Epidemiology of Urinary Tract Infection and Antibiotic Resistance Pattern in Patients Referred to Amiralmomenin Hospital of Gerash City in 2018

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Rezaee ◽  
Seyed Adnan Kashfi ◽  
Parisa Bagheri
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Tract Infections

Background and Aims: Urinary tract infections are one of the most common human infections seen in all age groups and both sexes. Inappropriate use of antibiotics to treat urinary tract infection causes the resistance of the pathogens to the drug. The present study aimed to determine the frequency of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria and antibiotic resistance patterns in patients with urinary tract infection. Materials and Methods: Samples were cultured on Blood Agar and Eosin Methylene Blue. Colonieschr('39') growth was identified by biochemical tests and standard microbiological and antibiotic sensitivity tests, which were performed with the disc diffusion method according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute 2016 Standard. Results and Conclusion: The isolated bacteria showed the highest susceptibility to imipenem (89.66%) and meropenem (87.21%) and the highest resistance to sulfamethoxazole (50.00%) and nalidixic acid (44.09%). So, using imipenem is recommended as the most effective antibiotic for the treatment of infection.

scholarly journals Per Urethral Catheterisation: Microbial Growth Incidence and its Management

2014 ◽  
Vol 2 (03) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
M. Singh ◽  
P. Kothiyal ◽  
P. Mathur
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Microbial Growth ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Klebsiella Pneumonia ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections

The urinary tract is the most common site of nosocomial infections accounting for more than 40% of the total number reported by acute care hospitals and affecting approximately 600,000 patients per year. Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infection (CAUTI) defines in terms of “bacteriuria” and “urinary tract infection” frequently. Bacteriuria or funguria levels >103 colony- forming units (CFU) have been shown to be highly predictive of CAUTI, given that these levels increase to 105 CFU within 24 to 48 hours. In Indian population, catheterassociated urinary tract infection (CAUTI) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality, affecting all age groups. Biofilm is the predominant mode of growth in aquatic ecosystems and, as such, plays a central role in the pathogenesis of Catheter Associated Urinary Tract Infections (CAUTI). The present review focuses to evaluate the incidence and pattern of microbes in catheter associated urinary tract infection and provides information about the etiology of CAUTI. Most of the studies concluded that gram negative pathogen E.coli showed the highest incidence rate and other pathogens like Klebsiella pneumonia, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus species also having the incidence rate in the patient having CAUTI. The antibiotic resistance pattern showed the variation in resistance and sensitivity of antibiotics against the pathogens. The present study focuses on the incidence of the microbial growth in patient having catheterization and also elucidates the antibiotic sensitivity pattern. It is necessary to determine the antibiotic resistance and sensitivity status during and after the catheterization.

scholarly journals Investigation of bacteria liable for Urinary Tract Infections and their antibiogram analysis

2018 ◽  
pp. 26-35
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
High Rate ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
High Resistivity ◽  
Protein Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Glycopeptide Antibiotics ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
Tract Infections

Urinary tract infection mainly occurs by microorganism when they overcome the human immune system. These microbes have caused the high rate of morbidity and motility effect all over the world to every age and gender. Lower urinary tract infection is more common among females than males. A prospective observational study was conducted in Pathology Department at Lady Reading Hospital Medical Teaching Institution, Peshawar, Pakistan in a 4th quarter (October, November, December) of the year 2017. Mid-stream urine samples were collected from 1357 patients from all hospital-admitted and outdoor patients. They were cultured on CLED agar, after isolation, uropathogens was identified through biochemical tests like oxidase, catalase and TSI tests. Only 205 samples were reported positive, with the prevalence of 15.10%. Females (51.70%) were more prone to UTI then males (48.29%). E.coli was most frequently isolated uropathogen with frequency of 90.24%. Other isolates were Pseudomonas aeruginosa (4.8%), Enterococcus faecium (2.92%), Enterobacter species (1.46%) and Proteus mirabilis (0.49%). Thirteen antibiotics were used to test the susceptibility of isolated microbes through Kirby Bauer Disc Diffusion method. Carbapenem drug like Imipenem (89.7%) was most effective against gram-negative microbes belonging to Enterobacteriaceae family. Other antibiotics like, Piperacillin + Tazobactam (84.86%), Cefoperazone /Sulbactam (84.3%), Amikacin (84.3%), Fosfomycin (83.7%) and Nitrofurantoin (77.2%) also showed sensitivity. Fluoroquinolones Drugs like Ciprofloxacin (82.1%) and Levofloxacin (81.6%) showed high resistivity followed by Co-trimoxazole (80.54%) and Cephalosporine drugs. For Gram positive Enterococcus spp, Glycopeptide antibiotics and protein synthesis inhibitor drugs had shown 100% sensitivity, but carbapenem and fluoroquinolones were highly resistant. Keywords: Enterobacteriaceae Family, Urinary Tract Infection (UTI), Fluoroquinolones Drug

