Serum protein electrophoresis pattern in patients living with HIV: frequency of possible abnormalities in Iranian patients

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zohreh Nozarian ◽  
Vahid Mehrtash ◽  
Alireza Abdollahi ◽  
Saloomeh Aeinehsazi ◽  
Atieh Khorsand ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Protein Electrophoresis ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
P Value ◽  
Treatment Status ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Polyclonal Gammopathy

Background and Objectives: This prospective case-control study was conducted to evaluate abnormal serum protein electrophoresis (SPEP) patterns in patients living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and its relation with disease severity markers and anti-retroviral treatment status. Materials and Methods: Thirty-seven HIV-positive patients and 24 healthy individuals were evaluated in the course of this study. The healthy HIV-negative individuals were selected as control group. Pregnant women, patients with malignancies, children, hepatitis B- and/or C-positive patients, those with a history of an autoimmune disease, or previous corticosteroid administration were excluded. SPEP—which detects serum levels of albumin, total protein, gammaglobulin—, CD4+ T-cell counts, viral load, and antiretroviral treatment status were assessed. Data were analyzed by SPSS™ software. Results: Twelve patients (32 percent) demonstrated polyclonal gammopathy on SPEP, while only 1 (4 percent) healthy individual had the same pattern (P-value = 0.007). No statistically significant connection between SPEP patterns and antiretroviral treatment status was observed (P-value > 0.05). Interestingly no statistically significant relationship between CD4+ T-cell counts and polyclonal gammopathy was discerned. No statistically significant difference was observed between the two groups with regards to serum albumin and total protein levels. The serum albumin to total protein percentage, serum gamma globulin to total protein percentage, and serum albumin to globulin ratio was compared between the groups and a statistically significant difference was observed. Conclusion: Polyclonal gammopathy on SPEP is common among HIV-infected patients. Moreover, the SPEP patterns cannot be used as an indication of a patient’s negative or positive response to treatment.

scholarly journals Plasma Proteins in Enterica Serovar Typhi patients in Northern Sudan

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagah A.A.Mohamed ◽  
Mohieldin Omer
Keyword(s):  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Plasma Proteins ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
P Value ◽  
Serum Globulin ◽  
Serum Total Protein ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
G Ratio ◽  
Protein Serum

Background: The study entailed a quantitative assessment of serum total protein, albumin, globulin, and albumin.Method: globulin ratio in individuals who diagnosed positively with typhoid fever and detection any alteration in plasma protein in receptiveness to typhoid titers. One hundred positively diagnosed with typhoid infection mean age (41.5 ± 2.1) years on zero day treatments. In addition to healthy one hundred individuals mean age (42.9 ± 1.9) years were recruited in this study.Results: There were significant difference  P. value = 0.000   in total protein, serum albumin, serum globulin and A/G ratio for typhoid positive and negative,  mean (8.4±0.01,6.8±0.06), (3.5±0.01, 4.1±0.03), (4.9±0.01, 2.8±0.06), (0.7 ± 0.003, 1.5 ± 0.02) respectively. No significant difference, P. value was 0.632, 0.832 and 0.760 serum total protein (7.5 ± 0.92, 7.6 ± 0.79) serum albumin (3.8 ± 0.38, 3.8 ± 0.37) and serum globulin (3.8 ± 0.16, 3.9 ± 0.16) for males and females respectively. Also no significant difference, P. value was 0.11, 0.60, and 0.06 serum total protein (8.4 ± 0.01, 8.4± 0.02) serum albumin (3.5 ± 0.01, 3.5 ± 0.01) and serum globulin (5.0 ± 0.01, 4.9 ± 0.01) for titer 1/160 and titer 1/320.Conclusion: Low albumin level and hypoglycemia should be surveillant when anti typhoid pharmaceutical commenced.Key words: Plasma Proteins, Enterica Serovar Typhi, Sudan

scholarly journals Comparison of Diagnostic Accuracy of Portal Serum Ascitic Albumin Gradient (SAAG) with Ascitic Fluid Total Protien (AFTP) Differentiating Portal Hypertension from Non-Portal in Patients with Ascites

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 1924-1926
Author(s):  
Salman Khan ◽  
Ihsan Ullah ◽  
Moeen ul Haq ◽  
Umar Badshah ◽  
Maryam Nazir
Keyword(s):  
Portal Hypertension ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Diagnostic Accuracy ◽  
Ascitic Fluid ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Ascites Fluid ◽  
P Value ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Local Data ◽  
Hospital Laboratory

