A New Informatics Geography

Summary Introduction: Anyone with knowledge of information systems has experienced frustration when it comes to system implementation or use. Unanticipated challenges arise frequently and unanticipated consequences may follow. Objective: Working from first principles, to understand why information technology (IT) is often challenging, identify which IT endeavors are more likely to succeed, and predict the best role that technology can play in different tasks and settings. Results: The fundamental purpose of IT is to enhance our ability to undertake tasks, supplying new information that changes what we decide and ultimately what occurs in the world. The value of this information (VOI) can be calculated at different stages of the decision-making process and will vary depending on how technology is used. We can imagine a task space that describes the relative benefits of task completion by humans or computers and that contains specific areas where humans or computers are superior. There is a third area where neither is strong and a final joint workspace where humans and computers working in partnership produce the best results. Conclusion: By understanding that information has value and that VOI can be quantified, we can make decisions about how best to support the work we do. Evaluation of the expected utility of task completion by humans or computers should allow us to decide whether solutions should depend on technology, humans, or a partnership between the two.

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Use of Linked Data principles for semantic management of scanned documents

Transinformação ◽

10.1590/2318-08892016000200010 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 28 (2) ◽

pp. 241-251 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Luciane Lena Pessanha Monteiro ◽

Mark Douglas de Azevedo Jacyntho

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Knowledge Base ◽

Web Application ◽

Linked Data ◽

World Wide ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

Whole Process ◽

The World ◽

Scanned Documents ◽

The Web

The study addresses the use of the Semantic Web and Linked Data principles proposed by the World Wide Web Consortium for the development of Web application for semantic management of scanned documents. The main goal is to record scanned documents describing them in a way the machine is able to understand and process them, filtering content and assisting us in searching for such documents when a decision-making process is in course. To this end, machine-understandable metadata, created through the use of reference Linked Data ontologies, are associated to documents, creating a knowledge base. To further enrich the process, (semi)automatic mashup of these metadata with data from the new Web of Linked Data is carried out, considerably increasing the scope of the knowledge base and enabling to extract new data related to the content of stored documents from the Web and combine them, without the user making any effort or perceiving the complexity of the whole process.

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Is our perception of the spread of COVID-19 inherently inaccurate?

10.31234/osf.io/wpva4 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Alexander Maier

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Subjective Perception ◽

Logarithmic Function ◽

Original Formulation ◽

Global Crisis ◽

New Information ◽

The World ◽

Non Linear ◽

The Future ◽

Linear Nature

One of the most fundamental insights into the nature of our subjective perception of the world around us is that it is not veridical. In other words, we tend to not perceive information about the world around us accurately. Instead, our brains interpret new information through a host of innate and learned mechanisms that can introduce bias and distortions One of the best studied mechanisms that guide – and distort – our perception is the psychophysical Weber-Fechner law. According to this empirically derived, mathematically formulated law we tend to put more emphasis on smaller deviations in size while underestimating larger changes. The original formulation of the Weber-Fechner law takes the shape of a logarithmic function and is commonly applied to somatosensory perception such as the weight of an object. However, later work showed that the Weber-Fechner law can be generalized and describe a large variety of perceived changes in magnitude that even go beyond the sensory domain. Here we investigate the hypothesis that our perception of data associated with the spread of COVID-19 and similar pandemics is governed by the same psychophysical laws. Based on several recently published studies, we demonstrate that the Weber-Fechner law can be shown to directly affect the decision-making of officials in response to this global crisis as well as the greater public at large. We discuss how heightened awareness of the non-linear nature of subjective perception could help alleviate problematic judgements in similar situations in the future.

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IT in Manufacturing and Logistics for SCM and OP in SMEs

10.46532/jebm.20201204 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 109-117 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Wei Hung ◽

Yao-Wen Hsu

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Information Technology ◽

Supply Chain ◽

Statistical Analysis ◽

Organizational Performance ◽

Manufacturing Sector ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

Chain Management ◽

Modern Age ◽

Wide Range

This analysis focusses on the effects of Information Technology (IT) and how it significantly affects the Supply Chain Management (SCM) in logistics and manufacturing-Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs). Apart from that, our purpose is to evaluate how IT affects the Organizational Performance (OP) in the enterprises. Irrespective of the fact that IT cannot be applied in every enterprise, the findings in this research are based on the statistical analysis which shows that a wide-range of workforce in the modern age has adopted the initiative considering the complexities of SCM and mostly to maximize OP in the enterprises. This research was done based on the analysis of SMEs in logistics and manufacturing sector in India. The sample used to conduct this research makes it valid to draw assumptions that managers and CEOs are responsible for coordinating enterprise operations in SMEs. The evaluation in this research shows that the workforce is obliged to formulate strategies to allow employees to enhance their competency of IT. In that regard, the findings are essential for the enhancement of the decision-making process, SCM and OP.

