Restorative Processes in the Thyroid Gland of Russian Long-Haired Rams in Postnatal Ontogenesis

The aimof this study is to study the recovery processes in the thyroid gland of Russian long-haired sheep in postnatal ontogenesis.Material and methods. The material for the study was 77 rams of the Russian long-haired breed of various ages. Fragments of the thyroid gland were fixed in a 10% solution of neutral formalin, in liquids of Shtive and Buena. Thin paraffin sections with a thickness of 4–5 μm were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, azan according to Heydenhein, and the PAS-reaction was applied. The average area of all follicles in the field of view was determined at a magnification of ×80 (ob. 10; oc. 8) using G.G. Autandilov ocular grid (50 fields of viewfor each animal). Based on the obtained absolute values of the area of the follicles and the interfollicular epithelium (mm 2 ), the relative value (%) of the area of the follicles and the interfollicular epithelium was determined. Using a screw eyepiece micrometer, the diameter of the nuclei of thyrocytes in the follicles and thyrocytes of the interfollicular epithelium was measured. The area of the nuclei was determined by the diameter of the nuclei. The mitotic index (MI) in ‰ was calculated . The number of dividing cells per thousand thyrocytes was calculated. At least 20,000 cells were counted for each animal.Results.It was found that in rams aged 15 days, the area of interfollicular epithelium was 86.5%, microfollicles occupied an area of 13.5%. Dividing cells were common, with the MI of follicular and interfollicular thyrocytes being 0.19‰. In rams at the age of 2 months, the number of small follicles increased, the areaof which was 19.7%. MI in follicles increased to 0.21‰, in interfollicular epithelium it decreased to 0.16‰. In rams at the age of 4 months, the area of follicles almost doubled, the area of interfollicular epithelium decreased by 16.1%. In rams aged 2–3 years, the area of interfollicular epithelium decreased, while MI decreased and was 0.13‰ in 3-year-old animals. In rams at the age of 4 and 5 years, there was a decrease in the functional activity of thefollicles. MI in large follicles was higher than in small follicles (0.12–0.13‰ versus 0.09‰).

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COLORIMETRY OF HISTOLOGICAL MATERIAL

Acta medica Eurasica ◽

10.47026/2413-4864-2020-4-7-18 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 7-18

Author(s):

Vadim A. Kozlov ◽

Sergey P. Sapozhnikov

Keyword(s):

Field Of View ◽

Analysis Program ◽

Experience Design ◽

Color Analysis ◽

Paraffin Sections ◽

Additional Information ◽

Software Products ◽

Color Separation ◽

Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽

Histological Specimen

The relevance of the research lies in the use of conventional software products distributed under the GNU license to assess staining of histological material based on the analysis of photomicrographs. The purpose of the study is to demonstrate the opportunities of conventional software distributed under the GNU license, designed for color analysis of photos in histology to identify differences in tinctorial properties of tissues. The authors evaluated the opportunities of the Color Analysis program launched in the Android Nox Player 6.6.1.0 emulator (GNU license) under Windows 10 for color analysis of photomicrographs of various tissues histological sections. Photomicrographs of paraffin sections of 5 microns thick were obtained using a micro-microscope Mikmed-5 using a Levenhuk C800 NG 8M video eyepiece, USB 2.0. A white light lamp Feron G4 4000 K was used as an illuminator. In color analysis of photomicrographs stained with hematoxylin and eosin, or hematoxylin and Congo red, or by Unna, or by the designer three-color amyloid staining in the Color Analysis program, color separation patterns were obtained that reflect the relative area (%) of the field of view staining with shades characteristic for this method of staining. The authors formulate the standard conditions for the preparation of histological specimen and conditions for photographing micro-preparations to obtain comparable results in an experiment with the control-experience design. It is concluded that the program color analysis provides a significant amount of additional information about the histological material, which can be formalized and studied as statistical values.

