scholarly journals 16+1 Initiative and Other External Influences on the Stability and Security of the Western Balkans

2018 ◽  
pp. 89-108
Author(s):  
Siniša Tatalović ◽  
Dario Malnar
Keyword(s):  
Western Balkans ◽  
External Influences ◽  
The Stability

Central Asia: International Relations As A Factor Of Regional Stability And Integration

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (10) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
B.O. Berdiyev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
International Relations ◽  
Central Asia ◽  
Interethnic Relations ◽  
Regional Stability ◽  
External Influences ◽  
The Stability

The article is devoted to the issues of interethnic relations in Central Asia, the need for integration and cooperation between states, external influences, information impacts on the peoples of the region, border issues, overpopulation, ethnic issues and their impact on the stability of the region.

German Policy towards EU Enlargement

2015 ◽  
pp. 18-22
Author(s):  
F. Basov
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Eu Enlargement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Eastern Partnership ◽  
Western Balkan Region ◽  
Balkan Region ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Eu

This article is dedicated to the German policy towards the EU enlargement. Its history as well as the current German policy towards prospective enlargements are analyzed in this paper. The article offers party-political and sociological analysis of Germany`s attitude towards the EU enlargement, also the reasons for it are determined. FRG supported all of the European Community and European Union enlargements. This line is being continued, but nowadays only step to step approach is being supported. Germany‘s motives to the EU enlargement are based on the liberal concept of the common security. The main goals of this policy are the including of European countries into the Western community of developed countries (the EU), the extension of the stability and security area. The economic integration is also very important for Germany. The key priority of the EU enlargement is the Western Balkan region (the so called “Europeanisation” of Western Balkans). This process is being supported by political elites of the region and by the European Union itself. It is recognized, that the Europeanisation of Western Balkans was used as a sample for the Eastern Partnership Program. Without consideration of the Russian factor, though, this strategy towards the post-Soviet countries has many weaknesses. But the EU-membership for the Eastern Partnership members is not excluded.

scholarly journals International Community’s Approach to Western Balkans: In Search of Stability and Security

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (85) ◽  
pp. 64-88
Author(s):  
Janez Juvan
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
International Institutions ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
International Community ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Usa ◽  
The Stability

Abstract The article presents research on the international community’s engagement in the countries of the Western Balkans in the past and their possible approach in the future. The focus of our research is on the functioning of mechanisms through which the international community performs certain tasks in the region. These interventions are primarily political, in the form of conferences, political programmes, consultations, pressures and continuous persuasion. Economic initiatives follow afterwards. By using different reform approaches, international institutions try to improve cooperation with the European Union (EU) and countries such as the USA, Russia, Turkey and China. Our research attempts to identify possible methods and new solutions for individual cases of conflict in Western Balkans countries, especially where the international community is actively involved. On this basis, we created a more holistic approach. The application of these measures could make the necessary reforms of the future easier. Our approach emphasises all the elements of security that are essential to the stability of the region and for the prevention of conflicts in the future.

scholarly journals The EU's Stability-Democratisation Dilemma in the Western Balkans: the case of Serbia

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Kovačević
Keyword(s):  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Policy Instruments ◽  
Organised Crime ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Transformative Power ◽  
Policy Tool ◽  
Post Conflict ◽  
Main Driver ◽  
The Stability

The European Union (EU) is a unique player in the Western Balkans where, since the 1990s, it has employed a wide array of foreign policy instruments: diplomacy, trade, financial assistance, civilian and military missions, and enlargement which is the EU’s most successful foreign policy tool. Therefore, the region is an inspiring case for studying the EU’s transformative power. Despite the fact that the EU has been the main driver for change, the Europeanisation of this post-conflict region has been slow, which can largely be explained by high compliance costs, strong domestic veto players, and the inconsistent use of conditionality due to the stability-democratisation dilemma. This dilemma is likely to be even more pronounced in the future. Although there is no war in the Western Balkans, the region is facing other latent security challenges such as organised crime, terrorism, and irregular migration. How should security threats be faced in the absence of strong institutions? Serbia’s accession process reveals a weakness in that country's democratic, judicial, and law enforcement institutions, which can only reinforce the EU's stability-democratisation dilemma.

scholarly journals Euroatlantic Integration in Western Balkans: Lessons for Ukraine

2020 ◽  
pp. 787-802
Author(s):  
Vitalii Martyniuk
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Candidate Country ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Political Decision ◽  
National Programmes ◽  
Key Features ◽  
Post War ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Made In

Ukraine’s constitutionally enshrined goal to become a NATO member encourages the state to more intensively explore and utilise the experience of the countries that have recently joined the Alliance, i.e. the countries of the Western Balkans. Their NATO integration comes amid relatively recent independence, resolution of post-war problems, and countering Russia’s influence in the region. This issue is similar for Ukraine, and therefore the article is devoted to studying the attitude and requirements of NATO to new candidate countries and a comparative analysis of the key features of Euro-Atlantic integration in the Western Balkans and mechanisms to counter them employed by Russia. The stability of the Western Balkans is seen by the Alliance as one of the key factors in Euro-Atlantic security, and NATO has made a political decision on the membership of the states of the region, some of which – Slovenia, Croatia, Albania, Montenegro, and North Macedonia – have already achieved this goal. NATO is not reducing its focus on the region, as Bosnia and Herzegovina is still a candidate country. The Alliance is also developing an in-depth partnership with Serbia to transform the region into an area of peace, security, and stability. Russia’s priority goal is to prevent Ukraine from joining NATO, as this will mean the final withdrawal of our country from the sphere of Russian influence. Meanwhile, Moscow will continue its anti-Alliance activities in the Western Balkans, pursuing a dual goal of diverting NATO’s attention from Ukraine’s Euro-Atlantic integration and maintaining and strengthening its influence in the region. The conclusions made in the article can be used to further develop Ukraine’s cooperation with NATO, prepare the country for membership in the Alliance and in the process of writing annual national programmes and planning activities for their implementation. Keywords: Euro-Atlantic integration of Ukraine, Western Balkans, NATO, Russian Federation.

