scholarly journals The carbohydrate moiety of human glycophorin in CDG syndrome.

1999 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 371-376
Author(s):  
B Krotkiewska ◽  
K Zwierz ◽  
H Krotkiewski
Keyword(s):  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Moiety ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Disease Reaction ◽  
Sugar Analysis ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Human Glycophorin ◽  
Cdg Syndrome

Human glycophorin, the major sialoglycoprotein of erythrocyte membranes, was isolated from erythrocytes of healthy individuals and four patients with CDG syndrome. Sugar analysis revealed lower carbohydrate content in three out of four CDG-glycophorin samples. In order to characterize closer the glycosylation differences between glycophorin samples in health and disease, reaction with four biotinylated lectins was performed, using ELISA procedure on polystyrene microplates. Results obtained so far strongly suggest that both N- and O-glycans of glycophorin are affected in CDG syndrome.

scholarly journals Characteristics of preceding Ia activity on postactivation depression in health and disease

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (10) ◽  
pp. 3751-3758 ◽  
Author(s):  
Behdad Tahayori ◽  
Bahman Tahayori ◽  
David Koceja
Keyword(s):  
Patient Group ◽  
H Reflex ◽  
Separate Experiment ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Fisher Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Fisher Discriminant ◽  
Exponential Decrease ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Abnormal Pattern ◽  
Postactivation Depression

Previous activation of the soleus Ia afferents causes a depression in the amplitude of the H-reflex. This mechanism is referred to as postactivation depression (PAD) and is suggested to be presynaptically mediated. With the use of a paired reflex depression paradigm (eliciting two H-reflexes with conditioning-test intervals from 80 ms to 300 ms), PAD was examined in a group of healthy individuals and a group of hemiplegic patients. Healthy individuals showed substantial depression of the test H-reflex at all intervals. Although the patient group showed substantially less depression at all intervals, increasing the interval between the two reflexes sharply reduced the depression. In a separate experiment, we varied the size of the conditioning H-reflex against a constant test H-reflex. In healthy individuals, by increasing the size of the conditioning H-reflex, the amplitude of the test H-reflex exponentially decreased. In the patient group, however, this pattern was dependent on the conditioning-test interval; increasing the size of the conditioning H-reflex caused an exponential decrease in the size of the test reflex at intervals shorter than 150 ms. This pattern was similar to that of healthy individuals. However, conducting the same protocol at a longer interval (300 ms) in these patients resulted in an abnormal pattern (instead of an exponential decrease in the size of the test reflex, exaggerated responses were observed). Fisher discriminant analysis suggested that these two patterns (which differed only in the timing between the two stimuli) were substantially different from each other. Therefore, it is suggested that the abnormal pattern of PAD in hemiplegic stroke patients could be a contributing factor for the pathophysiology of spasticity.

The interaction of human glycophorin with 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate

1977 ◽  
Vol 55 (9) ◽  
pp. 942-948 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacob A. Verpoorte
Keyword(s):  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Binding Sites ◽  
Equilibrium Dialysis ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Ans Binding ◽  
Aromatic Residues ◽  
Apparent Binding Constant ◽  
Human Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Low Ionic Strength ◽  
Human Glycophorin

Both the sialoglycoprotein of human erythrocyte membranes, glycophorin, and the sialic acid free protein, obtained by treatment of glycophorin with neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18), increase the fluorescence of 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate (ANS). Binding of ANS to glycophorin is weak compared with the binding to bovine serum albumin (BSA). Equilibrium dialysis gives an apparent binding constant of about 4 × 103 M−1 at neutral pH, but Ka increases 1.75 times when NaCl or CaCl2 are added and 10-fold when the pH is lowered to 3.0. Sialic acid groups do not significantly affect ANS binding, although they have some effect at low ionic strength and neutral pH.Fluorescence studies indicate only one to two binding sites for ANS, with apparent pK = 3.8 ± 0.2. and located close to aromatic residues in glycophorin.Polarization and quantum efficiency of the fluorescence of ANS associated with glycophorin fail to indicate changes in the vicinity of the binding site when the pH is lowered.

scholarly journals Blastocystis in Health and Disease: Are We Moving from a Clinical to a Public Health Perspective?

