scholarly journals Evaluation of sedative and hypnotic activities of ethanolic extract of leaves of Cleome rutidosperma DC. (Capparidaceae) in mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 215-223
Author(s):  
Md. Shahed-Al-Mahmud
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Experimental Result ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hole Board ◽  
Depression Management ◽  
Thiopental Sodium ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Cleome Rutidosperma

Cleome rutidosperma DC. (Capparidaceae) traditionally used medicine for insomnia and depression management. The aim of the recent study conducted to investigate the sedative and hypnotic activities of ethanolic extract from the leaves of C. rutidosperma (EECR) in Swiss Albino mice. Neuropharmacological test on mice employed to this study sedative (open field, hole cross, hole- board and rota-rod tests) and hypnotic (thiopental sodium-induce sleeping test) activities of EECR in mice model. The acute toxicity study and phytochemical analysis of EECR also carried out. EECR exhibits significant (p<0.001) sedative effect by decreasing the number of (square and hole) crossed by mice in open field and hole cross tests as a dose-dependent (100-400mg/kg) manner. Hole-board test significantly (p<0.001) decreased the number of head dips and showed the similar effect as diazepam (1mg/kg) in a dose-dependent manner. Rota-rod test also explicit significant (p<0.001) decreased the performance time as well as increased number of falls in a dose-dependent manner. Thiopental sodium-induce sleeping test expressed that EECR significantly (p<0.001) produce shortening latency period and prolonging the sleeping time in a dose-dependent (100- 400mg/kg) manner. The experimental result indicates, C. rutidosperma containing phytochemicals that possess sedative and hypnotic activity which traditionally used as insomnia and depression management.   Keywords: Cleome rutidosperma; Capparidaceae; Sedative; Hypnotic; Phytochemicals  

scholarly journals Evaluation of Sedative and Hypnotic Activity of Ethanolic Extract ofScoparia dulcisLinn.

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md. Moniruzzaman ◽  
Md. Atikur Rahman ◽  
Afia Ferdous
Keyword(s):  
Open Field ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Perennial Herb ◽  
Reference Drug ◽  
Scoparia Dulcis ◽  
Hole Board ◽  
Thiopental Sodium ◽  
Whole Plants ◽  
Hypnotic Activity

Scoparia dulcisLinn. (SD) is a perennial herb that has been well studied for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic, and hepatoprotective effects. However, scientific information on SD regarding the neuropharmacological effect is limited. This study evaluated the sedative and hypnotic effect of the ethanolic extract of whole plants ofScoparia dulcis(EESD). For this purpose, the whole plants ofS. dulciswere extracted with ethanol following maceration process and tested for the presence of phytochemical constituents. The sedative and hypnotic activity were then investigated using hole cross, open field, hole-board, rota-rod, and thiopental sodium-induced sleeping time determination tests in mice at the doses of 50, 100, and 200 mg/kg of EESD. Diazepam at the dose of 1 mg/kg was used as a reference drug in all the experiments. We found that EESD produced a significant dose-dependent inhibition of locomotor activity of mice both in hole cross and open field tests (P<0.05). Besides, it also decreased rota-rod performances and the number of head dips in hole-board test. Furthermore, EESD significantly decreased the induction time to sleep and prolonged the duration of sleeping, induced by thiopental sodium. Taken together, our study suggests that EESD may possess sedative principles with potent hypnotic properties.

scholarly journals Chemical Composition, Toxicity and Vasodilatation Effect of the Flowers Extract ofJasminum sambac(L.) Ait. “G. Duke of Tuscany”

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Phanukit Kunhachan ◽  
Chuleratana Banchonglikitkul ◽  
Tanwarat Kajsongkram ◽  
Amonrat Khayungarnnawee ◽  
Wichet Leelamanit
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Cardiac Glycosides ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Flower Extract ◽  
Jasminum Sambac ◽  
Dose Dependent

Phytochemical analysis of the ethanolic Jasmine flower extract ofJasminum sambac(L.) Ait. “G. Duke of Tuscany” revealed the mixtures of coumarins, cardiac glycosides, essential oils, flavonoids, phenolics, saponins, and steroids. However, alkaloids, anthraquinones, and tannins were not detected. By intravenous injection at a single dose of 0.5 mL/mouse (15 mg) of the flower extract, no systemic biological toxicity demonstrated in ICR mice was observed. In Wistar rats, the LD50of the extract was higher than 5,000 mg/kg BW by oral administration. Vasodilatation effect of the 95% ethanolic extract on isolated aortic rats was also investigated. Compared with the control group, the Jasmine flowers extract in 0.05% DMSO clearly reduced tonus of isolated endothelium thoracic aortic rings preconstricted with phenylephrine (10−6 M), as a dose-dependent manner. Nevertheless, this pharmacological effect disappeared after the preincubation of the rings with atropine (10−6 M) or withNω-nitro-L-arginine (10−4 M). These are possibly due to the actions of the active components on the vessel muscarinic receptors or by causing the release of nitric oxide.

