PROTECTIVE ROLE OF FICUS RACEMOSA IN DIABETES INDUCED NEUROPATHY: STRUCTURAL AND FUNCTIONAL EVIDENCES

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 58-60
Author(s):  
N Solanki ◽  
◽  
S. K Bhavsar
Keyword(s):  
Sciatic Nerve ◽  
Diabetic Neuropathy ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Ficus Racemosa ◽  
Dose Dependent

Ficus racemosa is used in traditional system of medicine for various health problems and diseases, and is commonly known as Gular fig. The main objective was to study its effects against streptozotocin induced diabetic neuropathy by structural and functional marker. Investigation of diabetic neuropathy was carried out through functional and structural assessment in streptozotocin induced in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were treated for 28 days in dose dependent manner of Ficus racemosa aqueous extract (250 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg) and ethanolic extract (200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg). Study showed marked protection observed by Ficus racemosa in hippocampus region of brain and sciatic nerve tissues. Ficus racemosa treatment showed improvement in functional and structural markers, which strongly suggest its protective role in diabetic neuropathy.

Protective Role of Raphanus Sativus Root Extract on Paracetamol-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Albino Rats

2007 ◽  
Vol 77 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaturvedi ◽  
George ◽  
Machacha
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Raphanus Sativus ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Albino Rats ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Serum Glutamate

The methanol extract of Raphanus sativus root extract showed a protective effect on paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in a dose-dependent manner. Degree of lipid peroxidation caused by paracetamol was measured in terms of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and protection was measured in reference to serum glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (SGOT), serum glutamate aspartate transaminase (SGPT), and blood and hepatic levels of antioxidants like glutathione and catalase. Administration of extract along with paracetamol showed significant protection. Levels of TBARS were found to be low, activities of SGOT and SGPT were low, while hepatic glutathione levels were significantly higher in experimental rats that received the mixture of paracetamol and the extract as compared to rats that received paracetamol only. Activities of catalase were also high in all experimental groups. Thus this study indicates the involvement of Raphanus sativus root extract with antioxidants like glutathione and catalase in rendering protection against paracetamol-induced lipid peroxidation and hepatotoxicity.

Protective role of diosmin against testosterone propionate-induced prostatic hyperplasia in Wistar rats: Plausible role of oxidative stress and inflammation

2019 ◽  
Vol 39 (9) ◽  
pp. 1133-1146 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Vafa ◽  
SM Afzal ◽  
P Barnwal ◽  
S Rashid ◽  
A Shahid ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Testosterone Propionate ◽  
Specific Antigen ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Prostatic Hyperplasia ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aging Men ◽  
Dose Dependent

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is an important key health concern for aging men. Polyphenolic compounds have been found to possess important roles in the inhibition of numerous ailments that involve reactive oxygen species and inflammation. Diosmin is a citrus flavone that possesses antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative, and anticancer activities, so based on these properties of diosmin, we decided to evaluate its effect on testosterone propionate (TP)-induced BPH. A total of 30 Wistar rats were randomly assigned to five groups having six animals in each. This study was of 28 days in which TP (5 mg kg−1) was administered to induce BPH in the last 10 days of the study. It was found that diosmin at the doses of 20 and 40 mg kg−1 significantly reduced malondialdehyde and xanthine oxidase formation in a dose-dependent manner; however, it replenished catalase, glutathione (GSH), and GSH-dependent enzymes, that is, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and glutathione- S-transferase significantly against TP-induced BPH. Further, immunohistochemical study showed that diosmin alleviated inflammatory markers (nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells, cyclooxygenase-2, and interleukin-6). It was also found that diosmin downregulated the expression of androgen receptor and decreased the prostate-specific antigen concentration dose-dependently, significantly against TP-induced BPH. Diosmin also restored histoarchitecture of the prostate in a dose-dependent manner. Findings from the present study revealed the protective role of diosmin against TP-induced BPH in Wistar rats.

scholarly journals An Amino Acids Mixture Improves the Hepatotoxicity Induced by Acetaminophen in Mice

