scholarly journals Evaluation of Cinnamon Essential Oil as a Preservative Agent in the Postharvest Stage of Strawberries (Fragaria Sp.)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. González ◽  
D. Loroña ◽  
L. Condolo ◽  
M. Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Cinnamic Aldehyde ◽  
Palabras Clave ◽  
Cinnamon Essential Oil ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Anti Fungal

This study proposes the use of cinnamon as an antimicrobial agent with the presence of cinnamic aldehyde, which has antibacterial and antifungal activity and inhibits the production of mycotoxins. Initially, microorganisms were isolated in damaged post-harvest strawberries, isolating colonies of Botritys sp. as the main causal agent of the deterioration of these fruits. The anti-fungal ability of the cinnamon essential oil (Cinnamomum zeynalicum) was evaluated ‘in vitro’ on the development of the isolated fungus, and ‘in vivo’ on fresh fruit at different storage temperatures, times and concentrations of AE. The results obtained showed that the most effective treatments ‘in vivo’ were 250 and 500 ppm of cinnamon essential oil. On-site analyses showed fruit stability in terms of color, texture, flavor, smell, pH and acidity, especially when there is a concentration of 500 ppm of cinnamon essential oil combined with the storage of the fruit at refrigeration temperature (5ºC), this being the most effective treatment to reduce fungal rot and loss of fruit quality. Keywords: cinnamon essential oil, postharvest, strawberry, antifungal activity, preservative. Resumen Está investigación plantea el uso de la canela como un agente antimicrobiano con la presencia de aldehído cinámico el mismo que posee actividad antibacterial, antifúngica e inhibe la producción de micotoxinas. De manera inicial se asilaron microorganismos en fresa postcosecha deteriorada, aislando colonias de Botritys sp. como el principal agente causal del deterioro de estas frutas. La capacidad antifúngica del aceite esencial de canela (Cinnamomum zeynalicum) fue evaluada ‘in vitro’ sobre el desarrollo del hongo aislado e ‘in vivo’ sobre fruta fresca a diferentes temperaturas de almacenamiento, tiempos y concentraciones de AE. Los resultados obtenidos demostraron que los tratamientos más efectivos ‘in vivo’ fueron 250 y 500 ppm de aceite esencial de canela. Los análisis in situ mostraron estabilidad de los frutos en cuanto a color, textura, sabor, olor, pH y acidez sobre todo cuando se tiene una concentración de 500 ppm de aceite esencial de canela combinado con el almacenamiento de la fruta a temperatura de refrigeración (5ºC) siendo el tratamiento más efectivo para reducir la pudrición fúngica y la pérdida de la calidad de los frutos. Palabras clave: aceite esencial de canela, post cosecha, fresa, actividad antifúngica, conservante.

scholarly journals Management of Alternaria leaf blight in tomato plants by mentha essential oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 191-196
Author(s):  
Kahkashan Perveen ◽  
Najat A. Bokhari
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
In Vitro Test ◽  
Tomato Plants ◽  
Conidia Germination ◽  
Alternaria Leaf Blight

The essential oil obtained by the hydro-distillation of the leaves of Mentha arvensis Linnaeus was evaluated for its antifungal activity against the causal agent of the Alternaria blight of tomatoes, i.e., Alternaria alternata (Fries) Keissler. The antifungal activity of the mentha essential oil was assessed both in vitro and in vivo. The chemical composition of the mentha oil was also identified by GCMS analysis. The in vitro test revealed that the maximum inhibition in the mycelial growth (93.6%) and conidia germination (90.6%) was at the highest concentration (40 µL/mL), furthermore, it was found that the inhibition of the mycelial growth and conidia germination was dose dependent. The in vivo test proved that the application of the mentha essential oil (40 µL/mL) significantly increased the plant height (84.6%), fresh weight (81.5%) and dry weight (80.0%) when compared to the untreated tomato plants. The disease incidence was 3.5 in the untreated plants, while it was 0.93 for the mentha essential oil treated plants and was 0.08 in the carbendazim treated plants. The GC-MS analysis of the mentha essential oil identified 18 compounds in total, among which the percentage of menthol was the highest (69.2%). The mentha essential oil was successful in managing the Alternaria leaf blight in the tomato plants. Therefore, it can be explored further for the development of a natural fungicide.

