Incidence of putative HIV superinfection and sexual practices among HIV-infected men who have sex with men

Sexual Health ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohsin M. Sidat ◽  
Anne M. Mijch ◽  
Sharon R. Lewin ◽  
Jennifer F. Hoy ◽  
Jane Hocking ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Sexual Practices ◽  
P Value ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hiv Serostatus ◽  
Unsafe Sexual Practices ◽  
Clinically Significant ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Nested Case Control

Objectives: To determine the upper limit for the incidence of clinically important HIV superinfection among HIV-infected men who have sex with men (MSM) and its relationship with engagement in unsafe sexual practices. Methods: This was a retrospective cohort and nested case-control study. Electronic files of all HIV-infected MSM not on antiretroviral therapy were reviewed. Those clients with sudden, unexplained and sustained declines in CD4 T-cell counts and increases in plasma HIV RNA were considered as being putatively superinfected with HIV and were recruited as cases, whereas those without these features were recruited as controls (four per case) to answer a self-administered questionnaire. Results: Ten cases were identified from 145 eligible MSM (7%, 95% confidence interval 3–11%), comprising a rate of 3.6 per 100 person-years at risk. Cases had an annual decline in CD4 T-cell counts of 201 cells µL–1 compared with 9 cells µL–1 for controls. There were no statistically significant differences between cases and controls with regard to sexual practices that may have exposed them to acquisition of HIV superinfection (P-value ≥ 0.4), nor in their perceptions or beliefs of HIV superinfection (P-value ≥ 0.3). Only a minority reported no previous knowledge of HIV superinfection (17%, 5/30). Overall, both cases and controls were engaging frequently in unsafe sexual practices with casual partners who were HIV infected (80 and 52%, respectively; P-value = 0.4) or whose HIV serostatus was unknown (40 and 50%, respectively; P-value = 1.0). Conclusions: Despite considerable unsafe sexual practices occurring among this cohort of sexually active MSM the incidence of clinically significant HIV superinfection was likely to be less than 4% per year.

scholarly journals Necrotizing Periodontal Diseases in a Semirural District of South Africa

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil Hamilton Wood ◽  
Elaine Blignaut ◽  
Johan Lemmer ◽  
Robin Meyerov ◽  
Liviu Feller
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Neutrophil Count ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hiv Serostatus ◽  
Hiv Seropositive ◽  
Cd4 T Cell Count

Objectives. The aim of this study was to characterize the lesions of necrotizing gingivitis (NG) and necrotizing periodontitis (NP) with regard to extent and severity, and to correlate these parameters with the host HIV serostatus, CD4+ T-cell count, neutrophil count, age, and gender.Methods. Eighty-four consecutive patients, 39 black females and 45 black males aged 20–46 years, diagnosed with NG/NP were recruited to the study over a period of two years.Results. For both HIV-seropositive and -seronegative patients, the mandibular anterior gingiva was most frequently affected; 74% had NG/NP affecting ≥5 gingival tooth sites. Ninety percent of all patients had a mean severity of ≤4 mm. There was no statistically significant association between either extent or severity of NG/NP and HIV serostatus, CD4+ T-cell count, neutrophil count, age, or gender. The difference between the number of HIV-seropositive patients with NG/NP who had CD4+ T-cell counts ≤200 cells/mm3and those who had CD4+ T cell counts of 201–499 cells/mm3was not statistically significant.Conclusion. The clinical signs of NG/NP are similar in HIV-seropositive and -seronegative patients, and are not related to CD4+ T-cell count, to neutrophil count, to gender, or to age.

scholarly journals Lymphocyte subset analysis to evaluate the prognosis of HIV-negative patients with pneumocystis pneumonia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fan Jin ◽  
Jing Xie ◽  
Huan-ling Wang
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Lymphocyte Subsets ◽  
Nk Cell ◽  
Cd8 T Cell ◽  
Pneumocystis Pneumonia ◽  
Lymphocyte Subset ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Hiv Negative

