Minimizing the Impact of Mining on the Environment

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 26-29 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.I. Golik ◽  
Yu.V. Dmytrak ◽  
O.Z. Gabaraev ◽  
Kh.Kh. Kozhiev
Keyword(s):  
Resource Use ◽  
Environmental Effect ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Economic Factors ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Mineral Raw Materials ◽  
Natural Man ◽  
Complex Criterion ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Impact Of Mining

A complex characteristic of the degree of influence of mining on the environment is given. The criteria for assessing the impact of mining on the region's ecology are substantiated. A set of measures aimed at improving the mineral resource use system with an environmental effect is proposed. It is shown that the effectiveness of resource-saving is a function of the volume of minerals extracted on the surface. A complex criterion for assessing the effectiveness of mining technologies as a ratio of the ecological and economic factors of working of mines is proposed. The analysis of the practice of applying resource-saving technologies with the transfer of mineral into the solution at the site of occurrence of ores is given. The typology of technologies for hazards prevention and measures for environmental protection has been proposed. The concept of resource-saving as a correct use of natural-man-made arrays in the process of extraction of mineral raw materials is formulated.

scholarly journals INNOVATIVE PROCESSES OF DEEP AND ENVIRONMENTALLY SAFE PROCESSING OF TECHNOGENIC RAW MATERIALS IN THE CONDITIONS OF NEW ECONOMIC CHALLENGES

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 224-237
Author(s):  
Valentin CHANTURIA ◽  
◽  
Irina SHADRUNOVA ◽  
Olga GORLOVA ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Secondary Products ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Mineral Raw Materials ◽  
The Face ◽  
Environmentally Safe ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Technogenic Raw Materials

Innovative processes of deep and complex processing of technogenic raw materials in the context of sustainable development of the mining industry and the economic challenges facing the mining industry should ensure the transition to a circular economy and the maximum use of natural resources. The article reflects the priority scientific and technological research on the involvement of technogenic mineral resources in efficient processing. Presented, developed at ICEMR RAS, including jointly with universities, research and production organizations and enterprises, modern innovative processes of deep and environmentally friendly processing of refractory mineral raw materials of complex material composition (tailings of enrichment of non-ferrous and noble metal ores, poor off-balance ores, slags ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy, sludge of metallurgical production) and hydro-mineral technogenic resources (acidic mineralized bottom-dump waters of mining enterprises of the copper-zinc complex of the Urals, saponite-containing circulating waters of diamond processing factories). Among other things, new directions in the field of selective disintegration of finely dispersed mineral raw materials based on energy effects and deep processing of slags are outlined; increasing the selectivity of enrichment processes; combined processing of technogenic raw materials; resource-saving processing of technogenic and hydro-mineral resources, obtaining secondary products from processing waste. It is shown that in the face of new economic challenges, Russia has sufficient scientific and technological potential in the field of deep and environmentally safe processing of technogenic raw materials in the form of developed and, to varying degrees, tested innovative resource-saving technologies that correspond to the world level, and in a number of technologies are superior to it.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study for the Remediation of Industrial Waste Water Using a Combination of Low Cost Mineral Raw Materials

Minerals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros Petrounias ◽  
Aikaterini Rogkala ◽  
Panagiota Giannakopoulou ◽  
Basilios Tsikouras ◽  
Paraskevi Lampropoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Experimental Device ◽  
Mineral Raw Materials ◽  
Research Gap ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates an alternative use of sterile aggregate materials which may arise from various construction applications in conjunction with other low-cost mineral raw materials to remediate the acid mine drainage phenomenon. This study is based on the combination of unprocessed mineral raw materials, as well as on the basic concept of the cyclic economy where the conversion of a waste into a raw material for another application can be achieved. In this study, in order to examine the remediation, in lab scale, of the drainage waste water of Agios Philippos mine, an experimental electrically continuous flow-driven forced device was constructed, enriching the research gap relative to this type of remediation approach. Through this experimental device, the use of certain mixes of mineral raw materials (serpentinite, andesite, magnesite, peat, and biochar) was studied. Our results focus on the impact of the studied mineral raw materials and especially on their synergy on the water purification potential under continuous water flow operation. Using the new 7-day experimental electrically continuous flow-driven forced device with certain mixes of mineral raw materials, the increase of pH values from 3.00 to 6.82 was achieved. Moreover, with use of the experimental device, the removal of toxic load was achieved, and more specifically the concentration of Fe was decreased from 6149 to 1300 ppb, Cu from 8847 to 35 ppb, and Zn from 285,458 to 50,000 ppb.