scholarly journals Effects of Origanum vulgare essential oil and its two main components, carvacrol and thymol, on the plant pathogen Botrytis cinerea

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9626
Author(s):  
Huiyu Hou ◽  
Xueying Zhang ◽  
Te Zhao ◽  
Lin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Spore Germination ◽  
Gray Mold ◽  
Origanum Vulgare ◽  
Mycelium Growth ◽  
Main Components

Background Botrytis cinerea causes serious gray mold disease in many plants. This pathogen has developed resistance to many fungicides. Thus, it has become necessary to look for new safe yet effective compounds against B. cinerea. Methods Essential oils (EOs) from 17 plant species were assayed against B. cinerea, of which Origanum vulgare essential oil (OVEO) showed strong antifungal activity, and accordingly its main components were detected by GC/MS. Further study was conducted on the effects of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol in vitro on mycelium growth and spore germination, mycelium morphology, leakages of cytoplasmic contents, mitochondrial injury and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) of B. cinerea. The control efficacies of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol on tomato gray mold were evaluated in vivo. Results Of all the 17 plant EOs tested, Cinnamomum cassia, Litsea cubeba var. formosana and O. vulgare EOs had the best inhibitory effect on B. cinerea, with 0.5 mg/mL completely inhibiting the mycelium growth of B. cinerea. Twenty-one different compounds of OVEO were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and the main chemical components were carvacrol (89.98%), β-caryophyllene (3.34%), thymol (2.39%), α-humulene (1.38%) and 1-methyl-2-propan-2-ylbenzene isopropyl benzene (1.36%). In vitro experiment showed EC50 values of OVEO, carvacrol and thymol were 140.04, 9.09 and 21.32 μg/mL, respectively. Carvacrol and thymol completely inhibited the spore germination of B. cinerea at the concentration of 300 μg/mL while the inhibition rate of OVEO was 80.03%. EC50 of carvacrol and thymol have significantly (P < 0.05) reduced the fresh and dry weight of mycelia. The collapse and damage on B. cinerea mycelia treated with 40 μg/mL of carvacrol and thymol was examined by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Through extracellular conductivity test and fluorescence microscope observation, it was found that carvacrol and thymol led to increase the permeability of target cells, the destruction of mitochondrial membrane and ROS accumulation. In vivo conditions, 1000 μg/mL carvacrol had the best protective and therapeutic effects on tomato gray mold (77.98% and 28.04%, respectively), and the protective effect was significantly higher than that of 400 μg/mL pyrimethanil (43.15%). While the therapeutic and protective effects of 1,000 μg/mL OVEO and thymol were comparable to chemical control. Conclusions OVEO showed moderate antifungal activity, whereas its main components carvacrol and thymol have great application potential as natural fungicides or lead compounds for commercial fungicides in preventing and controlling plant diseases caused by B. cinerea.

scholarly journals Chemical characterization and determination of in vivo and in vitro antifungal activity of essential oils from four Eucalyptus species against the Hemileia vastatrix Berk and Br fungus, the agent of coffee leaf rust

2020 ◽  
pp. 1379-1384
Author(s):  
Alex Rodrigues Silva Caetano ◽  
Sara Maria Chalfoun ◽  
Mario Lúcio Vilela Resende ◽  
Caroline Lima Angélico ◽  
Wilder Douglas Santiago ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Chemical Characterization ◽  
Eucalyptus Species ◽  
Hemileia Vastatrix ◽  
Antifungal Activities