Pharmacognostical Standardization and Pharmacological Potential of Elaeocarpus ganitrus Leaves as an Antiulcer Agent

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 4162-4169
Author(s):  
Mayank Kulshreshtha ◽  
Manjul Pratap Singh
Keyword(s):  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Histopathological Analysis ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Soluble Extract ◽  
Biochemical Studies ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Dose Dependent

Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb, (E. ganitrus) known as Rudraksha belongs to family- Eleocarpaceae. It has a reflecting position in Hinduism and Ayurveda whereas traditionally it has mentioned to cure various health problems like fever, skin diseases, mental problems, wound healing etc. The present study was designed to study the microscopic and macroscopic analysis, physiochemical parameters, quantitative microscopy, phytochemical screening of E. ganitrus leaves as per WHO guidelines and evaluate the antiulcer potential of aqueous extract of E. ganitrus (AEEG) and ethanolic extract of E. ganitrus (EEEG) at the doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg using pylorus ligation induced ulcers model, biochemical parameters. Hepatic, cardiac, hematological parameters have also done to find out the effect of different extracts on other major organs. Microscopic analysis proved the presence of covering trichomes, upper epidermis, lower epidermis, stomata, phloem, xylem etc. Ash value, water soluble ash, acid soluble ash, water soluble extract, alcohol soluble extract, loss on drying, swelling index, foaming index found to be 4.3 ± 0.52, 0.2 ± 0.33, 2.0 ± 0.2, 13.7 ± 0.25, 12.5 ± 0.55, 9.8 ± 0.23, 3.6 ± 0.04, more than 100. Different quantitative parameters were found out. Phytochemical analysis of different extracts showed the presence of various primary and secondary metabolite like alkaloids, glycosides, tannin, phenolic compounds etc. Pharmacological potential showed that extracts treated, and sucralfate treated groups showed significantly decreases in ulcer index in all above-mentioned models, biochemical studies clearly showed significant decreases in volume, pH, free acidity, total acidity of gastric content and increases in gastric mucus parameters like protein, total hexoses, hexosamine, fucose, sialic acid and DNA level. The level of antioxidant enzymes like LPO (Lipid peroxidation), SOD (Superoxide dimutase) were decreased and CAT (Catalase) level was increased. Level of PC (Plasma corticosterone) was decreased. Hematological, hepatic, cardiac parameters found to be normal during extracts treatment. Histopathological analysis clearly supports the biochemical studies at various doses and it was found to be effective in dose dependent manner. The obtained scientific data may be helpful to prepare the monograph of the plant and E. ganitrus has antiulcer potential in a dose dependent. Detailed study needed for better exposure of plant.

PROTECTIVE ROLE OF FICUS RACEMOSA IN DIABETES INDUCED NEUROPATHY: STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL EVIDENCES

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
N Solanki ◽  
◽  
S. K Bhavsar
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Ficus Racemosa ◽  
Dose Dependent

Ficus racemosa is used in traditional system of medicine for various health problems and diseases, and is commonly known as Gular fig. The main objective was to study its effects against streptozotocin induced diabetic neuropathy by structural and functional marker. Investigation of diabetic neuropathy was carried out through functional and structural assessment in streptozotocin induced in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were treated for 28 days in dose dependent manner of Ficus racemosa aqueous extract (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) and ethanolic extract (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg). Study showed marked protection observed by Ficus racemosa in hippocampus region of brain and sciatic nerve tissues. Ficus racemosa treatment showed improvement in functional and structural markers, which strongly suggest its protective role in diabetic neuropathy.

scholarly journals PRELIMINARY PHYTOCHEMICAL SCREENING AND EVALUATION OF ANALGESIC AND MUSCLE RELAXANT ACTIVITY OF THE ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF THE LEAVES OF MIRABILIS JALAPA

2017 ◽  
pp. 81-84
Author(s):  
Deepsikha Bharali ◽  
Dipankar Saha
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Relaxant ◽  
Diclofenac Sodium ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Phytochemical Screening ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Standard Procedures ◽  
Mirabilis Jalapa ◽  
Muscle Relaxant Activity ◽  
Dose Dependent

