scholarly journals Trend Analysis and Temporal and Spatial Distribution of Wet Bulb Globe Temperature as a Heat Stress Index in Iran during the Summer Season over a 30-year Period

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gholamabbas Fallah Ghalhari ◽  
Somayeh Farhang Dehghan ◽  
Elham Akhlaghi Pirposhteh ◽  
Mehdi Asghari
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Upward Trend ◽  
Temporal And Spatial Distribution ◽  
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
June July ◽  
Heat Stress Index ◽  
High Range

Introduction: Global warming is one of the most important environmental problems that have raised researchers’ attention. The present study aimed to analyze heat stress trends using the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) index in the country of Iran during the summer over a 30-year period. Materials and Methods: Daily summertime statistical data regarding mean temperature and mean relative humidity, taken from 40 synoptic meteorological stations across Iran during a 30-year period were obtained from the Iranian National Meteorological Department. The De Martonne climate classification system was used to categorize various climate regions of Iran. The WBGT index was calculated using the formula given by the Australian Bureau of Meteorology. The Mann-Kendall statistical test and the Sen's slope estimator were used to analyze the trends of the WBGT index. Results: The WBGT index had an upward trend during the three months of June, July, and August in 71.42%, 57.14%, and 66.66% of all stations and this trend was statistically significant in 53.32%, 50%, and 42.85% of those stations, respectively. Moreover, throughout the summer, 45% of the WBGT index measurements were in the medium range (18-23°C), 37.5% were in the high range (23-28°C), and 17.5% were in the very high range (> 28°C). Conclusion: The WBGT index followed an upward trend during the summer, especially in semi-arid regions of Iran. Considering the phenomenon of global warming, it is essential to monitor, plan ahead, and take necessary precaution measures for sensitive populations who are at high risk areas of the country.

scholarly journals More perceived but not faster evolution of heat stress than temperature extremes in the future

2020 ◽  
Vol 162 (2) ◽  
pp. 527-544
Author(s):  
Audrey Brouillet ◽  
Sylvie Joussaume
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Interannual Variability ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Cmip5 Models ◽  
Tropical Regions ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Heat Stress Index ◽  
The Tropics

Abstract Global warming is projected to intensify during the twenty-first century. Yet, only few studies investigate how global warming could be perceived by future populations. Here, we propose an assessment of how climate change could be perceived by combining climatological indicators. We analyse extremes of temperature (T99) and simplified Wet-Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT99), a heat stress index assessing the combined effect of elevated temperature and humidity on the human body. The speed of change is defined for each year as the difference between the previous 20 years and the twenty upcoming years (i.e. with a moving baseline), and we assess how these speeds emerge from each last 20-year interannual variability. Using a set of 12 CMIP5 models, speeds of change of T99 and WBGT99 in 2080 are both twice as fast compared with current speeds in mid-latitudes, and by up to four times faster in the tropics under the RCP8.5 scenario. Warming accelerations are thus similar for T99 and WBGT99. However, these speeds in tropical regions in 2080 are projected to be 2.3 times larger than the last 20-year interannual variability for WBGT99, and only 1.5 to 1.8 times larger for T99. According to the models, the WBGT99 intensification will be more emergent from the recent year-to-year variability than the T99 warming. This analysis suggests that the accelerated warming of heat extremes will be felt more strongly by populations than current changes for RCP8.5, and that this evolution will be more perceived in heat stress than in temperature, particularly within the tropics.

scholarly journals Arduino-based prototype to estimate heat stress indices in urban environments

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Vargas-Salgado ◽  
Lina Montuori ◽  
Paula Bastida-Molina ◽  
David Alfoso-Solar
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Atmospheric Pressure ◽  
Urban Environments ◽  
Tree Planting ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Heat Stress Index ◽  
Radiant Temperature ◽  
Comfort Indices

Thermal comfort indices are normally used for assessing and controlling heat stress conditions in both: insides and outsides environment. In this paper, the results of the design and test of an Arduino-base prototype for estimating heat stress index is presented.  This prototype allows the accurate detection of wind speed, air temperature, relative humidity, precipitation, atmospheric pressure, irradiation and globe temperature. By means of these parameters, it is possible to obtain indices such as mean radiant temperature (MRT) and wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT). As a result, the indices are estimated, storage in a database and analyzed. These values will be used in the future to measure the mitigation of heat stress in urban environments, by means of the construction of green facades and green roof or tree planting.

scholarly journals Heat Warnings in Switzerland: Reassessing the Choice of the Current Heat Stress Index