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Di Pierro ◽  
Giuseppe Rossoni
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rates ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Total Glutathione ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Better Than

Acetaminophen (APAP) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug, but at high dose it leads to undesirable side effects, such as hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the protective role of DDM-GSH, a mixture of L-cysteine, L-methionine, and L-serine in a weight ratio of 2 : 1 : 1, in comparison to N-acetylcysteine (NAC), against acetaminophen- (APAP-) induced hepatotoxicity in mice. Toxicity was induced in mice by the intraperitoneal (ip) administration of low dose (2 mmol/kg) or high dose (8 mmol/kg) of APAP. DDM-GSH (0.4 to 1.6 mmol/kg) was given ip to mice 1 h before the APAP administration. The same was done with NAC (0.9 to 3.6 mmol/kg), the standard antidote of APAP toxicity. Mice were sacrificed 8 h after the APAP injection to determine liver weight, serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and total glutathione (GSH) depletion and malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation in liver tissues. DDM-GSH improved mouse survival rates better than NAC against a high dose of APAP. Moreover, DDM-GSH significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner not only APAP-induced increases of ALT but also APAP-induced hepatic GSH depletion and MDA accumulation. Our results suggest that DDM-GSH may be more potent than NAC in protecting the liver from APAP-induced liver injury.

ANTINOCICEPTIVE, ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AND ANTIPYRETIC EFFECTS OF CROTON CAUDATUS LEAVES

INDIAN DRUGS ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 23-28
Author(s):  
V. Neeharika ◽  
◽  
T. Swetha ◽  
F Humaira ◽  
B. M Reddy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Hot Plate ◽  
Hot Plate Test ◽  
Liver Disorders ◽  
Plate Test ◽  
Traditional System ◽  
Aqueous Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Dose Dependent

Croton caudatus (Euphorbiaceae) is claimed to be useful in treatment of sprains, arthritis and liver disorders in traditional system of medicine. In the present investigation antinociceptive, anti-inflammatory and antipyretic effects of the 80% aqueous ethanolic extract from leaves of C. caudatus have been evaluated. The ethanolic extract reduced the nociception induced by acetic acid at dose of 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg significantly (P<0.001) and in dose dependent manner. In the hot plate test, the extract significantly increased the latency time of jump. The naloxone reversed the antinociception of the extract in hot plate test, indicating that C. caudatus ethanolic extract has morphinomimetic properties. The extract significantly decreased the rectal temperature in yeast-induced pyrexia in rats at highest tested dose.The ethanolic extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg produced 47% protection in carrageenan-induced edema. Steroids and/or triterpenoids, flavonoids and their glycosides are the major constituents of ethanolic extract of C. caudatus.

scholarly journals Attenuative role of idebenone on deltamethrin mediated peroxidative toxicity of ram semen stored at 4°C

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Afshin Sheykh-Babaei ◽  
Elham Zadeh-Hashem ◽  
Mohsen Eslami ◽  
Farhad Farrokhi-Ardabili
Keyword(s):  
Semen Quality ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Toxic Dose ◽  
Functional Membrane ◽  
Motion Characteristics ◽  
Peroxidation Index ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Mild Toxicity