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 524-528 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee O'Brien Andersen ◽  
Christen Rune Stensvold
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Health Indices ◽  
Stable Component ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Convincing Data

Blastocystisis a genus of common single-celled intestinal parasitic protists with an unsettled role in human health and disease. Being a stable component of intestinal microbiota, once established, theBlastocystisparasite appears more common in healthy individuals than in patients with infectious, functional, or inflammatory bowel disease. Recent data suggest that the parasite is associated with certain gut microbiota profiles and health indices. Convincing data and tools differentiating asymptomatic colonization from infection are yet to be demonstrated. Although the parasite may elicit disease under certain circumstances, the focus onBlastocystismay be shifting from a clinical to a public health perspective.

scholarly journals The carbohydrate moiety of band-3 glycoprotein of human erythrocyte membranes

1980 ◽  
Vol 187 (3) ◽  
pp. 677-686 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Tsuji ◽  
T Irimura ◽  
T Osawa
Keyword(s):  
Blood Group ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Band 3 ◽  
Carbohydrate Moiety ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Gel Chromatography ◽  
Branching Points ◽  
Human Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Group A

Band-3 glycoprotein was purified from human blood-group-A erythrocyte membranes by selective solubilization and gel chromatography on Sepharose 6B in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate. The purified glycoprotein was subjected to hydrazinolysis in order to release the carbohydrate moiety. The released oligosaccharides were N-acetylated and applied to a column of DEAE-cellulose. Most of the band-3 oligosaccharides obtained were found to be free of sialic acids. When this neutral fraction was subjected to gel chromatography on a column of Sephadex G-50, two broad peaks were observed indicating that the band-3 glycoprotein was heterogeneous in the size of the oligosaccharide moieties. All fractions from gel chromatography were found to contain galactose, mannose, N-acetylglucosamine and fucose. The higher-molecular-weight (mol.wt. 3000-8000) peak consisted of fucose, mannose, galactose, N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylgalactosamine in a molar proportion of 1.6:3.0:8.4:10.5:0.2. Most of these oligosaccharides were digested with a mixture of beta-galactosidase and beta-N-acetylhexosaminidase after alpha-L-fucosidase treatment to give a small oligosaccharide with the structure alpha Man2-beta Man-beta GlcNAc-GlcNAc. Methylation studies and limited degradation by nitrous acid deamination showed that the oligosaccharides contained the repeating disaccharide Gal beta 1→4GlcNAc beta 1→3, with branching points at C-6 of some of the galactose residues. These results indicate that a major portion of the band-3 oligosaccharide has a common core structure, with heterogeneity in the numbers of the repeating disaccharides, and contains fucose residues both in the peripheral portion and in the core portion. Haemagglutination tests were also carried out to determine the blood-group specificities of the glycoprotein and the results demonstrated the presence of both blood-group-H and I antigenic activities.

scholarly journals Structural analysis of the carbohydrate chains of β-N-acetylhexosaminidases from bovine brain

1985 ◽  
Vol 232 (3) ◽  
pp. 637-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Overdijk ◽  
E P Beem ◽  
G J van Steijn ◽  
L A Trippelvitz ◽  
J J Lisman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Analysis ◽  
Bovine Brain ◽  
Carbohydrate Content ◽  
Carbohydrate Moiety ◽  
Methylation Analysis ◽  
Total Carbohydrate ◽  
Acetylneuraminic Acid ◽  
Oligosaccharide Structures ◽  
Carbohydrate Chains

The oligosaccharide structures of bovine brain beta-N-acetylhexosaminidases A and B (EC 3.2.1.30) were studied at the glycopeptide level by employing 500 MHz 1H-n.m.r. spectroscopy and methylation analysis involving g.l.c.-m.s. More than 90% of the chains were found to be of the oligomannoside type, containing, on average, five to six mannose residues. Biantennary N-acetyl-lactosamine-type chains terminated in N-acetylneuraminic acid were found to comprise the remaining 5-10% of the total carbohydrate. The isoenzyme forms A and B do not differ from each other in the structure of their carbohydrate moiety, but do deviate in carbohydrate content and, in consequence, in the number of carbohydrate chains per molecule.

scholarly journals STUDY OF THE LEVEL OF FATTY ACIDS IN ERYTHROCYTE MEMBRANES AND SERUM OF PATIENTS WITH COLORECTAL CANCER IN NOVOSIBIRSK

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 50-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. V. Kruchinina ◽  
V. N. Kruchinin ◽  
Ya. I. Prudnikova ◽  
A. A. Gromov ◽  
M. V. Shashkov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Internal Organs ◽  
Omega 6