scholarly journals Research of the properties of rocks during fragmenting and crushing in mechanical mills

2021 ◽  
pp. 81-87
Author(s):  
GOLIK Vladimir Ivanovich ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Pulse Amplitude ◽  
Resource Base ◽  
Crushed Material ◽  
Mineral Raw Materials ◽  
Systemic Crisis ◽  
The Impact

Relevance and purpose. The systemic crisis in the mining industry has weakened the provision of the industry with proven reserves of the main types of minerals, which has made the search for technological solutions in order to restore the lost potential of the mineral resource base. Methodology. Theoretical studies of the movement of the grinding charge in the grinding chambers of planetary mills are based on the postulate of the equivalence of the forms of movement of the charge in mills. Grinding equipment of a new technical level is being improved in the direction of increasing the intensity of the effect of grinding bodies on the crushed material. The aim of the study is to increase the intensity of the impact of grinding bodies on the crushed mineral raw materials while minimizing the energy consumption of processing processes. The goal is achieved by integrating analytical and experimental studies with elements of engineering forecasting and modeling of the results. Results and scope. The results of studying the properties of rocks and their changes as a result of crushing and grinding in mechanical mills are presented. Information about devices for measuring the parameters of shock pulses and the practice of their application is systematized on the example of geological differences of rocks. Bench studies have confirmed the theoretically substantiated phenomenon of shock pulse amplitude suppression. The role of the processes of crushing and grinding in mills in the technological chain of waste-free utilization of the tailings of the concentration of chemically exposed ores is detailed. Сonclusions. The phenomenon of increasing the intensity of the impact of grinding bodies on the crushed mineral raw materials with the same energy consumption of processing processes can be used in the modernization of technologies for the development of mineral deposits.

scholarly journals The role of mining industry in the world economy and the economy of Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
G. I. Rudko
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mining Industry ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Mineral Raw Materials ◽  
The World ◽  
The Impact

The level of development has been considered, the impact of mining industry on the world economy and its connections with other spheres of the world economy have been analyzed. Today mining industry is not only one of the leading fields of global economy, but it has also promoted the emergence of other fundamental branches. The development of this sphere is extremely important not only for the state, which plays the role of a regulator, but also for investors, contractors, suppliers, service companies, indigenous population and consumers. Due to its long-term development, mining industry differs from the majority of other kinds of human activity. Diversified mining industry is generally a prerogative of highly developed countries since only several segments are often functioning in less developed countries, and sometimes mineral raw materials are only extracted there. Nowadays no country in the world possesses full range of all types of rocks and minerals. Basic tendencies in development of extraction of mineral raw materials in different countries have been described. The current state of global mining industry can be called the advent of the so-called new era due to the increase of cost of mineral raw materials; however it is also necessary to develop the fields even with quite small and low-quality mineral reserves. Mining operations and development of mineral deposits are being relocated from the developed countries to the developing ones. It is better to consider the possibility of improvement of already existing objects instead of building brand new ones for more efficient and easier operation of mining companies. Problems of functioning and obstacles of development of mining enterprises in Ukraine under current conditions have been determined, ways of their elimination and increase of effectiveness in the branch in general have been proposed. National mining industry is adversely affected by such external factors as the global financial and economic crisis, processes of globalization. Although the mineral-raw material base of Ukraine has a sufficient amount of explored reserves of most mineral resources, it is currently at the stage of depletion of the subsoil, which requires the reformation of the economic mechanism for its use.

scholarly journals An Experimental Study for the Remediation of Industrial Waste Water Using Combination of Low Cost Mineral Raw Materials

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Petros Petrounias ◽  
Aikaterini Rogkala ◽  
Panagiota P. Giannakopoulou ◽  
Basilios Tsikouras ◽  
Paraskevi Lampropoulou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Water ◽  
Continuous Flow ◽  
Mine Drainage ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Industrial Waste Water ◽  
Mineral Raw Materials ◽  
Ph Values ◽  
The Impact

This paper investigates an alternative use of sterile aggregate materials which may arise from various construction applications in conjunction with other low-cost mineral raw materials to remediate the acid mine drainage phenomenon. This study is based on the combination of unprocessed mineral raw materials as well as on the basic concept of the cyclic economy where the conversion of a waste into a raw material for another application can be achieved. In this way, the value of mineral raw materials can be prolonged for as long as possible, waste generation and exploitation of natural resources are minimized and resources are kept as far as possible within the existing economy. In this study, an electrically continuous flow driven forced device proposed and demonstrated for the remediation of waste water in lab-scale by using certain mixes of mineral raw materials (serpentinite, andesite, magnesite, peat and biochar). Our results focus on the impact of the studied mineral raw materials and especially on their synergy on the water purification potential under continuous water flow operation. Using the proposed 7-day experimental electrically continuous flow driven forced device with the certain mixes of mineral raw materials, the increase of pH values from 3.00 to 6.82 as well as significant removal of Fe, Cu and Zn was achieved.

