COVID-19 Ontologies and their Application in Medical Sciences: Reviewing BioPortal

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omid Yousefianzadeh ◽  
Abolfazl Taheri
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Biomedical Ontology ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Information Tools ◽  
Medical Centers ◽  
New Information ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The World ◽  
Support Decision Making

The high incidence of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) and the resulting increase in data and information in this area have led medical centers to use different methods to manage them due to the huge amount of information. One of the best ways to avoid confusion in documenting and managing health information is to use new information tools such as ontology. Researchers have used a tool around the world since the late 1990s to support decision-making in various fields. In this regard, the National Center for Biomedical Ontology has established a medical ontology database called BioPortal. In the present research, published ontologies in the field of Covid-19 in this database have been explored.

scholarly journals Is our perception of the spread of COVID-19 inherently inaccurate?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander Maier
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Subjective Perception ◽  
Logarithmic Function ◽  
Original Formulation ◽  
Global Crisis ◽  
New Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Non Linear ◽  
The Future ◽  
Linear Nature

One of the most fundamental insights into the nature of our subjective perception of the world around us is that it is not veridical. In other words, we tend to not perceive information about the world around us accurately. Instead, our brains interpret new information through a host of innate and learned mechanisms that can introduce bias and distortions One of the best studied mechanisms that guide – and distort – our perception is the psychophysical Weber-Fechner law. According to this empirically derived, mathematically formulated law we tend to put more emphasis on smaller deviations in size while underestimating larger changes. The original formulation of the Weber-Fechner law takes the shape of a logarithmic function and is commonly applied to somatosensory perception such as the weight of an object. However, later work showed that the Weber-Fechner law can be generalized and describe a large variety of perceived changes in magnitude that even go beyond the sensory domain. Here we investigate the hypothesis that our perception of data associated with the spread of COVID-19 and similar pandemics is governed by the same psychophysical laws. Based on several recently published studies, we demonstrate that the Weber-Fechner law can be shown to directly affect the decision-making of officials in response to this global crisis as well as the greater public at large. We discuss how heightened awareness of the non-linear nature of subjective perception could help alleviate problematic judgements in similar situations in the future.

scholarly journals A New Informatics Geography

2016 ◽  
Vol 25 (01) ◽  
pp. 251-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Coiera
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Technology ◽  
Expected Utility ◽  
First Principles ◽  
Task Completion ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Task Space ◽  
New Information ◽  
The World ◽  
Unanticipated Consequences

Summary Introduction: Anyone with knowledge of information systems has experienced frustration when it comes to system implementation or use. Unanticipated challenges arise frequently and unanticipated consequences may follow. Objective: Working from first principles, to understand why information technology (IT) is often challenging, identify which IT endeavors are more likely to succeed, and predict the best role that technology can play in different tasks and settings. Results: The fundamental purpose of IT is to enhance our ability to undertake tasks, supplying new information that changes what we decide and ultimately what occurs in the world. The value of this information (VOI) can be calculated at different stages of the decision-making process and will vary depending on how technology is used. We can imagine a task space that describes the relative benefits of task completion by humans or computers and that contains specific areas where humans or computers are superior. There is a third area where neither is strong and a final joint workspace where humans and computers working in partnership produce the best results. Conclusion: By understanding that information has value and that VOI can be quantified, we can make decisions about how best to support the work we do. Evaluation of the expected utility of task completion by humans or computers should allow us to decide whether solutions should depend on technology, humans, or a partnership between the two.