Abstract Objectives We analysed the peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients infected with pneumocystis pneumonia (PCP) to determine the relationships between the levels of different types of lymphocytes and the prognosis of patients. Methods We retrospectively reviewed HIV-negative patients with PCP diagnosed in our department. All the eligible patients underwent lymphocyte subset analysis on admission. Results A total of 88 HIV-negative PCP patients were enrolled in the study. In univariate analyses, low CD4+ T cell count, low CD8+ T cell count, and low natural killer cell (NK cell) count were associated with higher in-hospital mortality. CD8+ T cell count ≤300/μL was found to be an independent risk factor for poor prognosis in multivariate logistical regression analysis (p = 0.015, OR = 11.526, 95% CI = 1.597–83.158). Although low CD4+ T cell and NK cell counts were not independent risk factors, the mortality rates of PCP patients decreased as the CD4+ T cell and NK cell counts increased. Conclusion The immune process of Pneumocystis jirovecii infection is complex but important. We propose that lymphocyte subsets could give clinicians a better understanding of patient immune status, helping with the early identification of potentially lethal infections and treatment decision making, such as adjusting the immunosuppressive regimen and choosing an appropriate patient monitoring level.

Low absolute CD4+ T cell counts in peripheral blood predict poor prognosis in patients with newly diagnosed multiple myeloma

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (8) ◽  
pp. 1869-1876 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Gu ◽  
Yuanyuan Jin ◽  
Jie Ding ◽  
Wu Yujie ◽  
Qinglin Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Myeloma ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Peripheral Blood ◽  
Poor Prognosis ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Cell Counts

scholarly journals BANA-Positive Plaque Samples Are Associated with Oral Hygiene Practices and Not CD4+ T Cell Counts in HIV-Positive Patients

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cathy Nisha John ◽  
Lawrence Xavier Graham Stephen ◽  
Charlene Wilma Joyce Africa
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Oral Hygiene ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Hygiene Practices ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Clinical Indices

Background. The “red complex” microorganisms, namely,Porphyromonas gingivalis,Treponema denticola, andTannerella forsythiaare considered as potential pathogens causing HIV-associated periodontal diseases. Moreover, it has been recognized that an association exists between CD4+ T cell counts and periodontal disease progression.Objective. To establish whether CD4+ T cell counts or oral hygiene plays a greater role in producing BANA-positive results in HIV-associated periodontal disease.Materials and Methods. One hundred and twenty HIV-positive patients participated in the study, and their CD4+ T cell counts were obtained from their medical records. The six Ramfjord teeth were used for evaluating periodontal clinical indices and subgingival plaque sampling. BANA test was used for the detection and prevalence of the “red complex” bacteria in plaque samples.Results. A majority of 69.17% HIV-positive patients were BANA-positive. No significant associations were found between BANA and CD4+ T cell counts. A highly significant association was found between BANA with probing depth and clinical attachment level (P≤0.0001) and between BANA and the use of interdental aids (P=0.0168).Conclusion. HIV-associated periodontal diseases are strongly related to oral hygiene practices rather than the effect of CD4+ T cell counts, and the use of interdental aids was marked as a significant predictor of BANA-negative plaque samples.

scholarly journals Daily Quality Control in CD3+and CD4+T Cell Estimation by the FACSCount System at a Tertiary Care Center in South India

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (10) ◽  
pp. 1693-1696 ◽  
Author(s):  
Veena V. Ramalingam ◽  
Monika Mani ◽  
Vijayanand C. Sundaresan ◽  
Ramesh J. Karunaiya ◽  
Jaiprasath Sachithanandham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Control ◽  
T Cell ◽  
South India ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Internal Quality ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Resource Poor ◽  
The Mean

ABSTRACTCD4+T cell count estimations are subject to high variations; hence, in this study, the previous day's tested samples were included routinely as the internal quality controls. The percentages of variation of the 2-day values were analyzed for 280 observations and the mean variation for CD4+and CD3+T cell counts ranged from 5.21% to 9.66%. This method is a good internal quality control (IQC) procedure for the estimation of CD3+and CD4+T cell counts in resource-poor settings.

MYCOBACTERIUM AVIUM INTRACELLULARE COMPLEX INFECTION IN HIV-INFECTED CHILDREN

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 276-276
Author(s):  
Joseph Church
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
T Cell ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium ◽  
Cd4 T Cell ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Mycobacterium Avium Intracellulare

HIV-infected children are at risk for developing disseminated MAC infection. Children older than 5 years and those with CD4+ T-cell counts <100/mm3 (<100 x 106/liter) are at greatest risk.

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