Histological Description of Tarnished Plant Bug (Heteroptera: Miridae) Feeding on Small Cotton Floral Buds

2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Livy Williams ◽  
N. Philip Tugwell
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Reproductive Tissue ◽  
Feeding Damage ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Floral Buds ◽  
Nutritional Physiology ◽  
Structural Abnormalities ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Male Reproductive Tissue

Microscopic features of small cotton floral buds abscised due to Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) feeding and non-insect factors were identified and contrasted with healthy buds. Feeding damage appeared to be most common on staminal columns, developing anthers, and corollas. These tissues exhibited gross enlargement and varying degrees of cellular degradation. Fragmented cell walls were thinner and stained lighter than those that were intact. Desiccation of buds abscised due to Lygus feeding was irregular. Tissues of buds abscised due to non-insect factors stained uniformly and all cells were intact. Uniform basipetal desiccation throughout the bud occurred in non-insect damaged buds, especially in anthers, staminal columns, and carpels. Tissues and cells of healthy buds stained uniformly and consistently and were without structural abnormalities. The biochemical composition of male reproductive tissue of cotton floral buds appears to play an important role in the nutritional physiology of L. lineolaris.

ECONOMIC INJURY LEVELS OF THE TARNISHED PLANT BUG, LYGUS LINEOLARIS (HEMIPTERA (HETEROPTERA): MIRIDAE), ON GREEN BEANS IN QUEBEC

1980 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 306-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. K. Stewart ◽  
A. R. Khattat
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Control ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Green Beans ◽  
Flower Bud ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Economic Injury ◽  
Plant Stage ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

AbstractCaged microplots of “Contender” green beans, Phaseolus vulgaris L., were artificially infested with various densities of Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) to determine the effect of feeding on yield and quality, and to establish economic injury levels. Plants infested at bloom or pod set stage were more severely injured than those infested at the flower bud stage. Higher infestation levels reduced crop yield, but the percentage of crude protein in bean seeds was not affected. Based on 1975 crop values and chemical control costs, economic injury levels ranged between 0.3 and 4.4 insects/10 plants depending on crop use, chemical control, and plant stage infested.

scholarly journals Comparative pharmakognostical study of roots of Rosa Majalis Herrm. and Rosa Canina L.

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-78
Author(s):  
Tetiana Oproshanska ◽  
Olga Khvorost ◽  
Kateryna Skrebtsova ◽  
Konradas Vitkevicius
Keyword(s):  
Cell Walls ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Diagnostic Features ◽  
Rosa Canina ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Quantitative Content ◽  
Microscopic Features ◽  
Boundary Limits

The aim is to conduct a comparative pharmacognostical study of the series of roots of Rosa (R.) majalis Herrm. and Rosa (R.) canina L. with the establishment of diagnostic features of morphological and anatomical structure and boundary limits of numerical indicators of raw materials. Materials and methods. The fresh and dry raw materials were used to study the macroscopic microscopic features by microscope Delta optical BioLight 300 (Poland). Determination of total polyphenols was performed by spectrophotometry (on a spectrophotometer Optizen POP (Korea)) and HPLC (chromatograph an Agilent 1200 3 D LC System Technologies (USA)). Results. The morphological (nature of the surface (periderm) and fracture) and anatomical (color of cell walls and their cavities; location of the sclerenchyma; the presence of a crystalline coating of the sclerenchyma at the root of R. canina; of various elements of the remains of the tetraarchic conducting bundle in the center of the root) diagnostical features of roots of R. majalis and R. Canina were established. Comparing the numerical values of loss on drying (not more than 10 %), total ash (not more than 5 %), extractable matter (not less than 9 %) and the quantitative content of total polyphenols (not less than 4 %) it was determined that both types of raw materials according to these indicators are almost indistinguishable. Conclusions. Loss on drying, total ash, extractable matter and content of total polyphenols of the root of R. majalis and R. canina do not have significant differences, that is why the root of both plant species can be used as medicinal plant raw materials such as “Rose root”. The obtained data will be used in further research when creating methods of quality control of plant raw materials and phytomedicines

Systems Approach to Evaluate Tarnished Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) Management Practices in Virginia and North Carolina Cotton

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (5) ◽  
pp. 2223-2234
Author(s):  
Seth J Dorman ◽  
Dominic D Reisig ◽  
Sean Malone ◽  
Sally V Taylor
Keyword(s):  
North Carolina ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Systems Approach ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Cultural Control ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Trade Offs

Abstract Economically damaging infestations of Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), tarnished plant bug, were sporadic in Virginia and North Carolina cotton before 2010. Given the sudden rise of L. lineolaris as an economic pest in these states, regionally specific management practices (i.e., chemical and cultural control) are needed to help producers protect yield potential while minimizing input costs. Field experiments were conducted in Virginia and North Carolina in 2018 and 2019 to 1) determine the effects of various management practices on L. lineolaris density, plant injury (i.e., square retention, internal boll injury), and lint yield, 2) calculate the economic trade-offs between integrated pest management (IPM) systems approach and current management practices for L. lineolaris in these states, and 3) evaluate economic benefits associated with various sampling thresholds. Lygus lineolaris populations peaked mid-season (i.e., August) during cotton flowering in both states. Weekly scouting and applying foliar insecticides when the current University Extension recommended economic threshold was reached was the most critical management treatment in maximizing economic returns. Additional costs among various IPM practices did not translate into significant yield protection and economic gains. Moreover, there were additional economic benefits associated with protecting glabrous and longer maturing varieties in Virginia. Lygus lineolaris density varied significantly between states; therefore, management recommendations should be modified based on the growing region. Results from this study will be used to create an IPM strategy to help cotton producers effectively manage this insect pest in the Southeast.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Current Tarnished Plant Bug (Hemiptera: Miridae) Thresholds in Transgenic MON 88702 Cotton Expressing the Bt Cry51Aa2.834_16 Trait