TECHNOLOGY OF DEVELOPMENT OF COMPLEX STRUCTURAL DEPOSIT WITH APPLICATION OF IMPROVED MINING AGGREGATE

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-219
Author(s):  
A.Y. CHEBAN ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Structural Unit ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Selective Extraction ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Mineral Raw Materials ◽  
Complex Structural Unit ◽  
Complex Structural ◽  
Discharge Gap

It is proposed to conduct selective extraction of conditioned and substandard ore of an exploded complex structural unit using an improved mining aggregate equipped with a classification grid with rotary grates and a crusher with an adjustable size of the discharge gap, which will allow one of the basic principles of resource saving - not to crush anything superfluous. The proposed technical and technological solution will significantly increase the productivity of mining operations, increase the extraction of mineral raw materials from the developed complex structural unit due to separation from substandard ore enriched with a useful component of ore fines, as well as reduce dusting and reduce the loss of mineral raw materials from blowing and spilling during loading and transportation.

scholarly journals Use of ultra-high-temperature processing of raw milk to improve cheese quality

10.5219/1186 ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 840-845
Author(s):  
Tetyana Semko ◽  
Vladyslav Palamarchuk ◽  
Vladyslav Sukhenko
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Milk ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
Competitive Products ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Constant Improvement ◽  
Cheese Production ◽  
Ultra High Temperature

The increase in natural cheese production has brought issues related to ensuring the production of high-quality competitive products to the fore. The development of the cheese market requires constant improvement of the existing methods of production and the search for new technological solutions, which will allow us to counterbalance the low quality of raw materials, which is currently a serious problem for domestic cheese production. A promising method of realising the benefits of high-temperature (HT) and ultra-high-temperature (UHT) milk processing in cheese making is the development of new types of cheese with a high moisture content; however, there are very few publications that discuss these approaches. The development of advanced technologies for the production of low-temperature second-degree solid cheeses with the use of HT and UHT processing, related to the improvement of the technological process and the equipment and technological scheme of production of solid cheeses. The main direction of the development of cheese production at the present stage is the improvement of existing technological processes, the development of resource-saving technologies and the improvement of the natural solid rennet cheese quality. The results of our research, related to the study of the composition and safety of milk raw materials, the impact of various technological factors on the cheese production process and the quality of the products obtained, are the basis for our resource-saving technology for the production of solid rennet cheese.

scholarly journals Implementation of Contact-Condensation Hardening Theory Mechanisms when Forming Building Composites

2020 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 90-102
Author(s):  
M. P. Stepanova ◽  
O. A. Sotnikova
Keyword(s):  
Composite Material ◽  
Composite Materials ◽  
Structure Formation ◽  
Building Materials ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Material Base ◽  
Resource Saving ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Contact Condensation

Purpose of research is to study cheaper composite materials for building structures such as cement-free ones without heat treatment, which will undoubtedly allow finding their application in building industry. To achieve this goal it is necessary to identify patterns of structure formation of clinker-free contact condensation hardening composite materials in which portlandite crystals act as a matrix, and the physicochemical active component of natural origin acts as a filler.Methods. In accordance with the purpose set, one of the main tasks of the work was to be solved; it involved study-ing the patterns of structure formation of contact-condensation hardening systems relying on the basic principles of materials science, which include studying the influence of the composition, structure and state of the starting com-ponents on the properties of a composite material. In this work, we studied the role of the physicochemical activity of raw materials and the possibility of ‘combining’ a portlandite matrix with filling mechano-physicochemical active raw materials capable of producing new structures. To form the composite material, a compaction pressing technique at elevated specific pressures was used, which made it possible to implement the mechanisms of contact condensation technology of structure formation. The formation of physicochemical bonds of portlandite and aluminosilicate filler of various types is also possible with certain ratios of their mass fractions and V/I ratios the optimization of which was one of our objectives.Results. The result of this work is to assess the impact of raw material characteristics and technology parameters on the properties of the resulting material, namely, the improvement of the compacting pressure and the amount of filler when getting a compacted composite.Conclusion. The development of a technology of producing clinker-free contact condensation composites based on portlandite with aluminosilicate filler will expand the raw material base of local building materials, reduce their cost and energy consumption, that is, solve key issues of resource saving in the building materials production.

