasized that the subject of administrative-legal relations is not a certain administrative-territorial entity, but the social group is designated - the territorial community of the city of Kiev, kiyani. Thus, the provisions on the city of Kyiv partially ignore the potential of the territorial community.

Municipal Government in 1917: against the Provisional Government and the Bolsheviks (Based on Materials of Yaroslavl and Kostroma Governorates)

2021 ◽  
pp. 156-174
Author(s):  
Yuliya Krasovskaya ◽  
Dmitriy Khristenko
Keyword(s):  
Municipal Government ◽  
The Political ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Political Struggle ◽  
Soviet Government ◽  
City Councils ◽  
Food Shortages ◽  
Democratic Elections ◽  
The City ◽  
Revolutionary Period

The article discusses activities of municipal government in the inter-revolutionary period andtheir relationship with the Provisional Government and the Bolshevik’s Soviets on the example of Yaroslavl and Kostroma Gover-norates. As a result of democratic elections in the city councils, the majority in-cluded representatives of moderate socialist parties such as the Mensheviks and the Socialist Revolutionaries. Based on the analysis of archival sources, the au-thors investigate the ways and methods of the urban socialist self-government’s activities in the context of a comprehensive crisis. In both governorates, munici-palities were unable to solve any of the pressing problems vital to the population like food shortages, public order, and the functioning of the urban economy. Their main concern was the political struggle and confrontation between repre-sentatives of various factions on issues far from the area of their direct respon-sibility. By their activity, and in other cases by inaction, they firstly acted actu-ally against the Provisional Government, and then against the Soviets. The inability to justify hopes in resolving key problems caused the loss of credibility in the eyes of the citizens and the Soviet government. As a result, the city coun-cils became unnecessary to both of them.

Erkenntnis und Liebe. Zur Nähe und Ferne zwischen Heinrich Barths und Søren Kierkegaards Verständnis von Gemeinschaft

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 291-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna Berres
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Fundamental Form ◽  
Human Existence ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Will

AbstractAppearances to the contrary notwithstanding, the present article belongs neither in the category of source-work studies nor in that of history of reception; for it aims, in a purely systematical fashion, to outline and at the same time facilitate and prepare for a dialogue between Karl Barth’s lesser-known brother, philosopher Heinrich Barth (1890 – 1965), and Kierkegaard: in particular, between their—as it turns out, strikingly similar or at least complementary—views on human existence as co-existence or as a fundamental form of (being in) community. Accordingly, the article does not rest content with, much less restrict itself to a mere comparison and/or paraphrase of the respective views. It much rather seeks to explore critically the key claims: (a) human existence is essentially co-existence or being in community; (b) co-existence is basically dialogical, hence language-dependent; (c) dialogues must be performed in order possibly to be successful; (d) their actual success is a matter of contingency and thus cannot be guaranteed by a mere fiat of the will.

ASIF Approach to Solve the Green Traveling Salesman Problem

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed Haroun Sabry ◽  
Jamal Benhra ◽  
Abdelkabir Bacha
Keyword(s):  
Objective Function ◽  
Ant Colony Optimization ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Traveling Salesman Problem ◽  
Real World ◽  
Transportation Problem ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Traveling Salesman ◽  
Web Based ◽  
The City

The present article describes a contribution to solve transportation problems with green constraints. The aim is to solve an urban traveling salesman problem where the objective function is the total emitted CO2. We start by adapting ASIF approach for calculating CO2 emissions to the urban logistics problem. Then, we solve it using ant colony optimization metaheuristic. The problem formulation and solving will both work under a web-based mapping platform. The selected problem is a real-world NP-hard transportation problem in the city of Casablanca.

Bar-Dancing, Palm Wine, and Letters

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-154
Author(s):  
Danielle Porter Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Sense Of Control ◽  
World War ◽  
Palm Wine ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Will ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

Abstract This article focuses on the militarization of social life and leisure in Brazzaville during the Second World War and argues that efforts to instill a sense of control over the city could only suppress life so much, as many Congolese people were unwilling to completely succumb to the will of the administration in a war that seemed to offer very little to their communities or their city as a whole. Furthermore, drinking and dancing served as opportunities to engage with issues of class and race in the wartime capital of Afrique Française Libre. The history of alcohol consumption in Brazzaville is not simply the story of choosing whether or not to drink (or allow others to drink); rather, it is one of many stories of colonial control, exploitation, and racism that plagued Europe’s colonies in Africa during the Second World War.