Essential oils, also known as volatile oils, are substances produced through the secondary metabolism of plants. In this study, we determined the chemical composition and the in vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of the essential oils from four species of Eucalyptus, Eucalyptus citriodora, Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus grandis and Eucalyptus microcorys, against the Hemileia vastatrix fungus. The essential oils from these four species of Eucalyptus were extracted from their leaves by the hydrodistillation technique using a modified Clevenger apparatus. The chemical characterization was performed by gas chromatography coupled with a mass spectrometer detector and by gas chromatography using a flame ionization detector. The antifungal activities of the essential oils against H. vastatrix were studied by evaluating the percentage of spore germination using the microdilution test for in vitro assays. The curative and preventive effects were evaluated in in vivo tests. The principal constituents of the essential oil from E. citriodora were citronellal, citronellol and isopulegol, while E. camaldulensis produced 1,8-cineole, α-terpineol and α-pinene. 1,8-cineole, α-pinene and α-terpineol were obtained from E. grandis and 1,8-cineole, α-pinene and trans-pinocarveol were the principal components in the essential oil of E. microcorys. In vitro and in vivo antifungal activities against the fungus under study were observed for most of the essential oils, except the essential oil from E. microcorys, for which no preventive antifungal activity was observed. Only the curing of infection by the H. vastatrix fungus was observed with this oil.

Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil and Hydrosol Extract of Ballota nigra L. and their Protective Effects Against the Black Rot of Tomatoes

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 662-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nabila A. Sebaa ◽  
Amina T. Zatla ◽  
Mohammed E.A. Dib ◽  
Boufeldja Tabti ◽  
Jean Costa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Antifungal Activities

Background: Bellota species are used to treat various diseases in traditional folk medicine. Objectives: This study aimed to chemically characterize the essential oils and the hydrosol extract and regional specificity of the major components of Ballota nigra essential oil and to evaluate their in vitro and in vivo antifungal activities. Methods: Essential oils were obtained by a Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by using Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography Mass Spectroscopy (GC/MS). The antifungal activities were tested to three phytopathogenic stains (Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus niger and Alternaria alternata). Results: Altogether, 38 compounds were identified in the essential oils, representing 92.1-96.8% of the total oil composition. Their main constituents were E-β-caryophyllene (4.8-24.6%), E-β-farnesene (3.3-22.9%), β-bisabolene (7.6-30.2%), α-humulene (2.1-13.3%) and geranyl linalool (1.1-8.2%). The statistical methods deployed confirmed that there is a relation between the essential oil compositions and the harvest locations. Hydrosol extract was constituted by seven components, represented principally by methyl eugenol (75.2%) and caryophyllene oxide (12.5%). The results of in vitro antifungal activity with essential oil and hydrosol extract have shown very interesting antifungal activities on Penicillium expansum and Alternaria alternata strains with percentage reductions up to 80%. Additionally, in in vivo assays, Ballota nigra essential oil and hydrosol extract significantly reduce decay in artificially inoculated tomato by Alternaria alternata. Conclusion: The essential oil and hydrosol extract can be used as a potential source of sustainable eco-friendly botanical fungicides to protect stored tomatoes from pathogens, saprophytic fungi causing bio-deterioration to a variety of food commodities.

scholarly journals Aktivitas Anti Cendawan Ekstrak Daun Sereh Wangi (Cymbopogon nardus L.) Terhadap Colletotrichum sp Penyebab Penyakit Antraknosa Pada Buah Cabai (Capsicum annum L.) Secara In Vitro Dan In Vivo

Agrologia ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Ana Syabana ◽  
Andree Saylendra ◽  
Deri Ramdhani
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Capsicum Annum ◽  
Anti Fungal