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Age Dependency of Spermatogenesis Efficiency in Cats

Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology ◽

10.18499/2225-7357-2020-9-1-64-68 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (1) ◽

pp. 64-68

Author(s):

P. M. Torgun ◽

D. B. Nikityuk ◽

S. V. Klochkova ◽

N. T. Alexeeva ◽

A. G. Kvaratskheliya ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Maximum Diameter ◽

Paraffin Sections ◽

First Order ◽

Measurement Results ◽

Early Spermatid ◽

Pas Reaction ◽

Kolmogorov Smirnov ◽

Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽

Dying Cells ◽

Smirnov Test

The purpose of this study is to study the efficiency of spermatogenesis in old and young cats in various seasons of the yearMaterial and methods. The material has been collected from 16 cats of different ages in winter and summer periods in Voronezh veterinary clinics while animals being sterilized. The testicles were fixed in Shtiva’s liquid and Buen’s liquid. The material was poured into paraffin and a series of paraffin sections 4–5 μm thick were prepared. Sections were stained with hematoxylin and eosin, iron hematoxylin, Heidengain azane, trichrome-PAS reaction and tetrachrome-PAS reaction. By means of a helical eyepiece-micrometer, the diameter of the testicles tubules and the epididymis (50 measurements for each animal) were measured. To determine the effectiveness of spermatogenesis at an increase in 900 times, the number of first-order spermatocytes in the zigotene and pachitene stage, early spermatid (50 canals for each animal) was estimated. The normality of the distribution was determined using the Kolmogorov–Smirnov test and the Lilliefors adjustment. The measurement results were processed using the nonparametric Mann–Whitney U-criteria. Changes at Р<0.05 were considered statistically significant.Results. The maximum diameter of the testicular tubules and the canal of the epididymis was found in animals at two years of age. These parameters in cats at the age of 8 years are reduced by 29.2%, and by17.0%, respectively. Comparing the number of dying cells in old and young animals, it can be noted that in cats at the age of 8 years the number of dying spermatids increases, while spermatogenesis efficiency decrease is statistically significant (by 19.1%).

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CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF MULTIPLE ORGAN FAILURE IN CASES OF PERITONEAL SEPSIS

International Journal of Medicine and Medical Research ◽

10.11603/ijmmr.2413-6077.2017.2.7917 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

L. Yu. Ivashchuk ◽

I. B. Pizhitsky

Keyword(s):

Small Intestine ◽

Multiple Organ ◽

Terminal Part ◽

Paraffin Sections ◽

Morphological Criteria ◽

Translocation Mechanism ◽

Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽

Characteristic Features ◽

Insufficiency Syndrome ◽

Neutral Formalin

Background. The study of hystomorphology of liver and small intestine in experimental peritonitis is presented. Due to this information the criterion of pathogenetic moment transition SIRS for peritoneal sepsis was determined.Objective. The aim of the research was to study the morphology of terminal part of small intestine and liver in cases of experimental peritonitis.Methods. For histological and electron microscope study the biopsy of liver, small intestine were taken; the samples were stabilized in a neutral formalin, dried in alcohol of increasing concentration and placed in paraffin. Paraffin sections were painted with hematoxylin and eosin and studied under the light-optical microscope.Results. Apoptosis caused damage to enterocytes and hepatocytes of first bacterial translocation. Mechanism of vasodilatation effect of NO and its effect on apoptosis were determined. Septic shock was accompaniment of two main levels of body cells damage: apoptosis and membranes destruction. Peritoneal sepsis is a grave condition caused by progressive peritonitis and polyorgan insufficiency syndrome. The phases of peritonealis sepsis pathogenesis were defined.Conclusions. The presented morphological criteria prove the initiation of apoptosis within 24 hours after the development of peritonitis in enterocytes and hepatocytes.