More Collaboration, More Collective Intelligence

2015 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviane Leite Lucas de Azevedo ◽  
Marcos Borges
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Collective Intelligence ◽  
Collaborative Systems ◽  
Business Skills ◽  
Collaborative Assessment ◽  
Time Interaction ◽  
The World ◽  
New Business ◽  
Support Decision Making

We live in a society that suffers changes every day, whether these policies are economic or technological. The world has been reinvented, as well as individuals and organizations. Before, we had workspaces segmented with working days, and today we have a constant and all-time interaction. With this, organizations need to readapt new staff profiles and employees to new business skills. The present work shows a reflection of the use of collaborative systems for business today. Although the interest of the companies maintain your knowledge in their boundaries, every day it is more spread in media that is unknown. Furthermore, importantly, we are in a new society of collective intelligence. This work aims to present a framework that provides the mapping of individual skills to support an organization. Using the collaborative assessment, it is believed that the collaboration is possible that couples identify each other's skills and support decision making by managers. As a result, we expect a large map of the mindset of the organization, materializing the concept of collective intelligence.

Finding Things Out: Foraging for Coherence in the Information Age

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Sarokin ◽  
Jay Schulkin
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Information Age ◽  
Foraging Strategies ◽  
Online Resources ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Information Foraging ◽  
Information Tools ◽  
New Information ◽  
Human Decision ◽  
New Strategies

Online resources are rapidly replacing our traditional mechanisms for retrieving information, calling for new strategies for “information foraging”. Like all foraging strategies, we try to optimize by developing rules of thumb for maximum results with minimum effort, a task made more challenging by the fragmentation of the Internet. New information tools will assist human decision-making and in time, may replace it in some fields.

The Use and Misuse of SCAT in Spill Response

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (1) ◽  
pp. 2642-2659
Author(s):  
Nicky Cariglia ◽  
Greg Challenger ◽  
Nicola Beer
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Oil Spills ◽  
Deepwater Horizon ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Assessment Technique ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
Standard Response ◽  
Support Decision Making ◽  
Complex Cases

ABSTRACT The Shoreline Clean-up Assessment Technique (SCAT) is a well-tested tool that enables the systematic surveying of shorelines affected by oil spills. Using standardised terminology to document the nature and degree of shoreline oiling, SCAT was designed to support decision-making for shoreline clean-up operations. Formally integrated into the US response structure, this method is increasingly being adopted as a standard response procedure around the world. Over the years, SCAT has evolved to meet changing expectations of shoreline response into a tool that can formally guide and document decisions from the initial emergency phase of a response through to the termination of activities – which in large, complex cases could be many months or even years after the incident. The framework of developing a shoreline response programme at the beginning of an incident, implemented by SCAT teams providing shoreline treatment recommendations in support of operations throughout the duration of shoreline response was used extensively in DEEPWATER HORIZON. A properly designed SCAT programme able to gather the necessary relevant shoreline oiling data quickly and accurately for use in addressing immediate response needs can greatly reduce delays in action and the footprint of the response itself. SCAT’s core principle of guiding operations can be overlooked in instances with inexperienced personnel or inappropriate competing objectives, resulting inconsiderable effort expended on SCAT surveys with no clear purpose or objective of how the data will be used to support response operations. In this paper we review the use and misuse of SCAT in several recent small-scale incidents and discuss the implications for the wider implementation of SCAT moving forward.

scholarly journals Application of the GUT technique in pathological manifestations in reinforced concrete structures and their corrections

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. e18510817271
Author(s):  
Aline Flores Onofre ◽  
Renan Borelli Galvão ◽  
Arthur Ribeiro Torrecilhas ◽  
Nicole Schwantes-Cezario ◽  
Gabriel Trindade Caviglione ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Reinforced Concrete ◽  
Structural Design ◽  
Concrete Structures ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Reinforced Concrete Structures ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
The World ◽  
Concrete Building ◽  
Structural Parts

Reinforced concrete is a constructive system widely used around the world. However, this constructive technique has constant failures and pathological manifestations. These problems may occur due to possible design flaws, mistakes in structural design, failures in execution process, as well as the lack of maintenance. Many researchers reported the high incidence of steel corrosion in reinforced concrete structures as one of the main pathological manifestations in all over the world. There is a lack of decision-making as to which manifestations need to be repaired urgently and which ones can wait for future repairs without aggravating the damage to the structure. Given this scenario, this work aimed to carry out a visual inspection in a reinforced concrete building, identifying its pathological manifestations and classifying these with the decision-making tool GUT (Gravity, Urgency, and Tendency). During the inspection generalized corrosion was identified in the reinforced concrete structural parts: slab, beams, and columns. By applying the GUT tool, it was possible to identify the priority of repairs on slabs, beams, and columns. The pathological manifestations observed were possibly caused by the incorporation of aggressive agents at the time of building the residence.