scholarly journals Frequency of urinary tract infection and antibiotic sensitivity of uropathogens in patients with diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaleem Ullah Zubair ◽  
Abdul Haleem Shah ◽  
Asher Fawwad ◽  
Rubina Sabir ◽  
Anum Butt
Keyword(s):  
Staphylococcus Aureus ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Creative Commons ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Tract Infections

Objective: To determine the frequency of urinary tract infections and antibiotic sensitivity among patients with diabetes. Methods: This observational study was carried out in Microbiology Department of Baqai Institute of Diabetology and Endocrinology (BIDE), Baqai Medical University from April 2015 to June 2016. All patients with diabetes having symptoms of UTI attending out patients department of BIDE were analyzed. All samples received in the laboratory were processed according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) guidelines. Antimicrobial susceptibility pattern was determined by disc diffusion method. Results: A total number of 199 urine specimens, frequency of UTI were 24 (12.06%) in male and 175 (87.94%) in female. UTIs were highly found in (age group 51-60) 70 (35.18%). Escherichia coli was the most frequent pathogen (71%), followed by Klebsiellapneumoniae (7.48%), Proteus mirabilis (1.87%), Staphylococcus aureus (9.35%), Candida (5.61%) and Candidaalbicans were (2.80%). Majority of gram negative uropathogens were shown high sensitivity towards Imipenem and Piperacillin / Tazobactam followed by Nitrofurantion, Ceftriaxone, Levofloxacin, Ofloxacine, Ciprofloxacin, Norfloxacin, Cefixime, Nalidixic acid and Cephradine. Gram positive was most sensitive to Nitrofurantionand Vancomycin followed by Piperacillin / Tazobactam, Imipenem, Cephradine, Ceftriaxone, Norfloxacin and Cefixime. Conclusion: We observed the higher frequency of UTIs in female as compared to male participants due to poor hygiene. E.coli was the most frequent pathogen responsible for UTI in patients with diabetes, followed by Staphylococcus aureus. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.115 How to cite this:Zubair KU, Shah AH, Fawwad A, Sabir R, Butt A. Frequency of urinary tract infection and antibiotic sensitivity of uropathogens in patients with diabetes . Pak J Med Sci. 2019;35(6):1664-1668. doi: https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.35.6.115 This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.

scholarly journals Culture sensitivity and antibiotic profile in urinary tract infection in children between 1-15 years

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 1638
Author(s):  
Nisar Ahmad Ganie ◽  
Mohsin Rashid ◽  
Syed Muneeb Mohammad ◽  
Riyaz Ahmad Malik ◽  
Mohd Rafiq Lone
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract Infections ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Pediatric Age ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
Culture Sensitivity ◽  
Tract Infections

