Transforming Higher Education Spaces: Analysis of Higher Educational Attainment Expectation Factors among High School Learners in Kwa-Dlangezwa, South Africa

Background: Deaf ASL users appear to be burdened with higher cardiovascular risk due to communication barriers in the health care setting and from lack of accessible health educational and outreach programs. It is well known among the general population that higher educational attainment and income are highly correlated and provide cardiovascular protection. It is unknown if the same effect is seen among Deaf ASL users. Objective We sought to examine whether educational attainment and/or annual household income are inversely associated with cardiovascular risk in a sample of Deaf ASL users. Methods: The Deaf Health Survey (DHS) is an adapted and translated Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) into sign language. A sample of 339 Deaf adults from the Rochester, New York MSA participated in the 2008 DHS and is included in the analysis. We assessed education (≤high school [low education], some college, and 4 year college degree or higher [referent]) and annual household income (<$25,000 versus ≥$25,000 [referent]). We constructed an aggregate (i.e. self-report of any of the four cardiovascular disease (CVD) equivalents: diabetes, myocardial infarction (MI), cerebral vascular attack (CVA), and angina) and conducted χ² tests of association for education and income. After excluding for any missing data on key variables, we conducted multi-logistic regression adjusting for : age, sex, race/ethnicity, and smoking. Results: In the study sample, 17.6% had ≤ high school education while 36.1% earned <$25,000; income and education were poorly correlated (r= 0.355). Among this sample (mean age= 46.4, range= 18-88), the prevalence of outcomes was: diabetes (9.4%), MI (5.0%), CVA (0.9%), and angina (4.5%). Unadjusted, low education was significantly associated with reporting an aggregate outcome (χ² =15.6; p=0.0004) whereas income was not (χ² =0.79; p=0.37). Low education continued to be significantly associated with increased likelihood of reporting an aggregate outcome (OR 5.057; 95% CI 1.73-14.82) whereas income was not significantly associated with reporting an aggregate outcome (OR 0.91; 95% CI: 0.39-2.12) even after adjustment. Conclusion: This is the first known study documenting that low educational attainment is associated with higher likelihood of reported cardiovascular disease among Deaf individuals. Higher income did not appear to provide a cardiovascular protective effect, unlike in the general population. This may be partially explained by the poor correlation between educational attainment and income in the study sample. Effective and accessible health communication and education with Deaf individuals with lower educational attainment could be addressed by the use of language-concordant providers and interpreters and following principles of clear communication (e.g. teach-back) to address ongoing cardiovascular health disparities.

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Abstract 031: Socioeconomic Trajectories Across the Life Course and Risk of All-cause and Cardiovascular Mortality: Prospective Findings From the Moli-sani Study

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.137.suppl_1.031 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 137 (suppl_1) ◽

Author(s):

Marialaura Bonaccio ◽

Augusto Di Castelnuovo ◽

Simona Costanzo ◽

Mariarosaria Persichillo ◽

Chiara Cerletti ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Educational Attainment ◽

Life Course ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Cox Regression ◽

Low Ses ◽

Increased Risk ◽

Higher Educational ◽

Higher Educational Attainment ◽

The Life Course

Introduction: A life course approach has been suggested as the most appropriated to establish the actual impact of socioeconomic status (SES) on health outcomes. Hypothesis: We assessed the hypothesis that SES trajectories from childhood to adulthood are useful to better evaluate the role of SES towards mortality risk in a large general population-based cohort. Methods: Longitudinal analysis on 22,194 subjects recruited in the general population of the Moli-sani study, Italy (2005-2010). Educational attainment (low/high) and SES in adulthood (measured by a score including occupational social class, housing and overcrowding, and dichotomized as low/high) were used to define four possible trajectories both in low and high SES in childhood (age of 8). Hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were calculated by multivariable Cox regression and competing risk models. Results: Over a median follow-up of 8.3 years (182,924 person-years), 1155 all-cause, of which 414 cardiovascular (CVD), deaths were ascertained. In the group with low SES in childhood, as opposed to those stably low (low education and low SES in adulthood), an upward in both educational attainment and material factors in adulthood was associated with lower risk of both all-cause (HR=0.64; 95%CI 0.52-0.79; Table) and CVD mortality (HR=0.62; 0.43-0.88), respectively. Subjects with high childhood SES experienced an increased risk of total and CVD death in absence of higher educational attainment despite a higher SES in adulthood (HR=1.47; 1.04-2.07 and HR=1.75;1.00-3.05, respectively) as compared to the group with both high education and high SES in adulthood. Conclusions: In conclusion, for individuals with low SES in childhood, an upward of both educational attainment and material factors over the life course is associated with lower risk of total and CVD death. In advantaged groups in childhood, lack of a higher educational attainment, rather than material factors, over the life course appears to be unfavourably associated with survival.

