scholarly journals Accumulation of heavy metals and arsenic with medicinal herbal raw material of common shovel harvested in Voronezh region

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-487
Author(s):  
Nina A. Dyakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollution ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Active Centers ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Voronezh Region

The Voronezh region is traditionally the most important area of crop production and agriculture. The purpose of the research was to study the contamination with heavy metals of medicinal plant raw materials of the Voronezh region using the example of the roots of ordinary burdock, prepared in urbo- and agro-ecosystems, which have various anthropogenic effects on themselves. The accumulation of heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, copper, zinc, cobalt, chromium) and arsenic in 51 samples of raw materials was studied. By comparing the heavy metal content in the upper soil layers of the region and the content of these elements in the roots of the bladder, it can be assumed that there are significant physiological barriers to the accumulation of ecotoxicants in the roots of the bladder, which is especially noticeable for elements such as lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt and chromium. At the same time, this type of medicinal vegetal raw material is able to selectively concentrate some heavy metals included in the active centers of enzyme systems (copper and zinc). Thus, for an ordinary bladder under conditions of anthropogenic load, an edaphotype is formed, which is as a result of selection in conditions of anthropogenic pollution of the external environment and the manifestation of adaptation to these conditions.

scholarly journals Accumulation of Heavy Metals and Arsenic by Medicinal Plant Raw Material of Bitter Hollow

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-453
Author(s):  
Nina A. Dyakova ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Active Centers ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials

The Voronezh region is traditionally the most important area of crop production and farming. The purpose of the study was to study the contamination by heavy metals of medicinal vegetable raw materials of the Voronezh region using the example of grass of the bitter emery collected in urban and agro-ecological systems, which experience various anthropogenic effects. The accumulations of heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, copper, zinc, cobalt, chromium) and arsenic were studied, in 51 samples of pooch grass bitter. Comparing the data on heavy metal content in the upper soil layers of the region and the content of these elements in the grass of the pollen bitter, it can be assumed that there are significant physiological barriers to the accumulation of ecotoxicants in the generative organs of the plant, which is particularly noticeable for elements such as lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt and chromium. Pollen bitter is able to selectively concentrate some heavy metals entering the active centers of enzyme systems (such as copper and zinc). Thus, for a moon bitter under anthropogenic load conditions, an edaphotype is formed, which is formed as a result of the action of selection in conditions of man-made pollution of the external environment and is a manifestation of adaptation to these conditions. The results of the studies showed that the grass of the bitter emery is able to accumulate toxic elements from the soil, which is important in planning the places of production of medicinal vegetable raw materials and assessing their quality.

scholarly journals Accumulation of heavy metals and arsenic in grass leonurus quinquelobatum gilib

2021 ◽  
Vol 54 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-56
Author(s):  
Nina Alekseevna Dyakova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Active Centers ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Copper Zinc ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials ◽  
Heavy Metals And Arsenic

Annotation. The Voronezh region is traditionally the most important area of crop production and farming. The purpose of the study was to study the contamination by heavy metals of medicinal vegetable raw materials of the Voronezh region on the example of the grass of the five-plant desert collected in urban and agro-ecological systems, which experience different anthropogenic effects. The accumulations of heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, copper, zinc, cobalt, chromium) and arsenic were studied, in 51 samples of five-layer desert grass. Comparing the data on heavy metal content in the upper soil layers of the region and the content of these elements in the grass of the five-layer desert, it can be assumed that there are significant physiological barriers to the accumulation of ecotoxicants in the generative organs of the plant, which is particularly noticeable for elements such as lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt and chromium. The five-point desert is able to selectively concentrate some heavy metals entering the active centers of enzyme systems (such as copper and zinc) if their environmental content is below some vital level; With a significant content of these elements in soils, the plant also physiologically blocked their entry into the leaves. Thus, for a five-layer desert under anthropogenic load conditions, an edaphotype is formed as a result of the action of selection under conditions of man-made pollution of the external environment and the manifestation of adaptation to these conditions. The results of studies have shown that the grass of the five-plant desert is able to accumulate toxic elements from soils, which is important in planning the places of production of medicinal vegetable raw materials and assessing its quality.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of accumulation of heavy metals and arsenic in medicinal plant raw materials of plain thousand, collected in urban and agribiocenoses of the Voronezh region

2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 213-224
Author(s):  
Nina A. Dyakova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Active Centers ◽  
Voronezh Region ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials ◽  
Heavy Metals And Arsenic