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Annkatrin Burgstall ◽  
Ana Casanueva ◽  
Sven Kotlarski ◽  
Cornelia Schwierz
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Heat Index ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Stress Indices ◽  
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature ◽  
Human Stress ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Heat Stress Index

High temperatures lead to heat-related human stress and an increased mortality risk. To quantify heat discomfort and the relevant dangers, heat stress indices combine different meteorological variables such as temperature, relative humidity, radiation and wind speed. In this paper, a set of widely-used heat stress indices is analyzed and compared to the heat index currently used to issue official heat warnings in Switzerland, considering 28 Swiss weather stations for the years 1981–2017. We investigate how well warnings based on the heat index match warning days and warning periods that are calculated from alternative heat stress indices. The latter might allow for more flexibility in terms of specific warning demands and impact-based warnings. It is shown that the percentage of alternative warnings that match the official warnings varies among indices. Considering the heat index as reference, the simplified wet bulb globe temperature performs well and has some further advantages such as no lower bound and allowing for the calculation of climatological values. Yet, other indices (e.g., with higher dependencies on humidity) can have some added value, too. Thus, regardless of the performance in terms of matches, the optimal index to use strongly depends on the purpose of the warning.

Assessment of Heat Stress and Heart Rate Variability Monitoring for Foundry Workers (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elayaraja R ◽  
Subramaniam D Sr
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heart Rate Variability ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Heart Beat ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Thermal Pressure ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Heat Stress Index

UNSTRUCTURED - Background: Industrial employee studies the thermal pressure arises from both warm (or) cold running environment. Foundry is an arena in which metals are melted and casted with producing extensive quantity of heat. The temperature is in crescendo due to very high melting temperature and fallacious ventilation. Due to those hot foundry environments, the beat of coronary heart fee of the individual will range due to difference in temperature of skin and atmospheric temperature. Objective: This paper specializes in parameters and elements which might be used to symbolize thermal pressure and to evaluate the warmth pressure of foundry employees using Heat Stress Index (H.S.I) and Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) also to monitor the coronary heart rate variability of foundry people. Methods: H.S.I studying became cited to get entry to on foundry. The readings along with velocity of air (Vair), dry bulb temperature (Ta) and moist bulb temperature of air (Tn) had been recorded at 5 extraordinary employee positions for the duration of melting and pouring operations in the foundry. The coronary heart price was recorded the use of heart rate monitoring device in melting and pouring sections of foundry. Results: The two different indices particularly H.S.I and WBGT are considered for decided on workplace. The have a look at discovered a higher H.S.I score of 30.36 while pouring molten metallic from furnace to ladle, in melting segment and reduced by using increasing the speed of air to 23.25 which indicates 23.Four% of warmth from the surroundings decreased is an appropriate H.S.I score consistent with Belding & Hatch Heat Stress Index. As consistent with the ACGIH recommendations, the WBGT index is falling underneath the scheme of 25% paintings and 75% relaxation regimen. The most heart beat fee turned into 159bpm even as pouring molten steel from ladle to mould box and the most coronary heart beat price became 135bpm for the duration of loading of metallic strips into the furnace. The hazard factors may be analyzed in the decided on segment of foundry. Conclusion: Thermal pressure from furnace can be reduced by using installing a non- emissive warmness protect among furnace and employee, with the aid of providing protecting device, by growing velocity of air and with the aid of automating the pouring operation. Insulating reduces the heat exchange among the supply of warmth and the ambience temperature. The attention of lowering humidity like dehumidification, aircon and elimination of open hot furnace, leaky steam valves allows to lessen humidity. Recommendations may be suggested to adjust the posture of foundry people as a way to lessen the coronary heart charge.

scholarly journals The Assessment of the Ability of Various Heat Stress Indices to Predict Safe Work Behavior

1985 ◽  
Vol 29 (8) ◽  
pp. 829-833
Author(s):  
Chi-ping Peter Chai ◽  
Jerry D. Ramsey
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Work Load ◽  
Work Behavior ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Safety Behavior ◽  
Thermal Indices ◽  
Stress Indices ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Safe Work Behavior ◽  
Heat Stress Index

Six major heat stress indices are evaluated through this paper by the efficiencies at predicting workers' safety behavior. Actual temperature and safety sampling data were taken in two industrial plants for a five month period (July through November). Those data were converted to computer and analyzed in different models. HSI (Heat Stress Index) appears to be the best predictor because of its including the factor of metabolic work load. NET (New Effective Temperature) seems to be the best one among the pure thermal indices. WBGT (Wet Bulb Globe Temperature) and DB (Dry Bulb Temperature) are two easily obtained thermal indices for predicting human safety behaviors.