The aim of this research was to examine in vitro and in vivo anti fungal activity of citronella leaves extract against Colletotrichum sp caused antrachnose disease on chilli. The in vitro and in vivo research used randomized completely design (RCD) with one factor and five level. The factor was citronella leaves extract and the level were 0,1 % (v/v), 0,2 % (v/v), 0,3 % (v/v), 0,4 % (v/v), 0,5 % (v/v). Negative control treatment was conducted by growing Colletotrichum sp on PDA (in vitro) and chili (in vivo) without citronella leaves extract while positive control was conducted by growing Colletotrichum sp on PDA (in vitro) and chili (in vivo) containing synthetic fungicide. The in vitro study showed that the higher concentration of citronella leaves extract caused higher growth inhibition of Colletotrichum sp. Whereas the in vivo study resulted that higher concentration of citronella leaves extract caused lower incubation period of Colletotrichum sp, intensity of disease and weight loss of chillies. The highest concentration of citronella leaves extract (0,5%) has higher antifungal activity compared to other treatments and negative control while lower than positive control.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF POTENTIAL ANTIMICROBIAL ACTIVITY OF SYNTHETIC FLAVONOIDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-82
Author(s):  
Prabhulingayya S Bhixavatimath ◽  
Yasmeen Maniyar ◽  
Akram Naikawadi ◽  
Vijayakumar D
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Oxidative Cyclization ◽  
In Vivo Studies ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Flavonoid Compounds ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Introduction: In recent times, most of the currently available antimicrobial agents have developed resistance. Extensive pharmacological activities including bactericidal and bacteriostatic nature of flavonoids, made them as priority agents in this aspect of research study. Synthetic flavonoids such as hydroxy thiophen derivatives were considered to evaluate for antimicrobial activity in this study.   Objective: The present study involves the analysis for antimicrobial activity of thiophen substituted synthetic flavonoids. Methods: Claisen-Schmidt method of condensation fallowed by oxidative cyclization reactions from substituted hydroxyacetophenone with aromatic aldehydes were used to synthesize the various analogues of flavonoid compounds. Then these compounds after their FTIR, 1H NMR, MS spectral characterization and elemental analysis, were screened for in vitro antibacterial and antifungal activity by using disc diffusion method followed by determining their respective zone of inhibitions. Results: All the synthesized test flavonoid compounds exhibited the good antibacterial and antifungal  spectrum activity over B. subtilis, S. aureus, E. coli and P. aeurugenosa bacteria and Candida albicans and Aspergillus niger fungal microbes. However compounds such as F1, F2 and F4 showed moderately significant antibacterial activity against P. aerugenosa organism than the other test compounds and the same F1 and F2 test compounds exhibited significant antifungal activity at100µg concentration. Conclusion:  The present study demonstrated that the novel thiophen substituted flavonoids (F1, F2, F3 and F4 ) found to have promising antimicrobial and antifungal activity which needs to be confirmed by in vivo studies.

Efficacy of Essential Oil and Hydrosol Extract of Marrubium vulgare on Fungi Responsible for Apples Rot

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-293
Author(s):  
Amina Tabet Zatla ◽  
Imane Mami ◽  
Mohammed El Amine Dib ◽  
Mohammed El Amine Sifi
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Essential Oil ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Caryophyllene Oxide ◽  
Marrubium Vulgare ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Background: The microorganisms such as Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea are wellknown pathogens in apples during postharvest. So, to protect apples from these pathogens, chemical control methods were exercised. Introduction: The main objective of this work was to study the chemical composition and the in-vitro and in-vivo antifungal properties of essential oil and hydrosol extract of Marrubium vulgare. Methods: In this work, the air-dried aerial parts of Marrubium vulgare were hydrodistilled in a Clevengertype apparatus. The essential oil and hydrosol extract isolated were analyzed using Gas Chromatography (GC) and Mass Spectrometry (GC/MS). The in-vitro antifungal activity of the both extracts was investigated against Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and Alternaria alternata fungi using radial growth technique. The effect of the essential oil and hydrosol extract on disease development of apple caused by Penicillium expansum in the in-vivo conditions was assessed. Results: The essential oil of Marrubium vulgare was characterized principally by E-β-caryophyllene (23.5%), E-β-farnesene (21%), α-humulene (14.8%), β-bisabolene (11.1%), caryophyllene oxide (6.8%) and phytol (3.1%). While, the methyl-eugenol (65.5%), α-Bisabolol (12.5%), linalool (6.5%) and caryophyllene oxide (6.2%) were the major compounds of hydrosol extract. The result of in-vitro antifungal activity of hydrosol extract showed an interesting antifungal inhibition against Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium expansum and Alternaria alternata with percentage inhibition ranging from 77% to 89% at low concentration of 0.15 mL/L. The essential oil was found to inhibit the growth of Penicillium expansum in a dose-dependent manner, with a percentage inhibition of 100% at 30 mL/L. Furthermore, essential oil and hydrosol extract have demonstrated promising in-vivo antifungal activity to control infection of apples by Penicillium expansum up to 25th day of storage, compared with the control. Conclusion: The preventive and protective effects of essential oil and hydrosol extract could be exploited as an ideal alternative to synthetic fungicides for using the protection of stored apples from fungal phytopathogens.