scholarly journals ENVIRONMENTAL HAZARD OF THE CONSEQUENCES OF TECHNOGENESIS ON THE AQUATORIA AND THE SEA BANK

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (5) ◽  
pp. 411-417
Author(s):  
Nikolay A. Bogdanov
Keyword(s):  
Baltic Sea ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Chemical Warfare Agents ◽  
Chemical Warfare ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Environmental Disaster ◽  
Mineral Raw Materials ◽  
Warfare Agents ◽  
Titanium Zirconium ◽  
The Impact

The article contains the results of a study of the ecological hazards of long-term consequences (XVII-XXI centuries) of human activities on the shores and waters of the South-Eastern Baltic Sea. The following issues have been considered: 1) territorial losses and the destruction of man-made objects; 2) natural radioactivity of the potential source of mineral raw materials - titanium-zirconium concentrates in beach sands and their content of 137Cs (the “Chernobyl trace”); 3) echoes of the Great Patriotic War (WWII) - ammunition on the shore and dumping on the seabed of captured chemical warfare agents from the arsenal of Nazi Germany. The study has determined the following. Coast in Courland, after Peter the Great built the port of Libava (the end of XVII century) and after malls were extended in the nineteenth century, had been stable. Modernization of the military avantport of Emperor Alexander III at the beginning of the XX century with the removal of the sea piers on 2123m caused the obstruction of sands along the coast and its grassroots catastrophic erosion to the North of the port. By the 1930s, the bottom sands have been eroded to Cape Akmenrags (along with the coast to ~40 km, the volume of >70 million m3). By the 1990s, at 4-6 km closest to port, the shore has receded up to 200 meters. Houses, landfills, fragments of the sewer were destroyed. There was a threat of collapse of toxic objects of municipal wastewater treatment facilities into the sea (sludge beds, chlorination station, town Schedes). An environmental disaster was prevented by the timely constructed shore protection facilities (1988-1991). The erosion of the shore caused the accumulations on the beach of industrially important titanium-zirconium concentrates (>1,5 t/m3). Heavy minerals (zircon, monazite, etc.) contain natural radionuclides (thorium, uranium etc.), their activity (5668,6 Bq/kg) exceeded the hygienic standard (1500 Bq/kg) by ~4 times. Mineral raw materials of this quality refer to the IV class of hazard. As for 137Cs, considering the period from the Chernobyl disaster (April 1986) to the analysis of the specimens (spring 2015 ~the half-life of the isotope), the concentration could reach,: in sands - 110 Bq/kg, in organic soils and peatlands - up to 500 Bq/kg. The contamination was consistent with the radiation condition of the several territories of the USSR, which have experienced the impact of the disaster, but was higher than in the Altai (“Semipalatinsk trace”, 41-43 Bq/kg). Echoes of the War resulted in storms bringing ashore ammunition, which caused injuries and deaths of adolescents, who found such “waste” of World War II (the town Schedes, the elimination of the Nazis in “Liepaja port”, 1945). In the deep (92-208 m) basins (Bornholm, Gotland) and in other areas of the Baltic Sea there are about 60 underwater dumpings of chemical warfare agents. The threat of environmental disaster may appear in the case of their large-scale mechanical damage (trawling, drilling, pipelines, etc.). The uncertainty of the information about the number of dumpings of chemical warfare agents keeps a danger of their location on the coast and bringing by waves to the beach. Further exploration and monitoring of dumpings are particularly relevant in connection with the laying of the gas pipeline “Nord stream - 2”.

scholarly journals EXPERT ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF MINERAL RESOURCES IN THE FUNCTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 106-114
Author(s):  
Radule Tosovic
Keyword(s):  
Economic Evaluation ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Mineral Deposits ◽  
Economic Evaluations ◽  
Successful Operation ◽  
Mineral Raw Materials ◽  
Modern Business ◽  
Expert Analysis ◽  
The Impact

The successful operation of the mineral sector in modern business conditions, labeled by transition crossing to a market mineral economy and establishing market conditions for the production and trade of mineral raw materials, requires the development of expert economic evaluations of mineral reserves and resources. This evaluation basically represents an expert analysis, which includes four important aspects, namely: geological, mining, economical and environmental. The ecological aspect is related to the previous geoecological analysis of the impact of various phases of the conquest of mineral deposits on the environment, by identifying types of impacts, character of influences, prevention of pollution measures, measures to eliminate the impact and recultivation. Expert economic evaluation is to quantify environmental costs, analyzing their share in the total costs and impact on the economic viability of valorization of mineral raw materials from the mineral deposits.

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