Background: The aim was to study the antibiotic resistance in children with urinary tract infection and to observe any difference between antibiotic resistance rates.Methods: It was a prospective study carried out in SKIMS Medical College Hospital, Srinagar over a period of two years from January 2017 to January 2019. The study included 210 children between 1 year and 15 years who had presented with complaints of urinary tract infection and whose urine cultures were positive for the growth of an organism. These children were analyzed in order to find the frequency of organisms grown on culture, sensitivity of organisms isolated on culture and the rates of developed resistance to the antibiotics.Results: A total of 210 patients aged were included in the study, encompassing 66 (31.4) males and 144 (68.6%) females. Out of 144 female children 108 were under 6years of age while as out of 66 male children 48 were under 6years of age. As per the growth on urine culture,  the commonest organism that grew on culture were Escherichia coli (E. coli) was observed in 156 (74.3%), enterococcus in 18 (8.57%), Proteus mirabilis in 11 (5.2%), Acinetobacter spp. in 7 (3.3%), Pseudomonas spp. 5 (2.4%), Staphylococcus aureus in 4 (1.9%), Morganella spp. in 3 (1.4%) patients. Authors found imipenem, aminoglycosides and nitrofurantoin as the most effective antibiotics for urinary tract infections in pediatric age group.Conclusions: From this study, they concluded that parenteral antibiotics to be started empirically for the treatment of UTIs in all pediatric age groups are  aminoglycosides. In contrast for outpatient management of urinary tract infections, our results suggest that nitrofurantoin should be used for children aged beyond 1 year of age due to the low rate of resistance to nitrofurantoin in patients aged over 1 year.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance Pattern of Common Uropathogens among Adult Inpatients of a Tertiary Teaching Hospital

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-65
Author(s):  
Shahida Akhter ◽  
A. S. M. Rizwan
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Tertiary Teaching ◽  
Resistant Strains

Introduction: Urinary tract infection is one of the common community and nosocomial problem that we encounter at a daily basis. The mounting problem of emergence of resistant strains of bacteria causing urinary tract infection (UTI) is a great concern. We had tried in this study to outline the local pattern of antibiotic resistance of the commonly found uropathogens. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out in the Ad-din Sakina Women’s Medical College Hospital, Jashore, Bangladesh on patients attending inpatient Department from January to December 2020. Presence of more than or equal to 105 colony forming units/ml in urine culture was considered as significant for UTI. Isolated bacteria were tested by disk diffusion method. Results: Out of 1170 urine sample tested, 372 (31.8%) were found to be culture positive cases. A clear female preponderance (77.15%) was noted in positive culture rate. E. coli was the commonest organism found among all isolates (82.25%) followed by enterococci (4.3%), klebsiella (3.76%), pseudomonas (2.95%), proteus (2.68%), enterobacter (2.15%) and Staphylococcus aureus (1.88%). High resistance was noted in E. coli isolates against nalidixic acid (77%), Cefuroxime (75%), azithromycine (61%), cefotaxime (58%) and ceftazidime (54%). The antibiotic which showed least resistance overall includes imipenem, meropenem, nitrofurantoin and gentamicin. Conclusions: Antibiotic stewardship in accordance to local resistance and sensitivity pattern of uropathogens is mandatory to prevent the development of multidrug resistant strains. 

scholarly journals Emerging antibiotic resistance pattern of urinary tract infection (UTI) due to Escherichia Coli (E.Coli).

2021 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1804-1811
Author(s):  
Salman Azhar ◽  
Talha Munir ◽  
Mian Sajjad Ahmed ◽  
Wasif Baig ◽  
Ahmed Nawaz Baber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Urine Culture ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Pattern ◽  
Culture And Sensitivity