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DEVELOPMENT OF MODELS FOR DIAGNOSTIC DIABETES BASED ON FUZZY LOGIC METODS

СИСТЕМНЫЙ АНАЛИЗ И УПРАВЛЕНИЕ В БИОМЕДИЦИНСКИХ СИСТЕМАХ ◽

10.36622/vstu.2021.20.3.012 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 90-95

Author(s):

Евгений Николаевич Коровин ◽

Екатерина Ивановна Новикова ◽

Олег Валерьевич Родионов

Keyword(s):

Mathematical Modeling ◽

Decision Making ◽

Information Technology ◽

Fuzzy Logic ◽

Human Body ◽

Patient Information ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

Speed Up ◽

Definition Of

В статье рассматриваются разработки методов интеллектуальной поддержки процесса диагностики сахарного диабета, а также определение его типа. В последние годы количество людей, страдающих данным заболеванием, неуклонно растет, а без своевременной диагностики эта патология может нанести огромный вред организму человека. Сахарный диабет 1 типа опасен тем, что в основном возникает у людей молодого возраста. Оперативное обнаружение диабета, а также определение его типа, поможет не только избежать возможных осложнений, но и в некоторых случаях предотвратить смерть пациента. Информационные технологии все чаще используются в различных сферах деятельности для разработки новых или совершенствования существующих методов обработки данных, особенно это можно заметить в сфере медицины. В настоящее время врач самостоятельно ставит диагноз, основываясь на результатах различных анализов, однако, для ускорения процесса принятия решения, можно воспользоваться методами математического моделирования, а именно: моделями диагностики диабета на основе нечеткой логики. Для наибольшего удобства данный способ распознавания заболевания впоследствии можно реализовать в информационно-программное обеспечение, которое сможет еще больше увеличить эффективность и скорость распознавания патологии The article discusses the issues of the incidence of diabetes in the population, in particular, the definition of its type. In recent years, the number of people suffering from this disease has been steadily growing, and without timely diagnosis, this pathology can cause enormous harm to the human body. Prompt detection of diabetes, as well as determination of its type, will help not only avoid possible complications, but also in some cases prevent the death of the patient. Information technology is increasingly being used in various fields of activity to develop new or improve existing methods of data processing, especially in the field of medicine. Currently, the doctor independently makes a diagnosis based on the results of various analyzes, however, to speed up the decision-making process, you can use the methods of mathematical modeling, namely, models of diabetes diagnostics based on fuzzy logic. For the greatest convenience, this method of disease recognition can subsequently be implemented in information software, which can further increase the efficiency and speed of pathology recognition

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Organizational Data Mining (ODM)

Organizational Data Mining ◽

10.4018/978-1-59140-134-6.ch001 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Hamid R. Nemati ◽

Christopher D. Barko

Keyword(s):

Artificial Intelligence ◽

Data Mining ◽

Decision Making ◽

Information Technology ◽

Competitive Advantage ◽

Current Status ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

Actionable Knowledge ◽

The Core ◽

Mining Tools

An increasing number of organizations are struggling to overcome “information paralysis” — there is so much data available that it is difficult to understand what is and is not relevant. In addition, managerial intuition and instinct are more prevalent than hard facts in driving organizational decisions. Organizational Data Mining (ODM) is defined as leveraging data mining tools and technologies to enhance the decision-making process by transforming data into valuable and actionable knowledge to gain a competitive advantage (Nemati & Barko, 2001). The fundamentals of ODM can be categorized into three fields: Artificial Intelligence (AI), Information Technology (IT), and Organizational Theory (OT), with OT being the core differentiator between ODM and data mining. We take a brief look at the current status of ODM research and how a sample of organizations is benefiting. Next we examine the evolution of ODM and conclude our chapter by contemplating its challenging yet opportunistic future.