Urban Change in Early Medieval Italy: The Example of Pavia

1966 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 82-130 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. A. Bullough
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Social History ◽  
Middle Ages ◽  
Early Medieval ◽  
Medieval Studies ◽  
Medieval Italy ◽  
Warm Hospitality ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

Prefatory Note.—My interest in Pavia goes back at least to 1951 when I was elected Rome Scholar in Medieval Studies. I began seriously to collect material for the history of the city in the early Middle Ages in the winter and spring of 1953 when I enjoyed the warm hospitality of the Collegio Ghislieri, thanks to the efforts made on my behalf by the late Hugh Last, to whose memory this article is dedicated. The published proceedings of the Reichenau and Spoleto congresses on ‘The early medieval town’ in the 1950s clearly underlined the need for detailed studies of particular towns; but the lack of adequate archaeological evidence discouraged me from attempting such a study of early medieval Pavia. In 1964, however, Dr. A. Peroni, Director of the Museo Civico invited me to read a supplementary paper on this topic to the Convegno di Studio sul Centro Storico di Pavia held in the Università degli Studi at Pavia on July 4th and 5th of that year. The present article is an amplified and corrected version of that paper: I have made no substantial alterations to my account of the ‘urbanistica’ of early medieval Pavia—written for an audience of architects and art-historians as well as of historians—but have dealt more fully with the social history of the city in this period. Professor Richard Krautheimer read a draft of the revised version and made some pointed and helpful comments. I am greatly indebted to Dr. Peroni, not merely for the invitation to present the original paper but also for supplying illustrations and answering queries at a time when he and his staff were engaged in helping to repair the ravages of the Florence floods.

scholarly journals Relevant Issues of the Judicial Practice in Intellectual Property Protection

CIVIL LAW ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 7-10
Author(s):  
Konstantin A. Kirsanov ◽  
◽  
Olga N. Barmina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Intellectual Property ◽  
Present Article ◽  
Civil Law ◽  
Intellectual Property Protection ◽  
Judicial Practice ◽  
Main Current ◽  
A Company

Intellectual property is currently one of the key areas of modern civil law relations. In the present article, the authors reviewed and summarized the main current areas of judicial practice in the field of violations related to the exclusive rights to a company name, characters and trademarks.

scholarly journals Lo smarrimento come inizio in alcuni testi di Giuseppe Culicchia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 81-93
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Puto
Keyword(s):  
Present Article ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Cultural Anthropology ◽  
Human Mind ◽  
Space And Place ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Getting Lost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
Dimensions Of Space

The aim of the present article is to analyze the relationship between the city and the protagonists of Giuseppe Culicchia’s texts. The methodological perspective is that of cultural anthropology, in particular the concept of mente locale, discussed by Franco La Cecla. Mente locale, as a relationship between space and human mind, is vital in the act of getting lost in space (perdersi), which leads to getting to know it (orientarsi) and finally initiating the profound relationship based on emotivity. Culicchia’s texts are set in Turin, and the study points out the different ways of perception of the city. The analyzed texts represents the gradual acquisition of knowledge about the city that corresponds to the theoretical thesis that is how the anthropology of space and place illustrates the conceptual and material dimensions of space which is central to the production of social life, bringing classics of cultural anthropology together with new theoretical approaches.

scholarly journals Traces of French Culture in Palanga: The Historical Context of Palanga Botanical Park, Personalities, and Memory

Lituanistica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Julija Paškevičiūtė
Keyword(s):  
Local Community ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Public ◽  
Seaside Resort ◽  
French Culture ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Will ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The City ◽  
The Town

The article focuses on the origins of French culture in Palanga, a Lithuanian seaside resort, that go back to the years of the rule of the Tyszkiewicz family. The emphasis is put on Palanga Botanical Park (created before the end of the nineteenth century) as the most significant trace of French culture present in the resort and the seaside region until now. The specific symbols in the park created according to the will of the Counts Tyszkiewicz reflect the actualities of French culture. The importance of this space in the city is revealed, and Édouard François André’s principles of park creation are discussed in a new context. They are related to the dialogue that has been established between the residents of Palanga, the park, its creator, and his granddaughter Florence André since the first years of the independence of Lithuania. In order to give a meaning to Édouard André’s creation and to the relationship between the two countries, the correspondence between the great-granddaughter of the famous French landscape designer and the former director of the park, Antanas Sebeckas, is disclosed. It reflects the endeavour of these two personalities and its value for the international relations in representing French culture to the public. Florence André’s letters to the author of this article are also an important resource as she explains the reasons why the park plays an essential role in Palanga. It is shown how certain personal life events (Florence André’s wedding ceremony in Palanga, the park created by her great-grandfather) have become an inclusive part of the history of the town and represent intercultural relations and exchanges. The article is also based on some memories and narratives of the members of the local community in which the park features as a symbol and tradition of the city.

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