Introduction: Although majority of the cases of ascites have cirrhosis, there are 15% patients where there is a non-hepatic cause of fluid retention like malignancy, congestive heart failure and tuberculous peritonitis. Ascites is the most common complication of cirrhosis that leads to hospital admission. Objective:To compare the diagnostic Accuracy of Serum Ascitic Albumin Gradient (SAAG) and Ascitic Fluid Total Proteins in patients with ascites by taking Ultrasound abdomen & Pelvis as gold standard. There are international studies on the accuracy of SAAG in determining cause of ascites but not much local data. Additionally, SAAG is not widely used in our setup. The results of this study will add to the existing knowledge and will help in the diagnosis and better management of these patients. Material & Methods: A cross sectional validation study was conducted in the department of General Medicine, DHQTH, Dera Ismail Khan from 29th April to 29th Oct, 2019. Diagnostic Ascitic fluid was aspirated from the peritoneal cavity and ascitic fluid was sent to hospital laboratory for total protein and albumin. Blood was taken at the same time and was send to the hospital laboratory for the serum albumin. SAAG was calculated by subtracting ascitic albumin value from the serum albumin value. Both, Ascitic fluid total protein and SAAG values was documented in the proforma. Ultrasound Abdomen & Pelvis was done on each patient with special instruction for radiologist to comment upon Portal Vein diameter and any changes in its diameter with respiration. Results: As per comparison Of SAAG with ultrasound in detecting ascites, sensitivity was 36.26%, specificity was 75%, PPV was 84.62%, NPV was 23.68% and accuracy was 44.35%. P Value was 0.299. As per comparison of AFTP with ultrasound in detecting ascites, sensitivity was 33.33%, specificity was 59.34%, PPV was 17.78%, NPV was 77.14% and accuracy was 53.91%. P value was 0.513. Conclusion:SAAG exhibits that patients with ascites fluid possess the basis of portal hypertension. Thus we have come to this conclusion that SAAG can effectively enhance the diagnostic value of ascites fluid tests and therefore its classification can be considered to be a novel standard in the analysis of ascites fluid. Keywords: Diagnostic Accuracy, Ascites Volume, Ascitic Albumin Gradient (SAAG), Ascitic Fluid Total Proteins (AFTP)

scholarly journals Peripheral haematological manifestations in HIV infection and its relation to CD4 count

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 681 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lalit Jain ◽  
Amit A. Singh ◽  
Pratap S. Chauhan
Keyword(s):  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Haemoglobin Concentration ◽  
Cd4 Count ◽  
Serum Folate ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Background: HIV infection is associated with a wide range of haematological abnormalities, which are amongst its most common complications. This study aims at discerning the peripheral haematological abnormalities associated with HIV infection and to correlate them with CD4 cell count.Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted from March 2017 till August 2018. 109 patients in 15 years or more age group who were HIV positive by the NACO guidelines were included. Complete hemogram, serum iron studies, serum folate and vitamin B12 levels, and flowcytometric CD4 cell count analysis were done for all the patients. Various haematological parameters were compared between the patients with CD4 cell counts <200/µl (n=52) to those with counts >200/µl (n=57). By using student t-test, the p-value was calculated for various parameters.Results: Anaemia (58.7%), leucopenia (27.5%) and thrombocytopenia (17.4%) were seen with anaemia being the most common abnormality. Normocytic normochromic anaemia (65.6%) was the predominant type of anaemia. Overall analysis showed a statistically significant difference between two groups in haemoglobin concentration, RBC indices, serum ferritin values and absolute lymphocyte count; with p-value <0.05.Conclusions: The diagnosis and treatment of haematological disorders are essential in medical care of the HIV-infected patients. Thus, in resource limited setups, where CD4 count analysis is not possible, haematological abnormalities can be used as tools for monitoring HIV positive individuals and can aid in the treatment of the patients.

scholarly journals ANALISIS KADAR ALBUMIN SERUM DENGAN RASIO DE RITIS PADA PENDERITA HEPATITIS B

2018 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
AT. Lopa ◽  
B. Rusli ◽  
M. Arif ◽  
Hardjoeno Hardjoeno
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Serum Albumin Level ◽  
Chronic Phase ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
P Value ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference

Hepatitis is a inflammation process which may present in an acute or chronic phase. A decrease of serum albumin level may befound in liver disease. Ratio de Ritis in mild hepatitis is < 1 while in alcoholic hepatitis is >1. To analyze serum albumin level withratio de Ritis in hepatitis B patients. A cross sectional study was carried out comprising 46 subjects from October 2005 to August 2006measuring albumin level SGOT and SGPT levels using Lyasis autoanalyzer. Thirty eight males and eight females, the level of serumalbumin decreased with an average of albumin level 2.98 gr/dL (p<0.05). Twenty two subjects showed a ratio de Ritis ≤ 1 with theaverage albumin level 3.00 gr/dL and 24 subjects were included in group ratio de Ritis > 1 with average albumin level 2.96 gr/dL(p value = 0.658). There was a decrease of serum albumin level in hepatitis B patient but no significant difference between decrease ofserum albumin level with ratio of de Ritis ≤ 1 and ratio of de Ritis >1.

scholarly journals No neurocognitive advantage for immediate antiretroviral treatment in adults with greater than 500 CD4+ T-cell counts

AIDS ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (8) ◽  
pp. 985-997 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edwina J. Wright ◽  
Birgit Grund ◽  
Kevin R. Robertson ◽  
Lucette Cysique ◽  
Bruce J. Brew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Counts

Incidence of putative HIV superinfection and sexual practices among HIV-infected men who have sex with men

Sexual Health ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsin M. Sidat ◽  
Anne M. Mijch ◽  
Sharon R. Lewin ◽  
Jennifer F. Hoy ◽  
Jane Hocking ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hiv Serostatus ◽  
Unsafe Sexual Practices ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Nested Case Control

Objectives: To determine the upper limit for the incidence of clinically important HIV superinfection among HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) and its relationship with engagement in unsafe sexual practices. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort and nested case-control study. Electronic files of all HIV-infected MSM not on antiretroviral therapy were reviewed. Those clients with sudden, unexplained and sustained declines in CD4 T-cell counts and increases in plasma HIV RNA were considered as being putatively superinfected with HIV and were recruited as cases, whereas those without these features were recruited as controls (four per case) to answer a self-administered questionnaire. Results: Ten cases were identified from 145 eligible MSM (7%, 95% confidence interval 3–11%), comprising a rate of 3.6 per 100 person-years at risk. Cases had an annual decline in CD4 T-cell counts of 201 cells µL–1 compared with 9 cells µL–1 for controls. There were no statistically significant differences between cases and controls with regard to sexual practices that may have exposed them to acquisition of HIV superinfection (P-value ≥ 0.4), nor in their perceptions or beliefs of HIV superinfection (P-value ≥ 0.3). Only a minority reported no previous knowledge of HIV superinfection (17%, 5/30). Overall, both cases and controls were engaging frequently in unsafe sexual practices with casual partners who were HIV infected (80 and 52%, respectively; P-value = 0.4) or whose HIV serostatus was unknown (40 and 50%, respectively; P-value = 1.0). Conclusions: Despite considerable unsafe sexual practices occurring among this cohort of sexually active MSM the incidence of clinically significant HIV superinfection was likely to be less than 4% per year.

Treatment cost of HIV/AIDS in Turkey

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 259-269
Author(s):  
Hakan Özkaya ◽  
Nehir Balcı ◽  
Hülya Özkan Özdemir ◽  
Tuna Demirdal ◽  
Selma Tosun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Treatment Cost ◽  
Antiretroviral Treatment ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Annual Treatment ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Annual Treatment Cost ◽  
Hiv Aids

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to estimate the average cost of treatment and investigate the related parameters of HIV/AIDS among patients based on their annual treatment regime during the 2017 in Izmir.Design/methodology/approachThe average annual direct cost of an HIV patient's treatment was estimated for 2017 at four university hospitals in a retrospective study in Izmir, Turkey. Inclusion criteria included confirmed HIV infection, age = 18 years, visited one of the hospitals at least three times a year and with at least one CD4+ T cell count. The average annual treatment cost per patient was calculated using accounting data for 527 patients from the hospitals' electronic databases.FindingsThe mean treatment cost per patient was US$4,381.93. Costs for treatment and care were statistically significantly higher (US$5,970.55) for patients with CD4+ T cell counts of fewer than 200 cells/mm3 than for other patients with CD4+ T cell counts above 200 cells/mm3. The mean treatment cost for patients who were 50 years old or older (US$4,904.24) was statistically significantly higher than for those younger than 50 years (US$4,216.10). The mean treatment cost for female patients (US$4,624.92) was higher than that of male patients ($US4,339.72), although the difference was not statistically significant. The main cost driver was antiretroviral treatment (US$3,852.38 per patient), accounting for almost 88% of all costs. However, the high burden of antiretroviral treatment cost is counterbalanced by relatively low care and hospitalization costs in Turkey.Originality/valueThe paper contributes to the literature by providing average annual treatment cost of an HIV-infected patient in Turkey by using a comprehensive bottom up approach. Moreover, cost drivers of HIV treatment are investigated.