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REACTION OF THE LYMPHOID SPLENIC TISSUE IN WHITE MICE ON AMYLOIDOGENESIS

Acta medica Eurasica ◽

10.47026/2413-4864-2020-3-30-36 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 30-36

Author(s):

Liliya Yu. Ilyina ◽

Vadim A. Kozlov ◽

Sergey P. Sapozhnikov ◽

Ruslan A. Geraev

Keyword(s):

Splenic Tissue ◽

Case Group ◽

White Pulp ◽

Paraffin Sections ◽

Morphological Pattern ◽

Experimental Amyloidosis ◽

Field Of Vision ◽

Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽

The Mean ◽

Red Pulp

The reaction of lymphoid splenic tissue of mice on albumin model of systemic amyloidosis (case group, N = 5) was studied and compared to a similar indicator of intact mice (N = 5). Paraffin sections of the spleen, stained with hematoxylin and eosin and Congo red, were microscoped in a regredient LED white light on "Lumam-4" microscope. The absolute area of lymphatic follicles (LFs), their diameters and the area of amyloid lesion were measured on microphotos obtained with the help of video-eyepiece Levenhuk C800 NG 8M in LevenhukLite program. The obtained data were used for calculating the indicators: the relative areas of amyloid lesion (SrelA)), the red (SrelKB) and the white (SrelBP) pulp, the red/white pulp index, LFs' ovalityindex. The number of LFs was counted in the field of vision at magnification of 100. The obtained data were processed using the methods of descriptive and variative statistics and presented in the form of M±m, where M is the mean, m is the standard deviation. Differences of the means were determined using z test. The morphological pattern of the spleen in intact mice corresponded to the histological norm. The wet mass of the spleen in intact animals was 0.75±0.01 g, no signs of amyloidosis were found. In the case group, the wet mass of the spleen increased to 2.2±0.06 g (p=0.000), SrelA was 33.85± 3.39%. The average number of LFs in the field of vision did not change. The diameters by the large and small axes differed by 18% in intact animals and by 6.6% in experimental ones (p=0.000). Respectively, the area of LFs decreased by 11.2% and the ovality index increased by 10.3% (p = 0.0066) in experimental mice. SrelKB and SrelBPdid not change during the formation of amyloidosis. But the Red/White Pulp Index increased by 59.2% (p=0.008). Simulation of amyloidosis in experimental animals was accompanied by a significant increase in the area of the red pulp and by a reduction in the area of white pulp. Thus, the calculated relative morphometric indicators are more informative than the directly measured initial data; the wet mass of the spleen during experimental amyloidosis formation significantly increases; the lymphoid tissue of the spleen readily responds to amyloidogenesis by the change in the ratio of the red and white pulp, as well as by the change in the shape and the area of the lymph follicles.

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Autoradiographic Studies of the Utilization of Ca45 by the Chick Embryo

The Journal of Cell Biology ◽

10.1083/jcb.4.2.163 ◽

1958 ◽

Vol 4 (2) ◽

pp. 163-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Perry M. Johnston

Keyword(s):

Chick Embryo ◽

Bone Formation ◽

Bone Matrix ◽

Endochondral Bone Formation ◽

Paraffin Sections ◽

Endochondral Bone ◽

Tissue Sections ◽

Isotope Concentration ◽

Neutral Formalin

Calcium-45 was injected into the dense albumen of fertile hen's eggs, to the extent of 25 µc. per egg. The eggs were incubated under standard conditions and three or more embryos removed daily and fixed in 10 per cent neutral formalin. Stripping-film autoradiograms were prepared from paraffin sections of the tibiofibulae. Exposure varied with the isotope concentration. The tissue sections with their autoradiograms in place were stained with dilute Giemsa, while other sections were stained with hematoxylin-azure-eosin and by von Kossa to demonstrate bone salt. At about 9 days, Ca45 is found in the cartilage template both intra- and extracellularly. Between 9 and 11 days, a primary diaphyseal lamella is deposited which is largely acellular. The lamella is eroded by capillaries from the periosteum and a resorption center is established in the cartilage. New lamellae of bone are deposited centrifugally in an imbricated pattern. Bone matrix formation precedes calcification by about 1 to ½ days, and calcification in a particular lamella is not uniform. Endochondral bone formation is described, as well as calcification of the epiphyseal/diaphyseal cartilage. Calcium-45 occurs intracellularly in the osteocyte during bone formation.