On digitalization: a reply to critics

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
Evgeniy Maslanov
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Data Processing ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
New Approaches ◽  
The World ◽  
New Algorithms

This paper suggests brief answers to the criticism given on the article “Digitalization Challenges for Technogenic Civilization”. New digital technologies make it possible both to obtain a huge amount of data about users and the world, and to process it. The evolution of new algorithms for data processing based on the shared activities of representatives from various social groups can become an important element in the formation of a future technogenic civilization. The use of algorithms in the practice of power requires the development of new approaches to data analysis and an assessment of the role that al-gorithms may play in decision-making.

scholarly journals Evolution of dynamic bioradiotelemetry: key historical events

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 44-49
Author(s):  
A.V. Vladzymyrskyy ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Space Exploration ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Historical Knowledge ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
New Information ◽  
New Directions ◽  
The World ◽  
Comprehensive Development ◽  
Intensive Development

Introduction. The intensive development of medical science in the XX century required the development of fundamentally new approaches and methods for assessing body functions during free movements and various activities. This led to the emergence of dynamic biotelemetry via radio. Objective. To study the main points of the dynamic biotelemetry formation, characterizing the role and contribution of individuals and groups. Material and methods. The research are based on an evolutionary approach; methods of analysis, synthesis, systematization, as well as the problem-chronological method of historical knowledge are used. Results. The first system of biotelemetry via radio proposed by A.A. Yushchenko and L.A. Chernavkin in 1932. The system has been successfully tested in experimental physiology. Comprehensive development of technologies and methodology of bioteleme- try was carried out in the 1960-1970s by group led by V.V. Rosenblat. A classic "triad" of research objectives was form. The “triad” became the methodological basis of scientific research in the field of biotelemetry. In the course of hundreds researches (carried out using biotelemetry) in the field of normal and pathological physiology, a huge amount of new information has been accumulated. Methods of dynamic biotelemetry of V.V. Rosenblat are widely distributed throughout the world. Conclusions. Biotelemetry was very important for space exploration programs, physiological studies of athletes, as well as for occupational medicine. Thanks to this technology, new directions of knowledge have been form. Two key historical events that led to the development of biotelemetry happened in 1930-1932 and 1960-1970 years.

scholarly journals Towards the next phase: evaluation of serological assays for diagnostics and exposure assessment

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Corine H. GeurtsvanKessel ◽  
Nisreen M.A. Okba ◽  
Zsofia Igloi ◽  
Carmen W.E. Embregts ◽  
Brigitta M. Laksono ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Receptor Binding ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Receptor Binding Domain ◽  
Antibody Testing ◽  
New Era ◽  
The World ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
Phase Evaluation ◽  
Support Decision Making

AbstractThe world is entering a new era of the COVID-19 pandemic in which there is an increasing call for reliable antibody testing. To support decision making on the deployment of serology for either population screening or diagnostics, we present a comprehensive comparison of serological COVID-19 assays. We show that the assay detecting total immunoglobulins against the receptor binding domain of SARS CoV-2, had optimal characteristics for antibody detection in different stages of disease.

Medical Diagnosis from a Clinician’s Point of View

1978 ◽  
Vol 17 (01) ◽  
pp. 28-35
Author(s):  
F. T. De Dombal
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Data Analysis ◽  
Computer Science ◽  
Medical Diagnosis ◽  
Information Science ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Joint Research ◽  
The World

This paper discusses medical diagnosis from the clinicians point of view. The aim of the paper is to identify areas where computer science and information science may be of help to the practising clinician. Collection of data, analysis, and decision-making are discussed in turn. Finally, some specific recommendations are made for further joint research on the basis of experience around the world to date.

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