2020 ◽  
Vol 113 (4) ◽  
pp. 1816-1822
Author(s):  
J C Corbin ◽  
T B Towles ◽  
W D Crow ◽  
A L Catchot ◽  
D R Cook ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern United States ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Current Action ◽  
Action Threshold ◽  
Important Pest ◽  
Current Threshold ◽  
Action Thresholds ◽  
Insecticide Sprays ◽  
Recommended Action

Abstract The tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), is an important pest of cotton in many areas of the southern United States. An experiment was conducted at two locations in Mississippi during 2016 and 2017 to evaluate action thresholds for tarnished plant bug on a novel Bacillus thuringiensis cotton that expresses the Cry51Aa2.834_16 toxin. Treatments included the current action threshold, a 2× threshold, and treatments where insecticides were only applied during the early season (preflower) or only during late season (during flowering) based on the current action thresholds. These were compared to an untreated control and a weekly insecticide use regime that received weekly insecticide sprays. All treatments were imposed on both Bt Cry1Aa2.834_16 cotton and a nontraited cotton. The Bt Cry1Aa2.834_16 trait reduced the number of tarnished plant bugs and injury, and improved yields compared to nontraited cotton. For all spray treatments except the weekly insecticide use regime, yields were greater for the Bt Cry51Aa2.834_16 cotton than the nontraited cotton. In terms of thresholds, Bt Cry1Aa2.834_16 cotton sprayed based on current action thresholds resulted in similar yields to the weekly insecticide use regime of both cotton types. In contrast, the 2× threshold resulted in lower yields than the current threshold for both cotton types. Though thresholds intermediate to the currently recommended action threshold and the 2× threshold were not tested, these data suggest that currently recommended action thresholds appear appropriate for Bt Cry51Aa2.834_16 cotton. These results suggest that this trait will be an important component of current IPM programs in cotton where tarnished plant bug is an important pest.

TARNISHED PLANT BUG (HEMIPTERA: MIRIDAE) AND PREDACEOUS ARTHROPOD POPULATIONS IN COMMERCIALLY PRODUCED SELECTED NECTARIED AND NECTARILESS CULTIVARS OF COTTON

1988 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. P. Scott ◽  
G. L. Snodgrass ◽  
J. W. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Field Size ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Percent Reduction ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Beneficial Arthropod

The effect of nectariless cotton cultivars on tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), and beneficial arthropod populations was studied in Washington and Sunflower counties, Mississippi, in 1981 and 1982. Fifteen and 18 fields of nectaried and nectariless cotton were sampled in 1981 and 1982, respectively. Field size ranged from approximately 16 to 60 hectares, and all fields were sampled weekly with a D-Vac insect collector during June and July of both years. Adult tarnished plant bug populations were significantly (P < 0.01) lower in the nectariless cotton in overall mean numbers in both years, and overall mean numbers of nymphs were significantly (P < 0.10) lower in the nectariless cotton in 1981. The combined adult and nymph population of tarnished plant bugs was reduced in the nectariless cotton an average of 44.0 and 34.0% in 1981 and 1982, respectively .These results demonstrate that nectariless cotton can suppress plant bug populations over a large area of cotton. A corresponding reduction in total numbers of predators also occured in the nectariless cotton. The overall mean for predators was reduced significantly (P < 0.01) in the nectariless cotton in both years of the study. In 1981, percent reduction in number of tarnished plant bugs in nectariless cotton was significantly related to field size.

SEASONAL OCCURRENCE OF THE TARNISHED PLANT BUG, LYGUS LINEOLARIS (HETEROPTERA: MIRIDAE) ON SOYBEAN1

1989 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. Freeman ◽  
A. J. Mueller
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Seasonal Occurrence ◽  
Lygus Lineolaris ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Tarnished Plant Bug ◽  
Plant Hosts ◽  
Plant Growth Stages ◽  
Wild Hosts

The seasonal occurrence of the tarnished plant bug (TPB), Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois), on soybean in Arkansas was examined in 1986 and 1987. Peak populations of TPB adults occurred in 1986 in mid-June in the southeast (SE) and mid-July in the southwest (SW) and westcentral (WC) areas. Population peaks in 1987 occurred in late July in the SW and WC areas but rapidly declined during the first week of August. Peaks occurred in each area at different plant growth stages. TPB adults apparently migrate from other plant hosts, probably wild hosts, to soybean for a brief period, after which they move to a more desirable host. Very few TPB nymphs were found relative to the number of samples taken and TPB adults collected.

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