Objective: To determine the emerging antibiotic resistance pattern of adult patients of MDR UTI cases caused by E.Coli. Study Design: Retrospective Data. Setting: Departments of Medicine and Obstetrics & Gynecology, Madinah Teaching Hospital / University Medical and Dental College, Faisalabad. Period: August 2016 to Sep 2018. Material & Methods: This retrospective study included 187 patients meeting the operational definition of multi-drug resistance cases of urinary tract infection caused by E. coli. All cases either male or female of age above 15 years with positive reports of urine culture and sensitivity for E.coli were included in the study. Along with the demographic variables urine WBC’s, results of urine culture and sensitivity were noted. Antibiotic sensitivity pattern of all the E.coli resistant UTI cases was analyzed. After identification of the microbe, antimicrobial sensitivity was accessed using Kirby–Bauer disc diffusion method on the Mueller–Hinton agar. The antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed against E. coli strains by using the following antibiotics: Piperacilin, Amoxicilin-Calvulanic, Pipmedic Acid, Cefipime, Ceftrixone, Cefuroxime, Cefoperazone-sulbactam, Ceftazidime, Cephradine, Ciprofloxacin, Ofloxacin, Levofloxacin, ofloxacin, Nitrofurantoin, Amikacin, Tombramycin, Gentamicin, Linezolid, Doxycycline, Sulphamethoxazole, Imipenem, Meropenem, Aztreonam in order to obtain an antibiogram. Results: In our data, 66.8% (n=125) were MDR UTI, and more than half of these cases were 63.2% (n=79) were females. Among the total 187 cases, 97.3% patients were resistant to most of the beta-lactam antibiotics, 95.7% were resistant to most of the quinolones and 68.4% were resistant to most of the aminoglycosides. Conclusion: This increasing antibiotic resistance is very alarming and steps should be taken to reduce the misuse of antibiotics. Studies should be done to control the risk factors leading to E. coli UTI. By following proper pharmacological guidelines, principles to use antibiotics and manage outpatient cases of UTIs, the incidence of MDR UTI can be controlled.

Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern Among Diabetic Outpatients with Urinary Tract infection in Pontianak

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mardhia Mardhia ◽  
Mahyarudin Mahyarudin ◽  
Abror Irsan
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Susceptibility ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Sensitivity Pattern ◽  
Tract Infections

Diabetic patients are associated with a higher risk of infection. The research purposed to identify antibiotic susceptibility patterns among diabetic outpatients with urinary tract infection in Pontianak. An experimental study was performed for 13 bacterial isolates of diabetic outpatients with urinary tract infection in the Clinic of Diabetes Mellitus, Sultan Syarif Mohamad Alkadrie Hospital, Pontianak. The disc diffusion method was used to perform the susceptibility of antibiotics to the bacterial isolates. Among 13 isolates, the most common causative agent of urinary tract infection was Escherichia coli (53.85%), followed by Pseudomonas aeruginosa (30.77%). Klebsiella spp and Enterobacter aerogenes were 7.69%. Most isolates of bacteria of the study had a high sensitivity to Cefepime (92.31%), then followed by Levofloxacin, Amikacin, and Meropenem for 84.62%. The study revealed low sensitivity of bacteria to Amoxicillin/Clavulanate, Co-Trimoxazole, Cefazoline and Ceftriaxone (30.77%, 23.08 %, 23.08%, 23.08%, respectively). All bacterial isolates had high resistance to Ampicillin. Moreover, multidrug resistance observed among bacterial isolates. Keywords: antibiotic susceptibility, diabetes, urinary tract infections

scholarly journals Comparative Antibiogram of Escherichia Coli Isolated from the Urinary Tract Infection in Patients from Tertiary Care Hospital

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
Nandkishor Bankar ◽  
Dhruba Hari Chandi ◽  
Praful Patil ◽  
Gaurav Mahajan
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Biochemical Tests ◽  
E Coli

Introduction: UTI occurs when bacteria that live inside intestine find their way into the urinary tract through the urethra. Women are familiar to be a lot of at risk of UTI than men, with a five hundredth probability of a UTI in their life. Aim: The aim of this study was to find the antibiotic resistance pattern in Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infection with commonly found antibiotics among different age and sex groups. Materials and Methods: All positive urine samples for Escherichia coli obtained from patients were included. On the basis of colony morphology and biochemical tests Isolates were identified. The antibiogram profile of the isolates was determined by commonly used antibiotics. Result: In this studied, total 250 patients with UTI of both sexes were included and divided into age group. Samples processed only 250 samples with the growth of E. coli were included in this studied. The isolated E.coli showed more resistant to some degree to all the antibiotics tested.  The greatest resistance was shown against Amoxycillin (15.2% isolated were sensitive) and the least resistance was shown against Imipenem (96.4% isolated were sensitive). Conclusion: The pattern of antibiotic resistance varies from place to place, region to region, and country to country. Antimicrobial resistance should be monitored on a regular basis in both the community and hospital settings.