The objectiveis to measure the level of fatty acids in erythrocyte membranes and serum of patients with colorectal cancer.Materials and methods.The study group included 100 patients with diagnosed colorectal cancer (57 men and 43 women). The control group included 24 reasonably healthy people (14 men and 10 women) matched for age and sex, without malignant cancers or manifested pathology of the internal organs.Results.Decreased levels of saturated, monounsaturated fatty acids and increased levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in erythrocyte membranes and serum (p <0.0001–0.05) were observed. The levels of omega-3 PUFAs in colorectal cancer exceeded the levels in healthy individuals both in erythrocyte membranes and in serum; for omega-6 PUFAs only a trend was observed. At the same time, the ratio of omega-6/omega-3 PUFAs in colorectal cancer was lower than in control (p <0.0001–0.002). The state of erythrocyte membranes more significantly and for more parameters characterized differences between the groups than serum. The most discriminating parameters between patients with colorectal cancer and healthy individuals both in erythrocyte membranes and serum were the levels of C20:2;11,14 (eicosadienoic), C20:3;8,11,14 (dihomo-γ-linolenic), C20:4;5,8,11,14 (eicosatetraenoic, arachidonic), C22:5;7,10,13,16,19 (docosapentaenoic), and C22:6;4,7,10,13,16,19 (docosahexaenoic) PUFAs.

scholarly journals Next generation plasma proteome profiling to monitor health and disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen Zhong ◽  
Fredrik Edfors ◽  
Anders Gummesson ◽  
Göran Bergström ◽  
Linn Fagerberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Precision Medicine ◽  
Plasma Proteome ◽  
Next Generation ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Proteome Profiling ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Proteome Profile ◽  
Early Diagnosis Of Diabetes ◽  
Generation Sequencing

AbstractThe need for precision medicine approaches to monitor health and disease makes it important to develop sensitive and accurate assays for proteome profiles in blood. Here, we describe an approach for plasma profiling based on proximity extension assay combined with next generation sequencing. First, we analyze the variability of plasma profiles between and within healthy individuals in a longitudinal wellness study, including the influence of genetic variations on plasma levels. Second, we follow patients newly diagnosed with type 2 diabetes before and during therapeutic intervention using plasma proteome profiling. The studies show that healthy individuals have a unique and stable proteome profile and indicate that a panel of proteins could potentially be used for early diagnosis of diabetes, including stratification of patients with regards to response to metformin treatment. Although validation in larger cohorts is needed, the analysis demonstrates the usefulness of comprehensive plasma profiling for precision medicine efforts.

scholarly journals “Extensive Transmission of Microbes along the Gastrointestinal Tract”

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
TSB Schmidt ◽  
MR Hayward ◽  
LP Coelho ◽  
SS Li ◽  
PI Costea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiome ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
Oral Microbes ◽  
Microbial Strain

AbstractThe gastrointestinal tract is abundantly colonized by microbes, yet the translocation of oral species to the intestine is considered a rare aberrant event, and a hallmark of disease. By studying salivary and fecal microbial strain populations of 310 species in 470 individuals from five countries, we found that transmission to, and subsequent colonization of, the large intestine by oral microbes is common and extensive among healthy individuals. We found evidence for a vast majority of oral species to be transferable, with increased levels of transmission in colorectal cancer and rheumatoid arthritis patients and, more generally, for species described as opportunistic pathogens. This establishes the oral cavity as an endogenous reservoir for gut microbial strains, and oral-fecal transmission as an important process that shapes the gastrointestinal microbiome in health and disease.

scholarly journals Extensive transmission of microbes along the gastrointestinal tract

eLife ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas SB Schmidt ◽  
Matthew R Hayward ◽  
Luis P Coelho ◽  
Simone S Li ◽  
Paul I Costea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Important Process ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Opportunistic Pathogens ◽  
Gastrointestinal Microbiome ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Microbial Strains ◽  
Oral Microbes ◽  
Microbial Strain

The gastrointestinal tract is abundantly colonized by microbes, yet the translocation of oral species to the intestine is considered a rare aberrant event, and a hallmark of disease. By studying salivary and fecal microbial strain populations of 310 species in 470 individuals from five countries, we found that transmission to, and subsequent colonization of, the large intestine by oral microbes is common and extensive among healthy individuals. We found evidence for a vast majority of oral species to be transferable, with increased levels of transmission in colorectal cancer and rheumatoid arthritis patients and, more generally, for species described as opportunistic pathogens. This establishes the oral cavity as an endogenous reservoir for gut microbial strains, and oral-fecal transmission as an important process that shapes the gastrointestinal microbiome in health and disease.

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