scholarly journals Impact of HLA Allele-KIR Pairs on HIV Clinical Outcome in South Africa

2018 ◽  
Vol 219 (9) ◽  
pp. 1456-1463 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiko Mori ◽  
Ellen Leitman ◽  
Bruce Walker ◽  
Thumbi Ndung’u ◽  
Mary Carrington ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Viral Load ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Clinical Outcome ◽  
Nk Cells ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Immune Control ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Background HLA class I contributes to HIV immune control through antigen presentation to cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and natural killer (NK) cells. In contrast to investigations of CTL, studies of NK cells in HIV control through HLA-killer immunoglobulin-like receptor (KIR) interactions remain sparse in African cohorts. Methods Treatment-naive, chronically HIV-infected adults (N = 312) were recruited from South Africa, and the effects of HLA-KIR pairs on clinical outcome were analyzed. Results There was no significant difference in viral load among all subjects with HLA alleles from the HLA-C1 group (P = .1). However, differences in HLA-C type significantly influenced viremia among 247 KIR2DL3 positives (P = .04), suggesting that specific HLA-KIR interactions contribute to immune control. Higher viral load (P = .02) and lower CD4+ T-cell counts (P = .008) were observed in subjects with HLA-C*16:01+KIR2DL3+. Longitudinal analysis showed more rapid progression to AIDS among HLA-C*16:01+KIR2DL3+ subjects (adjusted hazard ratio 1.9, P = .03) than those without this genotype, independent of CD4+ T-cell count and viral load. Conclusions These results highlight the existence of unique anti-HIV innate immunity within distinct populations and the contribution of KIR on NK cells and some CTLs to the well-described HLA-mediated impact on HIV disease progression.

scholarly journals The diagnostic performance of TB-IGRA on HIV infected patients with active tuberculosis is associated with CD4+ T-cell counts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mengyan Wang ◽  
Tongtong Chen ◽  
Xiaotian Dong ◽  
Zhongdong Zhang ◽  
Jinchuan Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
False Negative ◽  
Active Tuberculosis ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Interferon Gamma Release Assay ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Cd4 Cell Counts ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cd4 Cell

Abstract Objective: To investigate the factors associated with the diagnostic performance of interferon-gamma release assay (IGRA) in HIV infected patients with active tuberculosis (TB). Methods: We retrospectively analyzed the data of HIV infected patients with active tuberculosis patients from 2016-2019 who conformed with the inclusion criteria and the exclusion criteria. All patients included were performed with TB-IGRA. For evaluating the diagnostic performance of TB-IGRA, patients were divided into positive TB-IGRA and negative TB-IGRA groups. And all statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Results: Performed by logistic regression analysis, we found that CD4 cell counts is independent risk factor for false negative of TB-IGRA(P<0.001). Additionally, false negative of TB-IGRA were 68.75%, 24.29% and 14.63%, respectively, in the three groups whose CD4+ T cell counts were <20/μL, 20-100/μL and >100/μL, with the highest frequency in subjects with CD4+ T cell counts <20/μL(P<0.001). And false negative of TB-IGRA were 68.75%, 27.77%, 20.58% and 14.63%, respectively, in the four groups <20/μL (n = 32), 20-50/μL (n = 36) ,51-100/μL (n = 34) and >100/μL (n = 82). The group of CD4+ T cell counts <20/μL had the highest false negative (P<0.001). There was no significant difference in the groups of 20-50/μL, 51-100/μL and >100/μL (P=0.483, P=0.623, respectively). Conclusion: The low level of CD4+ T-cell counts increase false negative TB-IGRA in HIV infected patients with active tuberculosis. These data suggest IGRA assays may have unreliable diagnostic performance results among patients with advanced HIV especially CD4+ T cell counts were <20/μL.

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