Objective: The aim and objectives of the present work is to determine pharmacological activity upon ethnopharmacological survey. The present study deals with phytochemical screening and analgesic as well as muscle relaxant activity of leaves of Mirabilis jalapa.Methods: The present study is aimed at phytochemical screening and evaluating the analgesic and muscle relaxant activities of ethanolic leaf extract of Mirabilis jalapa by using hot plate method and rota rod method respectively [1, 2]. The Phytochemical screening of the extract was done according to the standard procedures to reveal the presence of the active constituents like Alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, glycosides, tannins, saponins, steroids, carbohydrates etc [3-5].Results: The analgesic and muscle relaxant activity study were dose dependent. The EEMJ extracts (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg) and the standard drug Diclofenac sodium (25 mg/kg) shows significant increase in the reaction time when compared with control at 30 min, 60 min, 90 min and 120 min and the effect of standard was found to be highest during the study. Another study was designed to evaluate the skeletal muscle relaxant properties of ethanolic extract of leaves of Mirabilis jalapa. Linn by taking the EEMJ extracts (100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, 500 mg/kg) and standard drug Lorzepam (10 mg/kg). Both the extracts and standard drug show decrease in the fall of time in a dose dependent manner when compared with control at 15 min, 30 min, 45 min respectively. Conclusion: Therefore, from the above study it is revealed that Mirabilis jalapa showing better pharmacological activities (Analgesic and Muscle relaxant) in dose dependent manner.

scholarly journals In-Vitro Evaluation of Anti-Urolithiatic and Larvicidal Activity of Alternanthera sessilis

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (02) ◽  
pp. 671-680
Author(s):  
Merin Babu ◽  
Uma K.H ◽  
Sherin Joseph ◽  
Amoolya Sree ◽  
Sabin Scariya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Larvicidal Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Objective Evaluation ◽  
Assay Method ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Alternanthera Sessilis ◽  
Larvicidal Effect ◽  
Whole Plant ◽  
Dose Dependent

Objective: Evaluation of Anti-urolithiatic and Larvicidal activity of Alternanthera sessilis. Method: The whole plant of Alternanthera sessilis were extracted using ethanol as solvent. Then it was evaluated for its phytochemicals and later on in vitro anti-urolithiatic study was conducted on the plant using the methods titrimetry, simultaneous flow static model, turbidimetry and gravimetric. The plant showing larvicidal effect was determined by larvicidal assay method. Result: The ethanolic extract of the plant showed the presence of various phytochemicals like phenols, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, saponins. The anti urolithiatic activity conformed that the plant can effectively mineralise calcium oxalate in a dose dependent manner when compared to control and standard. The plant also possesses larvicidal activity and the percentage mortality exhibited a dose dependent manner. Conclusion: The ethanolic extract of the plant possessed anti- urolithiatic as well as larvicidal activity.

scholarly journals Phytochemical & Pharmacological Investigation of Stems of Passiflora foetida

2021 ◽  
pp. 408-414
Author(s):  
N. Michael Antony ◽  
Jennifer Fernandes ◽  
Jane Mathew
Keyword(s):  
Analgesic Activity ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Significant Activity ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Soxhlet Apparatus ◽  
Passiflora Foetida

Aims: To carry out extraction, preliminary phytochemical analysis and invivo analgesic screening of extract of the stem of Passiflora foetida L. Methodology: Passiflora foetida L; Family: Passifloraceae, is an exotic fast-growing perennial and medicinal vine occurring in Germany, France and other European countries and USA and grown in different parts of India. Dried stems of Passiflora foetida L was coarsely powdered and maceration was done using Soxhlet apparatus. The ethanolic extract of stems of Passiflora foetida L was subjected to preliminary phytochemical tests. Then subjected to in vivo analgesic activity. Results: Phytochemical investigation of the stem of Passiflora foetida L preliminary test showed the presence of carbohydrates, glycosides, flavonoids and steroids. Acute toxicity study of ethanolic extract of stems of Passiflora foetida L was carried out and extracts were found to be safe up to 2000 mg/kg body weight. Pharmacological activities of stems of Passiflora foetida L was carried out from ethanolic extract. Conclusion: Phytochemical investigation of ethanolic extract of stems were carried out and Analgesic activity by tail flick method in rats and acetic acid induced writhing method in mice, showed statistically significant activity (P=.05) when compared to control. The ethanolic stem extract of Passiflora foetida L proved to have significant pain relieving action in a dose dependent manner.

scholarly journals Ethanolic extract of ocimum kilimandscharicum linnleaves: phytochemical and in vitro pharmacological activity