The Voronezh region is traditionally the most important area of crop production and farming. The purpose of the study was to study contamination by heavy metals and arsenic of medicinal vegetable raw materials of the Voronezh region on the example of plain thousand-year-old grass collected in urban and agro-ecological systems with different anthropogenic effects. The study was carried out by atomic absorption spectrometry on the basis of atomic absorption spectrometer MGA-915MD pharmacopoeia methods, accumulation of heavy metals (lead, mercury, cadmium, nickel, copper, zinc, cobalt, chromium) and arsenic was studied in 51 samples of large planter leaves. Comparing the data on heavy metal content in the upper soil layers of the region and the content of these elements in the grass of the common thousand, it can be argued that there are significant physiological barriers to the accumulation of ecotoxicants in the plant, which is particularly noticeable for elements such as lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt and chromium. The thousand-year-old is able to selectively concentrate some heavy metals entering the active centers of enzyme systems (such as copper and zinc, for example) if their environmental content is below some vital level; With significant content of these elements in soils, the plant also physiologically blocked their entry into the above-ground part of the plant. The results of studies have shown that plain thousand grass is able to accumulate toxic elements from soils in a significant amount, which is important in planning the places of production of medicinal vegetable raw materials and assessing its quality.

MINERAL COMPOSITION OF THE PLANT ONOSMA GMELINII

2021 ◽  
pp. 71-74
Author(s):  
С.В. ШИЛОВ ◽  
Г.О. УСТЕНОВА ◽  
Л.Н. КИЕКБАЕВА ◽  
И.С. КОРОТЕЦКИЙ
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Mineral Composition ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Absorption Spectrometry ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Mineral Elements ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Medical Field ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Physicochemical Methods

Целью данной работы являлось изучение минерального состава надземной части и корня растения Onosma gmelinii. Количественное содержание минеральных элементов определяли методом атомно-абсорбционной спектрометрии на базе Центра физико-химических методов исследования и анализа. Концентрацию тяжелых металлов в растительном сырье определяли в ТОО «Нутритест». В результате исследования установлено, что элементный состав растения Onosma gmelinii включают 9 элементов. Анализ тяжелых металлов свидетельствует об экологической безопасности растительного сырья. Полученные данные позволяют утверждать о наличии значительного количества важных минеральных веществ в растении и перспективности использования данного сырья в медицине The goal of this work was to study the mineral composition of the aerial part and root of the plant Onosma gmelinii. The quantitative content of mineral elements was determined by atomic absorption spectrometry at the Center of Physicochemical Methods of Research and Analysis. The concentration of heavy metals in the plant raw material was determined at Nutritest LLP. As a result of the study, it was found that the elemental composition of the Onosma gmelinii plant includes 9 elements. Analysis of heavy metals evidences the environmental safety of plant raw materials. The data obtained allow us to assert the presence of a significant amount of essential minerals in the plant and the prospects for the use of this raw material in the medical field.

scholarly journals ECOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT OF MEDICINAL VEGETABLE RAW MATERIALS OF THE VORONEZH REGION ON THE EXAMPLE OF FLOWERS OF A TANSY ORDINARY

2020 ◽  
pp. 19-26
Author(s):  
N. A. Dyakova
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Atomic Absorption ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Voronezh Oblast ◽  
Cobalt Chromium ◽  
Tanacetum Vulgare ◽  
Nickel Copper ◽  
Top Soil ◽  
Vegetable Raw Materials

The article addresses to the problems of contamination by heavy metals of herbal substances in Voronezh Oblast, Russia. The object of the study was Tanacetum Vulgare gathered in urban and agro-ecosystems exposed to anthropogenic impact. The research was conducted by atomic absorption spectrophotometric method, using the MGA-915MD atomic absorption spectrometer in accordance with pharmacopoeia method. The study gave consideration to 51 samples of Tanacetum Vulgare contaminated by heavy metals (plumbum, mercury, cadmium, nickel, copper, zinc, cobalt, chromium) and arsenic. All samples meet the existing requirements, specified in reference documentation, in regards to norms of contained heavy metals (plumbum, cadmium, mercury) and aresnic. Comparing the data on the content of heavy metals in top soil of the region and the content of these elements in Tanacetum Vulgare blossoms, it can be argued that there exist some substantial physiological barriers preventing the plants from accumulation of ecotoxicants in their reproductive organs. It is most noticeable for such elements as plumbum, mercury, cadmium, cobalt and chromium. It appears that Tanacetum Vulgare is able to selectively absorb some heavy metals that penetrate into zymophore (e.g., copper and zinc) provided that their environmental content is below vital level. On the contrary, when the content of such elements in top soil was considerable, the plant blocked physiologically their penetration into the blossoms. Thereunder, it is fair to assume for Tanacetum Vulgare that, as a result of technological impact, the edaphotype forms and adapts to such environmental conditions. Tanacetum Vulgare blossoms accumulate toxic elements from top soil inconsiderably, which is important for procurement planning and assessment of herbal substances quality.

TECHNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HIGH QUALITY RAW MATERIAL OBTAINING FOR PECTIN PRODUCTION

1970 ◽  
pp. 47-50
Author(s):  
I. A. Ilina ◽  
I. A. Machneva ◽  
E. S. Bakun
Keyword(s):  
Raw Materials ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Environmental Safety ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Temperature Conductivity ◽  
Drying Temperature ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Gel Forming Ability

  The article is devoted to the study of the chemical composition, physical and thermal-pfysical characteristics of damp apple pomaces and the identifying patterns of influence of drying temperature the functional composition and gel-forming ability of pectin. The research is aimed at obtaining initial data for the subsequent calculation of the main technological, hydro-mechanical, thermal, structural and economic characteristics of devices for drying the plant raw materials, ensuring the environmental safety and high quality of pectin-containing raw materials, the reducing heat and energy costs. As a result of the study of the thermal characteristics of apple pomaces, the critical points (temperature conductivity – 16.5 x 10-8 m2/s, thermal conductivity – 0.28 W/m K, heat capacity – 1627 j/(kg K)) at a humidity of 56 % are determined, which characterizing the transition from the extraction of weakly bound moisture to the extraction of moisture with strong bonds (colloidal, adsorption). It was found that the pomaces obtained from apples of late ripening have a higher content of solids (21-23 %), soluble pectin and protopectin (2.5-4.5 %). Dried pomaces obtained from apple varieties of late ripening contain up to 25 % pectin, which allow us to recommend them as a source of raw materials for the production of pectin. The optimum modes of preliminary washing of raw materials are offered, allowing to the remove the ballast substances as much as possible. It is established that when the drying temperature increases, the destructive processes are catalyzed: the strength of the pectin jelly and the uronide component and the degree of pectin esterification are reduced. The optimum drying temperature of damp apple pomaces is 80 0C, at which the quality of pectin extracted from the dried raw materials is maintained as much as possible. It is shown that the most effective for the pectin production is a fraction with a particle size of 3-5 mm, which allow us to extract up to 71 % of pectin from raw materials.

TECHNOLOGY FOR OBTAINING PECTIN CONCENTRATE FROM ROSEHIP FRUITS

2021 ◽  
pp. 87-90
Author(s):  
М.Ж. Кизатова ◽  
Д.А. Абдуллаева
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Plant Raw Material ◽  
Pectin Substances

Статья посвящена важности пектиновых веществ, а также расширению сферы использования лекарственного растительного сырья. В качестве лекарственного растительного сырья представлены технологии получения пектинового экстракта из плодов шиповника, которые встречаются на территории Казахстана 25 видов. Применение пектина в медицине. The article is devoted to the importance of pectin substances, as well as to the expansion of the use of medicinal plant raw materials. As a medicinal plant raw material, technologies for obtaining pectin extract from rosehip fruits, which are found in 25 species on the territory of Kazakhstan, are presented. The use of pectin in medicine

scholarly journals Heavy Metals and Microelements in the System "Soil – Plant – Product of Plant Processing"

2021 ◽  
pp. 13-18
Author(s):  
М.А. Сенченко ◽  
М.В. Степанова
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Organic Production ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Migration Ability ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Plant Raw Materials ◽  
Additional Operation ◽  
Plant Product ◽  
Plant Processing