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‘Everywhere and nowhere’: interventions and services under austerity

Social Policy Review 32 ◽

10.1332/policypress/9781447341666.003.0012 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 271-290

Author(s):

Stephen Crossley

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Information Technology ◽

Power Relations ◽

The State ◽

Service Users ◽

The Public ◽

It Systems ◽

New Information ◽

Access Services

This chapter explains how austerity has led to an increasingly fragmented and disparate economy and geography of welfare. These changes have affected people's ability to access services, leaving some of them isolated and excluded from activities that they previously enjoyed. The chapter then questions the use of new information technology (IT) systems and the related expansion of cybernetic relations to register, administer, manage, and target some of the most vulnerable members of society. It argues that these virtual systems emerge as a way of dealing with cases that need physical and in-depth contact in the context of austerity budgets rather than a tested way of pooling information to save lives. This argument suggests that they can also be a way to exclude service users from decision-making about their entitlement and ultimately their lives, reconfiguring the power relations between the public and the state.

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Simulation of consumers decision-making process using agent-based model approach

International Journal of Modeling Simulation and Scientific Computing ◽

10.1142/s1793962319500375 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (06) ◽

pp. 1950037

Author(s):

Daniel Soto Forero ◽

Yony F. Ceballos ◽

German Sànchez Torres

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Fuzzy Logic ◽

Real Data ◽

World Market ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

Agent Based ◽

Dynamic Social Network ◽

Proposed Model ◽

The World ◽

Model Approach

This paper describes a model to simulate the decision-making process of consumers that adopts technology within a dynamic social network. The proposed model use theories and tools from the psychology of consumer behavior, social networks and complex dynamical systems like the Consumat framework and fuzzy logic. The model has been adjusted using real data, tested with the automobile market and it can recreate trends like those described in the world market.

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A Needle in a Haystack

Handbook of Research on Technology Project Management, Planning, and Operations - Advances in IT Personnel and Project Management ◽

10.4018/978-1-60566-400-2.ch020 ◽

2011 ◽

pp. 310-320

Author(s):

Chad J. Cray

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Information Technology ◽

Empirical Research ◽

Failure Rate ◽

Project Managers ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

High Failure Rate ◽

It Projects ◽

Extant Literature ◽

Development Methodology

Considering the high failure rate of information technology (IT) projects over the last 40 years, project managers should use all the tools at their disposal in order to make their project a success; however, more than half of all project managers fail to use a powerful tool that is readily available – a development methodology. A development methodology provides structure to a project, which facilitates communication, establishes expectations, enhances quality and promotes consistency. One potential reason project managers do not employ a development methodology is that selecting the correct methodology from among the hundreds available can be an overwhelming task. For this reason, understanding the decision-making process, and identifying those factors that influence it, is a worthwhile endeavor. While empirical research in this area is lacking, a review of the extant literature reveals several factors that are important when choosing a development methodology. In this chapter, many of these factors are identified, a model for categorizing them is proposed, and a model for selecting a methodology is presented.

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The impact of information technology in decision making process of companies in Kosovo

Informatologia ◽

10.32914/i.51.1-2.2 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 51 (1-2) ◽

pp. 13-23

Author(s):

Emin Qerim Neziraj ◽

Aferdita Berisha Shaqiri

Keyword(s):

Decision Making ◽

Information Technology ◽

Decision Maker ◽

Business Process ◽

New Technologies ◽

Decision Makers ◽

Decision Making Process ◽

Or Organization ◽

The Impact ◽

Future Business

Before the decision makers set much higher requirements in the decision-making than ever before due to the environment of decision-makers subject to change under the influence of progress and development of new technologies, networking individual or organization inside and the outside environment, and modern means of communication enabling continuous inflow, flow and sharing of data and information. In these modern conditions the process of collecting, analyzing, selecting data and information to make informed decisions in the context of possible restrictions and the available options, and ultimately making decisions as the basis for future business or behavior, is not simplified. The use of new technologies in the decision-making process provided numerous opportunities to facilitate decisions selection. However, the decision maker should still be able to differentiate which knowledge should be used to serve in decision making, and which models, methods, tools, systems, and procedures to be used in certain situations, with the purpose of successful decision selection. In this paper, we will examine the decision making process during the business process of the companies in Kosovo.

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