Evaluation of In vitro Antimicrobial and In vivo Cytotoxic Properties of Peroxo Coordination Complexes of Mg(II), Mn(II), Fe(II) & Ni(II)

1970 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kudrat E Zahan ◽  
MD. Shamin Hossain ◽  
Shuranjan Sarkar ◽  
Md. Mukhlesur Rahman ◽  
Md. Akhter Farooque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Cytotoxic Activity ◽  
Full Text ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Coordination Complexes ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activities ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal

Six newly synthesized nickel peroxo coordination complexes, [Mg2(2-ap)2(O2)(OH), A], [Mn(2-ap) (ED)(O2), B], [Fe(2-ab)(ED)(O2), C], [Fe(2-ap)(ED)(O2), D], [Ni2(2-ab)2(O2)(OH), E] and [Ni2(2-ap)2(O2)(OH), F] showed significant antibacterial and antifungal activities. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of these compounds were found in the range of 8-128 µg/ml. Among these compounds, F showed maximum cytotoxicity (LC50 = 3.62 µg/ml) in brine shrimp lethality bioassay. Key words: Peroxo coordination complexes; Antimicrobial activity; antifungal activity; cytotoxic activity. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. Vol.3(1-2) 2004 The full text is of this article is available at the Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. website

scholarly journals Synthesis, Antibacterial and Antifungal Activity of New 3-Aryl-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazole and 5H-Imidazo[1,2-a]azepine Quaternary Salts

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (14) ◽  
pp. 4253
Author(s):  
Sergii Demchenko ◽  
Roman Lesyk ◽  
Oleh Yadlovskyi ◽  
Johannes Zuegg ◽  
Alysha G. Elliott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal Activity ◽  
Hek 293 ◽  
Human Red Blood Cells ◽  
Quaternary Salts ◽  
Activity Spectrum ◽  
Antibacterial And Antifungal ◽  
Alkylating Reagents

A series of novel 3-aryl-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazole and 5H-imidazo[1,2-a]azepine quaternary salts were synthesized in 58–85% yields via the reaction of 3-aryl-6, 7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazoles or 3-aryl-6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5H-imidazo[1,2-a]azepines and various alkylating reagents. All compounds were characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and LC-MS. The conducted screening studies of the in vitro antimicrobial activity of the new quaternary salts derivatives established that 15 of the 18 newly synthesized compounds show antibacterial and antifungal activity. Synthesized 3-(3,4-dichlorohenyl)-1-[(4-phenoxyphenylcarbamoyl)-methyl]-6,7-dihydro-5H-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazol-1-ium chloride 6c possessed a broad activity spectrum towards Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Cryptococcus neoformans, with a high hemolytic activity against human red blood cells and cytotoxicity against HEK-293. However, compound 6c is characterized by a low in vivo toxicity in mice (LD50 > 2000 mg/kg).

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