В России при производстве национальных напитков и продуктов питания используют сырьё растительного происхождения. Многие участки для возделываемых культур расположены вблизи урбанизированных районов, нефтеперерабатывающих и машиностроительных заводов. Исследования посвящены определению тяжёлых металлов в почвах урбанизированных и сельских районов Ярославской области и проведены в 2019–2020 гг. Целью данного исследования является определение содержания некоторых микроэлементов и тяжёлых металлов в почве, ревене и продукте его переработки – квасе, произведённом разными способами (рассматривались 2 технологии: технология с дополнительной операцией «вымачивание стеблей ревеня» и «настаивание стеблей ревеня и дополнительных ингредиентов» и технология с дополнительной операцией «варка стеблей ревеня и дополнительных ингредиентов»). При исследовании загрязнения почвы микроэлементами и тяжёлыми металлами на всех территориях превышения предельно допустимых концентраций не выявлено. Установлено, что по величине среднего содержания в водной вытяжке почвы исследуемые элементы на всех рассмотренных территориях региона образуют следующий убывающий ряд: железо > свинец > цинк > медь > мышьяк > кадмий. Более высокие концентрации цинка, железа, кадмия, свинца и мышьяка выявлены в урбанизированной территории, а меди – в сельской территории. Анализ миграционной способности элементов в системе «почва – растение – продукция растительного происхождения» показал наличие плохой миграционной способности для цинка и железа. Использование растительного сырья, произведённого по технологии органического производства и по разработанной технологии переработки растительного сырья, способствовало наименьшему воздействию на его составные части, увеличению содержания макро- и микроэлементов. При этом содержание токсичных элементов остаётся в пределах действующих нормативных документов. Технология, включающая дополнительную операцию «варка», обеспечила наибольшую экстракцию макро- и микроэлементов из ревеня в квас. In Russia, raw materials of plant origin are used in the production of national beverages and food products. Many areas for cultivated crops are located near urbanized areas, oil refineries and mechanical engineering plants. Researches are devoted to the definition of heavy metals in soils of urbanized and rural areas of the Yaroslavl region and were carried out in 2019–2020. The purpose of this study is to determine the content of some microelements and heavy metals in soil, rhubarb and its processing product – kvass produced in various ways (2 technologies were considered: technology with an additional operation "soaking rhubarb stems" and "infusing rhubarb stems and additional ingredients" and technology with an additional operation "boiling rhubarb stems and additional ingredients"). When investigating soil contamination with microelements and heavy metals in all territories, no excess of maximum permissible concentrations was found. It was established that in terms of the average content in the water extract of the soil, the examined elements in all the considered territories of the region form the following decreasing series: iron > lead > zinc > copper > arsenic > cadmium. Higher concentrations of zinc, iron, cadmium, lead and arsenic were found in urbanized territory, and copper in rural territory. An analysis of the migration ability of elements in the system "soil – plant – product of plant processing" showed the presence of poor migration ability for zinc and iron. The use of plant raw materials produced according to the organic production technology and the developed technology for processing plant raw materials contributed to the least impact on its components, an increase in the content of macro- and microelements. At the same time, the content of toxic elements remains within the limits of existing regulatory documents. The technology, including an additional "boiling" operation, ensured the greatest extraction of macro- and microelements from rhubarb to kvass.

scholarly journals Regulatory and technological prerequisites of the use of sewage sludge for the production of organic fertilizers

2020 ◽  
pp. 162-170
Author(s):  
R. Edgecock ◽  
V. V. Bratishko ◽  
I. V. Zinchenko ◽  
S. H. Karpus ◽  
D. O. Milko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Sewage Sludge ◽  
Municipal Wastewater ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Sewage Treatment ◽  
Sewage Treatment Plant ◽  
Treatment Plant ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers

Annotation Purpose. Summarize the regulatory and technological requirements for the production of organic (organo-mineral) fertilizers on the base of sewage sludge. Methods. Analysis and generalization of the requirements of regulatory documents on the management of organic waste and their use as raw materials for the production of organic fertilizers and soil improvers. Results. The current legislative, departmental and regulatory documentary base in Ukraine concerning the treatment of sediment resulting from biological sewage treatment at municipal wastewater treatment plants for its further use in agriculture as fertilizers is analysed. Indicators are identified and analysed to determine the possibility, feasibility, efficiency and scope of organic fertilizers produced using sewage sludge. The analysis of changes in the content of organic matter and total nitrogen in the sewage sludge during its storage at the sewage treatment plant sites is presented. The technological feasibility of using sludge of different shelf life in composting production has been determined. Conclusions 1. The regulatory framework of Ukraine contains a sufficiently complete list of indicators that should be met by organic raw materials (sewage sludge) for further use as organic fertilizers. Some of these indicators – bio security and heavy metals content – can be improved in the composting process of fertilizers. 2. Fresh sediment, as well as sediment accumulated in the last late autumn and winter periods, is of main value for use as a raw material in the production of organic fertilizers. 3. The use in the production of compost sludge stored on sludge sites for a period of half a year or more requires special control of the process of decontamination. In this case, it is advisable to use additional means of wastewater decontamination. Keywords: heavy metals, manure, humus, decontamination, composting, organic fertilizers, sewage sludge.

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