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Morphofunctional Parameters of the Spleen Under Immobilization Stress and the Use of Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide

Journal of Anatomy and Histopathology ◽

10.18499/2225-7357-2021-10-2-30-37 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 30-37

Author(s):

S. V. Klochkova ◽

N. T. Alexeeva ◽

D. B. Nikityuk ◽

P. M. Torgun ◽

I. A. Ul'yanov ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immobilization Stress ◽

Sharp Decrease ◽

Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide ◽

Control Group ◽

White Pulp ◽

Recovery Processes ◽

Reactive Center ◽

Complete Restoration ◽

Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽

Red Pulp

The aimof this study was to determine the morphofunctional features of the spleen in rats under immobilization stress and administration of bacterial lipopolysaccharide.Material and methods.60 white Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups. The animals of the first control group were injected with saline. The rats of the second control group were injected with lipopolysaccharide. In the rats of the third group, immobilization stress was induced and the animals of this group were injectedwith saline. In rats of the fourth group, immobilization stress was also caused and lipopolysaccharide was administered in the form of the drug Pyrogenal (Medgamal, Russia) in a dose of 100 µg/kg of body weight. Fragments of the spleen were fixed in a 10% solution of neutral formalin, dehydrated in alcohols of increasing strength, and embedded in paraffin. Thin paraffin sections 4–5 µm thick were stained with hematoxylin and eosin. The area of longitudinal sections of the spleen, the area of the white and red pulp were determined planimetrically. Using a screw m icrometer eyepiece, the width of the reactive center of the lymph nodes of the white pulp, the width of the mantle and marginal zone of the nodules, as well as the width of the periarterial lymphoid sheath were measured (40–50 measurements for each animal).Results.It was found that on the 3rd day after the stress morphological signs of a sharp decrease in the activity of the white pulp were revealed. On the 8th day, pronounced recovery processes in the spleen were noted, however, complete restoration of the structure of the spleen did not occur. On the 3rd and 8th days after stress and administration of lipopolysaccharide, no signs of inhibition of the activity of the white and red pulp were found in the spleen; morphological parameters of the spleen did not differ from the control values.

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Evaluation of histochemical and molecular markers in the placenta of sows during pregnancy complicated by isoimmunization

E3S Web of Conferences ◽

10.1051/e3sconf/202127302003 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 273 ◽

pp. 02003

Author(s):

Alexander Agarkov ◽

Elena Grudeva ◽

Nikolay Agarkov ◽

Natalia Pisarenko ◽

Nikolay Belugin

Keyword(s):

Population Level ◽

Cellular Tissue ◽

Placental Barrier ◽

Large White ◽

Large White Breed ◽

White Breed ◽

Clinical Consequences ◽

Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽

Antigen Antibody ◽

Neutral Formalin

It is known that the pathological course of pregnancy is associated with a disturbance in the interdependent “mother-fetus” complex and leads to specific clinical consequences at the molecular-cellular, tissue, organ, organismal and population levels of organization. In case of violation of placentation (placental barrier), a state of immune conflict occurs, characterized by an antigen-antibody reaction, carried out through the placenta (in relation to the fetus), or through colostrum after birth (in relation to the newborn offspring). Therefore, immunological relations at the population level should be considered both the consequences of the action of the maternal organism’s antigens on the fetus, and the effects of the allogeneic action of the fetus on the mother’s body. According to the results of the experiment, the placentas of 10 sows of Large White breed were used as the material, which showed signs of isoimmunization to the resulting offspring. For histological examination, immediately after delivery, pieces of placenta up to 0.5 cm thick were selected, which were fixed in a 10% aqueous solution of neutral formalin. The fixed material after wiring through alcohols of increasing concentration, xylene, xylene-paraffin, was poured into paraffin. The obtained preparations were stained with conventional methods-hematoxylin and eosin. d (fibrinoid masses).