scholarly journals Modeling regional cooperation in the Balkans after 1999: European experiences and their application

2021 ◽  
Vol 73 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-636
Author(s):  
Dragan Djukanovic ◽  
Marko Dasic
Keyword(s):  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Regional Identity ◽  
Balkan Peninsula ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
The Balkans ◽  
Stability Pact ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Regional Leaders ◽  
Council Of Ministers ◽  
Visegrad Group

In this paper, the authors comparatively analyze the development of regional cooperation in Europe after the Second World War and in the Western Balkans since 1999. They compare and contrast regional cooperation in the Western Balkans (with a particular focus on the period after 2006, when the Stability Pact for Southeastern Europe was transformed into the Regional Cooperation Council, and after 2014, when the Berlin Process was launched) with similar forms of cooperation in Europe, such as the Nordic Council of Ministers, the Visegrad Group, and the Benelux. Therefore, the authors approach a comparative analysis of the composition of these regional forums and their areas of cooperation with the Regional Cooperation Council, the Southeast European Cooperation Process, and the Berlin Process. In this regard, the authors state that there are more than obvious similarities between regional cooperation in the Western Balkans, primarily with the Visegrad Group, and to a significant extent with the Benelux. Regional cooperation on the Balkan Peninsula and between the Nordic countries is similar to a lesser extent, owing to the absence of the formation of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Western Balkans, which was overlooked in 2013. The authors conclude that there are numerous obstacles to establishin g more intensive and deeper regional cooperation in the Western Balkans, the most significant of which are the lack of a multilaterally accepted regional identity, the different interests of regional leaders regarding its "originality", the conflicted views of dominant opinions, and the predominant influences of various Western actors.

Learning the Lessons of Ethnic Conflict Management? Conditional Recognition and International Administration in the Western Balkans since the 1990s

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 553-571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Conflict Management ◽  
International Law ◽  
International Community ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Regional Organizations ◽  
Transnational Organized Crime ◽  
Unilateral Declaration ◽  
The Stability

The unilateral declaration of independence by Kosovo in February 2008 catapulted the Western Balkans back to the centre stage of international security concerns. Despite affirmations to the contrary, the recognition of Kosovo's independence by major Western powers is seen as a significant precedent in international law and the way in which self-determination conflicts are handled by the international community. At the same time, it raises major questions for the stability of borders across the Western Balkans region, and possibly beyond. At the centre of many of these questions is the role of the international community—defined by the international and regional organizations present in the region, as well as by their powerful member states—in tackling the complexity of interrelated self-determination conflicts, incomplete democratization processes, growing concerns about the economic viability of the successor states of the former Yugoslavia and an ever-increasing presence of transnational organized crime networks with significant reach beyond the region.

scholarly journals Thermostability of lysozyme amyloid fibrils

2021 ◽  
Vol 2086 (1) ◽  
pp. 012117
Author(s):  
N M Melnikova ◽  
M I Sulatsky ◽  
Yu D Diordienko ◽  
A I Sulatskaya
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Amyloid Fibrils ◽  
External Factor ◽  
Prion Diseases ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Protein Aggregates ◽  
Structure And Stability ◽  
External Influences ◽  
Intramolecular Mobility ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Ordered protein aggregates, amyloid fibrils, are a marker of many serious diseases, such as Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, prion diseases, etc. At present, special attention is paid to the study of external influences that can affect the structure and stability of mature amyloid fibrils, which may be in demand in the development of approaches to the therapy of amyloidosis, as well as in the creation of new high-strength materials on the basis of these protein aggregates. An external factor, the influence of which on fibrils was studied in this work, was temperature denaturation. It was shown that heating lysozyme amyloid fibrils to 60 °C does not lead to their degradation, but leads only to a reversible increase in the intramolecular mobility of amyloid-forming proteins, but does not change their morphology. At the same time, boiling of lysozyme amyloids leads to their irreversible degradation, which occurs at least 5 days after exposure: fibrils that form larger clusters change their secondary structure, and fibrils with a lesser degree of clustering are divided into separate fibers. Obtained data about the factors that change the stability and structure of amyloids can be applied in biotechnology for creating new high-strength nanomaterials on their basis.

scholarly journals THE EU APPROACH TO REGIONAL COOPERATION: POLICY SUCCESS OR POLICY FAILURE?

2007 ◽  
Vol 32 (1) ◽  
pp. xi-21
Author(s):  
WILL BARTLETT
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Regional Cooperation ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Employment Protection ◽  
Transnational Advocacy ◽  
Employment Policy ◽  
Western Balkans ◽  
Stability Pact ◽  
Policy Conflicts ◽  
The Stability

Abstract Summary: This article analyzes the successes and failures of regional cooperation in the Western Balkans through the prism of two policy areas: trade policy and employment policy. It investigates the role of the Stability Pact as a policy broker in mediating the policy conflicts between various national and transnational advocacy coalitions in these two areas. It concludes that regional cooperation in the field of trade policy has been less contested than in the field of employment policy. However, there have been failures in each policy area. Regional cooperation in trade policy while ostensibly successful has threatened to widen economic gaps between countries in the region. Regional cooperation in employment policy has been contested and although levels of employment protection have been reduced, expenditure of active employment policies remains low and unemployment rates remain high especially in the less developed countries in the region.

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