AbstractThe current study was conducted to evaluate the different concentrations of deltamethrin (DEL; Exp. 1) and the protective role of idebenone (IDB) supplemented with toxic dose of deltamethrin (Exp. 2) during chilled storage of ram semen. Collected samples were pooled and diluted at 500×106 spermatozoa per mL. In Exp. 1, effect of DEL at 1, 2.5, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 μM levels were evaluated on different variables of spermatozoa motion characteristics. In Exp. 2, different amounts of IDB (2, 4, and 8 μM) concurrent with constant doses of DEL (10 μM) were examined on semen quality upon chilled preservation up to 72 h. Indices of spermatozoa kinematics, functionality of plasma membrane and viability were recorded. Biochemical metabolites were measured in spermatozoa and its medium (extender) at different time points. In Exp.1, different parameters of spermatozoa kinematics were affected by exposure to DEL in a dose dependent manner. In Exp. 2, combination of IDB with DEL, resulted in a significant (P < 0.05) increase in total motility, forward progressive motility and curvilinear path velocity compared to DEL group at 24, 48 and 72 h. Simultaneous administration of IDB with DEL increased the percentage of spermatozoa with functional membrane and viability compared to DEL group at 72 h (P < 0.05). The amounts of lipid peroxidation index were lower in medium of combination groups compared to DEL group at 48 h and 72 h (P < 0.05). Antioxidant capacity were higher in spermatozoa and medium of IDB treated groups compared to DEL group at 72 h (P < 0.05). Amounts of total nitratenitrite and superoxide dismutase activity of spermatozoa and medium did not affect by treatment (P > 0.05). In conclusion, IDB could ameliorate oxidative and peroxidative damages induced by DEL mild toxicity upon cold preservation of ram semen.

Adenosine-induced renal vasoconstriction in diabetes mellitus rats: role of prostaglandins

1999 ◽  
Vol 277 (5) ◽  
pp. R1410-R1417 ◽  
Author(s):  
Axel C. Pflueger ◽  
Jennifer M. Gross ◽  
Franklyn G. Knox
Keyword(s):  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Renal Vasculature ◽  
Renal Vasoconstriction ◽  
Endogenous Adenosine ◽  
Inhibition Of Prostaglandin Synthesis ◽  
Renal Vascular ◽  
And Control ◽  
Dose Dependent

We investigated the role of prostaglandins in the renal vascular response to exogenous and endogenous adenosine in control and streptozotocin (STZ) diabetic rats. Exogenous adenosine (0.01–100 nmol) injected into the abdominal aorta decreased renal blood flow (RBF) in a dose-dependent manner to a much greater extent in STZ rats than in control rats ( P < 0.001). Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis with indomethacin (Indo; 10 mg/kg iv) potentiated the adenosine-induced renal vasoconstriction in control rats but not in STZ rats. In control rats, Indo shifted the dose response curve of exogenous adenosine-induced RBF reductions to the left by a factor of 10 (ED50: from 5.5 ± 0.51 to 0.55 ± 0.07 nmol adenosine, n = 6, P < 0.001) and in STZ rats only by a factor of two (ED50: from 0.32 ± 0.03 to 0.16 ± 0.02 nmol adenosine, n = 6, P > 0.05). The renal response to endogenous adenosine was assessed by the magnitude of the postocclusive reduction of RBF (POR), an adenosine-mediated phenomenon. POR was greater in STZ rats (−65.3 ± 5.2%, P < 0.001) compared with control rats (−36.2 ± 3.5%). Indo markedly enhanced POR in control rats (−20.3 ± 3.7%) but not in STZ rats (−4.5 ± 2.7%). Renal cortical and medullary PGE2 microdialysate concentrations and urinary PGE2 excretions were clearly not lower in STZ (cortex: 169 ± 61 pg/ml; medulla: 640 ± 88 pg/ml, urine: 138 ± 25 pg/min) compared with control rats (cortex: 99 ± 12 pg/ml; medulla: 489 ± 107 pg/ml; urine: 82 ± 28 pg/min). Indo significantly decreased renal cortical, medullary, and urinary excretion of PGE2 in STZ and control rats. These findings demonstrate that the adenosine-induced renal vasoconstriction is increased in the presence of Indo in control rats but not in STZ rats. The observations suggest that the diabetic renal vasculature may have a diminished vasodilatory capacity in response to prostaglandins to counteract adenosine-induced renal vasoconstriction.