2021 ◽  
pp. 106-109
Author(s):  
Yamini N ◽  
Lahari S ◽  
Phani deepthi V
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Model ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Clinical Development ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Thrombolytic Activity ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Ethanolic Extracts ◽  
Vitro Model ◽  
Dose Dependent

Using an in vitro model, the anti-thrombolytic efficacy of ethanolic extracts of Ocimum kilimandscharicum Linn was investigated. The researchers discovered that different concentrations of the extract had significant anti-thrombolytic activity in a dose-dependent manner , which was comparable to a standard drug. As a result of the presence of flavonoids and polyphenols in the plant extract, it can be concluded that it has a promising future in the treatment of thrombosis. This knowledge will be useful in the clinical development of thrombolytic therapeutics by identifying more potent anti-thrombolytic principles from natural resources..    

scholarly journals Evaluation of analgesic and neuropharmacological properties of the aerial part of Tinospora cordifolia Miers. in mice

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Mokarram Hossain ◽  
SM Raquibul Hasan ◽  
Raushanara Akter ◽  
Md Nurul Islam ◽  
Md Jahidur Rashid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Motor Activity ◽  
Open Field ◽  
Aerial Part ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Tail Flick ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Writhing Test ◽  
Sleeping Time ◽  
Thiopental Sodium

Tinospora cordifolia Miers. is used in the Ayurvedic system of medicine for the treatment of jaundice, diabetes, and rheumatoid arthritis, and is also used as memory enhancer. But still there is no report of analgesic and neuropharmacological activities of the plant. For this reason, the present study was designed to evaluate analgesic and neuropharmacological activities of methanol extract of the aerial parts of Tinospora cordifolia. Analgesic activity of the crude extract at the dose of 200 and 400 mg/kg b.w. was evaluated for its central and peripheral pharmacological actions using hotplate and tail flick tests and acetic acid-induced writhing test respectively in mice. The extract produced a significant (p < 0.05-0.001) increase in pain threshold in hotplate and tail flick tests in a dose dependent manner. In acetic acid-induced writhing test the extract at both doses produced significant (p < 0.001) inhibition of writhing reaction but maximum inhibition (65.01%) of writhing was found at 400 mg/kg dose compared to the reference drug Diclofenac-Na at the dose of 10 mg/kg b.w. (77.07%). Neuropharmacological activity of the extract was also evaluated using rodent behabioural models; hole cross to evaluate motor activity, open field to evaluate exploratory behaviour and thiopental sodium-induced sleeping time to evaluate sedative potential of the extract. The extract significantly (p < 0.05-0.001) decreased motor activity and exploratory behavior of mice in hole cross and open field test respectively. The extract also produced rapid onset and maximized the duration of sleeping time when administered with thiopental sodium. Results of this study suggest that the aerial part of T. cordifolia possesses significant analgesic and CNS depressant activity.  Key words: Tinospora cordifolia; Menispermaceae; Analgesic; Neuropharmacological.DOI: 10.3329/sjps.v2i2.5822Stamford Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences Vol.2(2) 2009: 31-37

scholarly journals Preliminary Studies of the Immunomodulator Effect of theBougainvillea xbuttianaExtract in a Mouse Model

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lluvia Arteaga Figueroa ◽  
Leticia Barbosa Navarro ◽  
Martin Patiño Vera ◽  
Vera L. Petricevich
Keyword(s):  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Live Cells ◽  
Phagocytic Index ◽  
No Production ◽  
Phenol Red ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Viability Percentage ◽  
Dose Dependent

Bougainvillea xbuttianais used as an analgesic in folk medicine in Mexico. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effects of the ethanolic extract fromB. xbuttianaon macrophages activities. The phytochemical screening was performed for determine the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenes, and saponins. The effects ofB. xbuttianawere analyzed using the macrophages activities as determined by the H2O2release, spreading and phagocytic index, vacuoles formation percentage, and mediators production. The viability percentage was determined in live cells after fixing and staining with crystal violet. The presence of H2O2in macrophages was performed by using the peroxidase-phenol red solution. The cytokine production was determined by two assays, ELISA for detection of IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γand biological assay for TNF detection. The results showed that theBxbextract dose-dependent manner produces (a) an increase in levels of H2O2and spreading and vacuoles formation percentages, (b) a decrease in phagocytic index and in the amounts of TNF, IL-6, and IFN-γ, and (c) an increase significant in IL-10 and NO production. This study indicates that the ethanolic extract fromBougainvillea xbuttianawas able to activate macrophages. The combination of these results suggests that this extract has an immunomodulator effect.

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