scholarly journals Numerical Simulations of Outdoor Heat Stress Index and Heat Disorder Risk in the 23 Wards of Tokyo

2014 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 583-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukitaka Ohashi ◽  
Yukihiro Kikegawa ◽  
Tomohiko Ihara ◽  
Nanami Sugiyama
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Spatial Heterogeneity ◽  
Urban Canopy ◽  
Horizontal Resolution ◽  
Radiation Environment ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Meteorological Model ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Heat Stress Index

AbstractIn this study, the summertime outdoor heat stress hazard and heat disorder risks (HDR) were simulated numerically using a mesoscale meteorological model combined with an urban canopy model and a building energy model. Model grid maps including the 23 wards of Tokyo (23 Tokyo), Japan, were produced with a 1-km horizontal resolution for the period of July–September 2010. Model simulations of the daily maximum wet-bulb globe temperature (WBGTmax), which was adopted as a heat stress index, indicated the spatial heterogeneity of the heat stress hazard within 23 Tokyo. The heat stress hazard was greater in the inland western region, particularly for sunny conditions in July and August (based on the monthly mean; the maximum difference exceeded 2°C for both sunny and shaded conditions). This likely occurred as a result of greater spatial heterogeneity in the globe temperature than in the air temperature among model grid cells, with differences in the radiation environment induced by differences in urban geometric parameters. Gridded mapping of HDR simulations proceeded in two steps, using the incidence rate and the absolute number of heat disorder patients (HDP). These simulations were achieved by combining the exponential relationships between the actual WBGTmax and the number of HDP with the daytime grid population. Eventually, the resulting HDR maps incorporated the effects of the spatial heterogeneities of both the outdoor heat stress hazard and the daytime grid population.

scholarly journals Modeling heat stress changes based on wet-bulb globe temperature in respect to global warming

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 441-450
Author(s):  
Parvin Nassiri ◽  
Mohammad Reza Monazzam ◽  
Farideh Golbabaei ◽  
Somayeh Farhang Dehghan ◽  
Aliakbar Shamsipour ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Warming ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature ◽  
Stress Changes ◽  
Globe Temperature

EFFECTS OF INONIZING RADIATION CAUSED HEAT STRESS ON THE HUMAN BODY FOR STANDARD ISO 7243

2013 ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
Van Trong Le ◽  
Thi Tuyet Mai Nguyen ◽  
Thi Xuan Duyen Nguyen ◽  
Ba Luan Nguyen ◽  
Tuyen Pham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Risk Assessments ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Temperature Index ◽  
Wet Bulb Globe Temperature ◽  
Simple Index ◽  
Simple Tool ◽  
Results Management ◽  
Globe Temperature ◽  
Hot Environments

Objectives: Presents heat stress Standard ISO 7243, which is based upon the wet bulb globe temperature index (WBGT), and considers its suitability for use worldwide. Materials and Methods: The WBGT index are considered and how it is used in ISO 7243 and across the world as a simple index for monitoring and assessing hot environments. Results: Management systems, involving risk assessments, that take account of context and culture, are required to ensure successful use of the standard and global applicability. For use outdoors, a WBGT equation that includes solar absorptivity is recommended. A ‘clothed WBGT’ is proposed to account for the effects of clothing. Conclusion: ISO 7243 is a simple tool to assess the heat stress and may be applicated worldwide.

scholarly journals Deforestation and climate change are projected to increase heat stress risk in the Brazilian Amazon

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Fátima Alves de Oliveira ◽  
Marcus J. Bottino ◽  
Paulo Nobre ◽  
Carlos A. Nobre
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Stress Index ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Stress Exposure ◽  
Extreme Risk ◽  
High Emission ◽  
Heat Stress Index ◽  
The Impact

AbstractLand use change and deforestation can influence local temperature and climate. Here we use a coupled ocean-atmosphere model to assess the impact of savannization of the Amazon Basin on the wet-bulb globe temperature heat stress index under two climate change scenarios (RCP4.5 and RCP8.5). We find that heat stress exposure due to deforestation was comparable to the effect of climate change under RCP8.5. Our findings suggest that heat stress index could exceed the human adaptation limit by 2100 under the combined effects of Amazon savannization and climate change. Moreover, we find that risk of heat stress exposure was highest in Northern Brazil and among the most socially vulnerable. We suggest that by 2100, savannization of the Amazon will lead to more than 11 million people will be exposed heat stress that poses an extreme risk to human health under a high emission scenario.

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