scholarly journals Nontypable Haemophilus influenzae Septicemia and Urinary Tract Infection Associated with Renal Stone Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 243-247
Author(s):  
Marianne Stærk ◽  
Sara A. Tolouee ◽  
Jens J. Christensen
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Renal Stone ◽  
Stone Disease ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Renal Stone Disease ◽  
Tract Infections

Introduction: Haemophilus influenzae commonly causes upper respiratory tract infections and has only rarely been reported etiology of urinary tract infections. Since the introduction of the Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib) vaccine, non-typable haemophilus species now cause the majority of invasive disease in Europe. Case Report: We report a case of an adult man with non-typable Haemophilus influenzae septicemia, urinary tract infection and bilateral renal stone disease. The patient presented with right sided flank pain and a CT scan showed bilateral renal stones and a right sided ureteral stone causing obstruction. Results and Discussion: Haemophilus influenzae was identified in blood and urine and despite a tendency of increasing antibiotic resistance among Haemophilus influenzae, our strain was susceptible to all antibiotics tested. Treatment consisted of 3 days of intravenous cefuroxime, insertion of a right sided JJ ureteric stent and 5 days of peroral ciprofloxacin after discharge. Physicians and microbiologists should be aware of Haemophilus influenzae as a possible urinary tract pathogen, especially when urinary tract abnormalities are present, and take the risk of antibiotic resistance into consideration at initial treatment.

scholarly journals Antibiotic Resistance in Children with Recurrent or Complicated Urinary Tract Infection

2009 ◽  
Vol 48 (173) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nidal S Younish ◽  
K Qual ◽  
T Al-Awaisheh ◽  
F Al-Awaisheh ◽  
D Al-Kayed
Keyword(s):  
Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Recurrent Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Complicated Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Resistance Pattern ◽  
Candida Spp ◽  
Recurrent Uti ◽  
Antibiotics Susceptibility

INTRODUCTION:Urinary tract infection is certainly one of the most common childhood infections. Emerging resistance to the antibiotics is not unusual. Current hospitalization for children with urinary tract infection is reserved for severe or complicated cases. The aim of the present study was to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern among children with recurrent or complicated urinary tract infection.METHODS:A retrospective study carried out at Prince Hashem hospital, Zarqa city, eastern Jordan and involved 336 episodes of culture proved urinary tract infection obtained from 121 patients with recurrent UTI, who used prophylactic antibiotics during the period from April 1, 2004 to December 31, 2006. The isolated microorganisms and there antibiotics susceptibility were studied.RESULTS:Seventy three patients (60.3%) were found to have some forms of urinary tract anomaly, significantly more prevalent among male children P<0.001. Vesicoureteral reflux being the most common (58.9%). Renal scars were significantly more prevalent among those with complicated rather than recurrent urinary tract infection (64.3% vs. 16.6%, P<0.001). Gram negative organisms were the most frequent isolates in patients with recurrent and complicated urinary tract infection. Proteus, Pseudomonas and Candida spp. were more prevalent in patients with complicated (P<0.001), and isolates in patients with UTA were significantly more resistant to most antibiotics tested.CONCLUSIONS:Pediatric urine culture isolates are becoming increasingly resistant to commonly used antibiotics. Empirical treatment with Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX) or Cephalexin as the initial drug is ineffective. Nitrofurantoin and Nalidixic acid can be considered as the first line antibiotics for prophylaxis and or treatment of patients with recurrent UTI, while Meropenam and Ciprofloxacin can be used empirically in treating patients with complicated UTI.Key words: Antibiotic resistance, Complicated, Recurrent, Urinary tract infection

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