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Health behaviours reported by adults with congenital heart disease across 15 countries

European Journal of Preventive Cardiology ◽

10.1177/2047487319876231 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (10) ◽

pp. 1077-1087 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Christina E Holbein ◽

James Peugh ◽

Gruschen R Veldtman ◽

Silke Apers ◽

Koen Luyckx ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Congenital Heart Disease ◽

Heart Disease ◽

Educational Attainment ◽

Health Behaviour ◽

Congenital Heart ◽

Health Behaviours ◽

Self Report ◽

Optimal Health ◽

Higher Educational ◽

Higher Educational Attainment

Background Health behaviours are essential to maintain optimal health and reduce the risk of cardiovascular complications in adults with congenital heart disease. This study aimed to describe health behaviours in adults with congenital heart disease in 15 countries and to identify patient characteristics associated with optimal health behaviours in the international sample. Design This was a cross-sectional observational study. Methods Adults with congenital heart disease ( n = 4028, median age = 32 years, interquartile range 25–42 years) completed self-report measures as part of the Assessment of Patterns of Patient-Reported Outcomes in Adults with Congenital Heart disease - International Study (APPROACH-IS). Participants reported on seven health behaviours using the Health Behaviors Scale-Congenital Heart Disease. Demographic and medical characteristics were assessed via medical chart review and self-report. Multivariate path analyses with inverse sampling weights were used to investigate study aims. Results Health behaviour rates for the full sample were 10% binge drinking, 12% cigarette smoking, 6% recreational drug use, 72% annual dental visit, 69% twice daily tooth brushing, 27% daily dental flossing and 43% sport participation. Pairwise comparisons indicated that rates differed between countries. Rates of substance use behaviours were higher in younger, male participants. Optimal dental health behaviours were more common among older, female participants with higher educational attainment while sports participation was more frequent among participants who were younger, male, married, employed/students, with higher educational attainment, less complex anatomical defects and better functional status. Conclusions Health behaviour rates vary by country. Predictors of health behaviours may reflect larger geographic trends. Our findings have implications for the development and implementation of programmes for the assessment and promotion of optimal health behaviours in adults with congenital heart disease.

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Trends and Disparities in Self-Reported and Measured Osteoporosis among US Adults, 2007–2014

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm8122052 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (12) ◽

pp. 2052 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Qing Wu ◽

Yingke Xu ◽

Ge Lin

Keyword(s):

High School ◽

Socioeconomic Status ◽

Educational Attainment ◽

National Health ◽

Family Income ◽

Education Attainment ◽

The Us ◽

Race Ethnicity ◽

Higher Educational Attainment ◽

Nutritional Examination Survey

(1) Background: Studies examining osteoporosis trends among US adults by different socioeconomic status (SES) are limited. The prevalence of self-reported osteoporosis in the US is rarely reported. (2) Methods: Data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) between 2007–2008 and 2013–2014 cycles were analyzed. Age-adjusted prevalence of self-reported and that of measured osteoporosis were calculated overall and by sex, race/ethnicity, education attainment, and SES. (3) Results: The prevalence of self-reported osteoporosis was higher than that of measured osteoporosis in all three survey cycles for women, and in 2007–2008 and 2009–2010 for men. Participants with high school/GED or higher educational attainment had an increased prevalence of measured osteoporosis during the study period. Among all SES groups, participants with low family income (PIR < 1.3) had the highest prevalence of measured osteoporosis, and the prevalence increased from 49.3 per 1000 population to 71.8 per 1000 population during the study period. (4) Conclusions: The prevalence of self-reported osteoporosis was higher than that of measured osteoporosis in US adults between 2007 and 2014. The age-adjusted prevalence of measured osteoporosis increased in participants with the educational attainment of high school/GED or above, and individuals with low family income.

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The Association between Family Structure Changes and High School Completion in South Africa

Social Sciences ◽

10.3390/socsci9080133 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (8) ◽

pp. 133

Author(s):

Annah Vimbai Bengesai ◽

Nompumelelo Nzimande

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

High School ◽

Young People ◽

Educational Attainment ◽

Family Structure ◽

National Income ◽

High School Completion ◽

Family Structures ◽

School Completion ◽

Using Data

Over the past few years, family structures have been dramatically transformed, yet limited research from South Africa has assessed the effect on children’s developmental outcomes. Using data from the National Income Dynamics Study, we aim to contribute to the literature by examining the relationship between family structure disruption and high school completion in South Africa. Our sample consisted of 1649 young people who were aged 12, 13 and 14 in 2008 and their educational attainment was tracked through to 2017. The results from the logistic regression analysis demonstrate that family structure disruption is negatively associated with high school completion. After controlling for variation in household income change, the child’s educational factors and socio-demographic controls, young people who experienced a change from a co-resident family or were in stable non-resident parent family structures were up to 50% less likely to complete high school relative to those from undisrupted co-resident parent family structures. Given that family structure disruption is a widespread phenomenon in South Africa, research should consider it as a key determinant of educational attainment and policymakers should come up with holistic interventions to support families as well as allocate public resources in ways that can help reduce educational inequalities.