Amelioration of Carbon Tetrachloride-Induced Liver Injury by Citrus Leaf Extract

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-431
Author(s):  
Jin Xuezhu ◽  
Li Jitong ◽  
Nie Leigang ◽  
Xue Junlai
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Hepatic Injury ◽  
The Body ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Weight Changes ◽  
Citrus Leaf ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The main purpose of this study is to investigate the role of citrus leaf extract in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury and its potential molecular mechanism. Carbon tetrachloride was used to construct hepatic injury animal model. To this end, rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, carbon tetrachloride-treated, and two carbon tetrachloride + citrus leaf extract-treated groups. The results show that citrus leaf extract treatment significantly reversed the effects of carbon tetrachloride on the body weight changes and liver index. Besides, treatment with citrus leaf extract also reduced the levels of serum liver enzymes and oxidative stress in a dose-dependent manner. H&E staining and western blotting suggested that citrus leaf extract could repair liver histological damage by regulating AMPK and Nrf-2.

Protective role of Sterculia tragacantha aqueous extract on pancreatic gene expression and oxidative stress parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

2021 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Basiru Olaitan Ajiboye ◽  
Babatunji Emmanuel Oyinloye ◽  
Jennifer Chidera Awurum ◽  
Sunday Amos Onikanni ◽  
Adedotun Adefolalu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Gene Expressions ◽  
Ki 67 ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽  
And Oxidative Stress ◽  
Stress Parameters

Abstract Objectives The current study evaluates the protective role of aqueous extract of Sterculia tragacantha leaf (AESTL) on pancreatic gene expressions (insulin, PCNA, PDX-1, KI-67 and GLP-1R) and oxidative stress parameters in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Methods Diabetes mellitus was induced into the experimental Wistar animals via intraperitoneal (IP) injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg body weight) and 5% glucose water was given to the rats for 24 h after induction. The animals were categorized into five groups of 10 rats each as follows normal control, diabetic control, diabetic rats administered AESTL (150 and 300 mg/kg body weight) and diabetic rats administered metformin (200 mg/kg) orally for two weeks. Thereafter, the animals were euthanized, blood sample collected, pancreas harvested and some pancreatic gene expressions (such as insulin, PCNA, PDX-1, KI-67, and GLP-1R)s as well as oxidative stress parameters were analyzed. Results The results revealed that AESTL significantly (p<0.05) reduced fasting blood glucose level, food and water intake, and lipid peroxidation in diabetic rats. Diabetic rats administered different doses of AESTL showed a substantial upsurge in body weight, antioxidant enzyme activities, and pancreatic gene expressions (insulin, PCNA, PDX-1, KI-67, and GLP-1R). Conclusions It can therefore be concluded that AESTL has the ability to protect the pancreas during diabetes mellitus conditions.

scholarly journals Lumican Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis and Bone Resorption by Suppressing Akt Activity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 4717
Author(s):  
Jin-Young Lee ◽  
Da-Ae Kim ◽  
Eun-Young Kim ◽  
Eun-Ju Chang ◽  
So-Jeong Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Resorption ◽  
Bone Formation ◽  
Map Kinases ◽  
Osteoclast Differentiation ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Dual Action ◽  
Dose Dependent ◽  
Resorptive Activity

Lumican, a ubiquitously expressed small leucine-rich proteoglycan, has been utilized in diverse biological functions. Recent experiments demonstrated that lumican stimulates preosteoblast viability and differentiation, leading to bone formation. To further understand the role of lumican in bone metabolism, we investigated its effects on osteoclast biology. Lumican inhibited both osteoclast differentiation and in vitro bone resorption in a dose-dependent manner. Consistent with this, lumican markedly decreased the expression of osteoclastogenesis markers. Moreover, the migration and fusion of preosteoclasts and the resorptive activity per osteoclast were significantly reduced in the presence of lumican, indicating that this protein affects most stages of osteoclastogenesis. Among RANKL-dependent pathways, lumican inhibited Akt but not MAP kinases such as JNK, p38, and ERK. Importantly, co-treatment with an Akt activator almost completely reversed the effect of lumican on osteoclast differentiation. Taken together, our findings revealed that lumican inhibits osteoclastogenesis by suppressing Akt activity. Thus, lumican plays an osteoprotective role by simultaneously increasing bone formation and decreasing bone resorption, suggesting that it represents a dual-action therapeutic target for osteoporosis.

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