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Histomorphometrical and Stereological Study of the Lungs in Neonatal Rats Born to Paraquat-poisoned Pregnant Rats: Protective Effect of Coenzyme Q10

Iranian Jornal of Toxicology ◽

10.32598/ijt.14.2.581 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

pp. 71-80

Author(s):

Fatemeh Balazadeh ◽

◽

Rasoul Shahrooz ◽

Ali Shalizar Jalali ◽

Hamid Karimi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protective Effect ◽

Olive Oil ◽

Coenzyme Q10 ◽

Complete Recovery ◽

Control Group ◽

Interstitial Tissue ◽

Newborn Rats ◽

Paraffin Sections ◽

Pregnant Rats ◽

Hematoxylin And Eosin

Background: Paraquat (PQ), an herbicide, is a very poisonous compound for both humans and animals. This study was conducted to examine the protective effect of the Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in newborn rats from pregnant rats pre-treated with PQ. Methods: The experiments were conducted on 25 rats, divided in five groups randomly and equally: 1. Control Group received normal saline (0.1 ml/day); 2. PQ Group received PQ only (5 mg/kg/day); 3. PQ+CoQ10 Group received PQ (5 mg/kg) and CoQ10 (10 mg/kg) daily; 4. PQ+olive oil Group received PQ (5 mg/kg) and olive oil (10 mg/kg) daily; 5. Olive oil Group received olive oil (10 mg/kg/day). All of the injections were made intraperitoneally and started on the 16th day of pregnancy through to parturition. Sixteen days after parturition, the lungs were removed from the newborn rats, paraffin sections were made and stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and analyzed histomorphometrically and stereologically. Results: The results revealed that interstitial tissue and lung alveoli had normal structures in the control and olive oil groups. In PQ and PQ-olive oil groups alveolar hemorrhage, inflammation, extensive fibrosis, decreased alveolar numbers, increased mast cells, and changes in the epithelia were observed. In PQ-CoQ10 Group there was a significant recovery in all of the histological alterations. Conclusion: Generally, Coenzyme Q10 had a protective effect against lung damages caused by PQ, but a complete recovery of the damaged lung tissue would probably take longer than 16 days after birth.

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Ultrastructural Findings of a Rare Myxoid Tumor in a Case of Scleroderma

Proceedings, annual meeting, Electron Microscopy Society of America ◽

10.1017/s0424820100093614 ◽

1972 ◽

Vol 30 ◽

pp. 72-73

Author(s):

L. H. Cowley ◽

L. L. Turk ◽

W. D. Grafton ◽

R. M. Jamison

Keyword(s):

Similar Case ◽

Amorphous Material ◽

Paraffin Sections ◽

Large Tumor ◽

Reticular Dermis ◽

Myxoid Tumor ◽

Hematoxylin And Eosin ◽

The Right ◽

Ultrastructural Findings ◽

Systemic Form

Scleroderma is a skin disease of unknown cause. The systemic form frequently begins peripherally, producing atrophy of the underlying fat and a thickening of the dermis. Tumors associated with scleroderma are distinctly uncommon. Only one other similar case has been alluded to in the literature.This patient presented with tumors 4mm to 3cm in size over the fingers and toes. The tumors were tense to touch although readily depressable without pain. A large tumor was removed surgically from the right index finger. Hematoxylin and eosin staining of paraffin sections revealed a normal appearing epidermis with slight thickening of the papillary dermis. The reticular dermis was edematous and contained sparse amounts of collagen with some fibroblast-like cells which were spindle-shaped and stellate. Histochemical stains showed a large quantity of amorphous material that was PAS positive, diastase-resistant and alcian blue positive at pH 4.

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