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State fragility and transparency

International Journal of Development Issues ◽

10.1108/ijdi-06-2016-0034 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 15 (3) ◽

pp. 202-223 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nabamita Dutta ◽

Sanjukta Roy

Keyword(s):

Public Policy ◽

Educational Attainment ◽

Robust Estimation ◽

Lower State ◽

Content Type ◽

State Fragility ◽

Basic Functions ◽

Higher Educational ◽

Higher Educational Attainment ◽

The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to test the relationship between state fragility and transparency. A state is deemed fragile when it falters in its ability to manage conflict and in its capacity to deliver basic functions and implement public policy. Although minimizing fragility of the state is undoubtedly an integral component of economic development, there is a huge variation across countries in terms of where they stand with regard to fragility. Further, it also explores how educational attainment affects the relationship between state fragility and transparency. Design/methodology/approach Using several robust estimation methodologies and a relatively new database on transparency, the authors find that higher levels of transparency lower state fragility. They reply on fixed effect estimators, lagged one period and five periods and system GMM estimators as part of our identification strategy. Findings Using several robust estimation methodologies and a relatively new database on transparency, the authors find that a higher level of transparency lowers state fragility. Greater and free flow of information empowers the populace, restores trust in government, increases participation in the political arena and, thus, reduces state fragility. This paper additionally shows that higher educational attainment helps reap the benefits of transparency even more and, thus, catalyzes transparency to lower-state fragility more effectively. Research limitations/implications Our research shows that greater transparency leads to lower state fragility. Additionally, if the populace of the country has higher educational attainment, the benefits of transparency in reducing state fragility is enhanced. Although enhancing transparency amid high state fragility may be a challenging task, it can be achieved by providing the populace with better media access via internet and cell phones. Originality/value The authors use a relatively new database of transparency to show that transparency acts as an important determinant of state fragility. A state is deemed fragile when it falters in its ability to manage conflict and in its capacity to deliver basic functions and implement public policy. Given this definition, it is needless to say that what can affect state fragility and how can such fragility be lowered is an important research agenda. This paper aims to fill this gap. Additionally, it shows the importance of education while exploring such a relationship.

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Specific psychological variables predict quality of diet in women of lower, but not higher, educational attainment

Appetite ◽

10.1016/j.appet.2010.11.003 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 56 (1) ◽

pp. 46-52 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

Wendy Lawrence ◽

Wolff Schlotz ◽

Sarah Crozier ◽

Timothy C. Skinner ◽

Cheryl Haslam ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Educational Attainment ◽

Psychological Variables ◽

Higher Educational ◽

Higher Educational Attainment

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Origin and integration: a study of migrants in the 2016 Irish Census

10.26504/bkmnext392.pdf ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Frances McGinnity ◽

◽

Ivan Privalko ◽

Éamonn Fahey ◽

Doireann O'Brien ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Educational Attainment ◽

Higher Educational ◽

Higher Educational Attainment ◽

Migrant Groups

Many migrant groups have higher educational attainment but higher unemployment levels, according to a new ESRI study.

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"An Investigation Of The İmpact Of Green Supply Chain Practices On Green Performance: Case Of Gauteng Province.".

11th GLOBAL CONFERENCE ON BUSINESS AND SOCIAL SCIENCES - Global Conference on Business and Social Sciences Proceeding ◽

10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2020.11(168) ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 168-168

Author(s):

Chriss N Mangoukou Ngouapegne

Keyword(s):

Higher Education ◽

South Africa ◽

High School ◽

Student Satisfaction ◽

Student Performance ◽

Learning Experience ◽

Developed Countries ◽

Global Knowledge ◽

Related Factors ◽

The Impact

Worldwide, higher education is considered as a driver of economic, social and the political changes driving global knowledge (Ngoma, Ntale & Abaho 2017). Besides the increase access to education, the quality of graduate reflected by their academic performance is worrying (Ridzuan, Yunus, Abdullah, Bakar, Azlan & Ramlan 2018). Paloș, Maricuţoiu and Coste (2019), noticed that a large number of enrolled student graduates with poor grades or fail to graduate. In an attempt to retain and capture market share with the increase in study options, higher education all over the world are constantly struggling to provide a distinctive learning experience necessary to improve their students' performance (McGillicuddy & McGloin 2018). Considering the increasingly competitive and dynamic education environment, higher education can no longer ignore the needs and factors required to enhance student performance. Poor student performance in higher education institution has been a major source of concern for decision makers in the educational sector. Lai (2015), posits that the poor student performance can be attributed to the student-related factors such as attendance classes, score in high school, competence in quantitative subject and preparation to exam or tests. Moreover, Glew, Ramjan, Salas, Raper Creed and Salamonson (2019) state that poor attitude to the subject, lack of innovative teaching techniques, inadequate materials and inadequate funding to support the students negatively impact the performance of student. In addition, most prior research on performance has been done at high school or colleges, rather than at university level (Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) 2017). While, studies on student performance in developed countries are well documented, little attention has been dedicated in less developed countries such as South Africa (Ngoma et al., 2017). Given the difference between culture in developed and less developed counties, this study focused on investigating the antecedents of student performance in South Africa. Keywords: Student royalty, student satisfaction, student motivation, student performance

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