scholarly journals Assessing the Stress Echocardiography in Women with Breast Arterial Calcification

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elham Shobeiri ◽  
Alireza Rai ◽  
Mohammad Rouzbahani ◽  
Reza Heidari moghadam ◽  
Javad Azimivghar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Stress Echocardiography ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Occurrence Rate ◽  
Arterial Calcification ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stress Echo ◽  
History Of

Objective: breast arterial calcification (BAC) is one of the most prevalent mammographic findings and has been debated as a marker of cardiovascular disease (CVDs).  The present study aimed to assess the findings of stress echo in women with BAC. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on women who undergo mammography for routine breast cancer screening at Imam Reza hospital, western Iran from March 2018 to July 2018. The patients underwent stress echocardiography to evaluate the probability of myocardial ischemia (MI). Chi-square and independent t-tests were used to assess the differences between subgroups. Results: BAC was present in 61 (15.2%) women. The mean age of the patients with BAC was significantly higher than the patients without BAC (58.59± 7.82 vs. 55.32±6.57, p =0.003). Prevalence rates of the menopause (88.5% vs. 71.1%, p=0.009), hypertension (29.5% vs. 17.7%, p=0.032), and hypercholesterolemia (24.6% vs. 13.0, p=0.018) were significantly higher in the patients with BAC compared to the patients without BAC. The prevalence rate of MI symptoms in the patients with BAC was equal to 24.6%. Significantly, more women with BAC were positive for myocardial ischemia compared to the women without BAC (24.6% vs. 8.5%, p<0.001). The prevalence rates of the diabetes mellitus, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, and history of CVDs were significantly higher in the patients who were positive for MI. Conclusion: It was found that BACs are correlated with an increased occurrence rate of CVDs. Our results illustrated that the patients who were positive for MI were more plausible to be diabetic, hyperlipidemic, hypertensive, and having a history of CVDs.

scholarly journals Kondisi Kebersihan Lingkungan Berhubungan dengan Risiko Penularan Kasus Leptospirosis di Area Pasar Tradisional

2020 ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
Dyah Widiastuti ◽  
Dwi Priyanto
Keyword(s):  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Market Area ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Pathogenic Leptospira ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Gathering Place ◽  
The Relationship

Leptospirosis is associated with occupations which exposed workers to contaminated environments. The risk of leptospirosis exposure in the market as a gathering place for many people needs to be assessed, to obtain the basis for decision making to anticipate leptospirosis transmission. This study aimed to determine the relationship between market environmental conditions including market sanitation conditions, the level of rat density and the presence of leptospira-positive rats  toward the history of leptospirosis exposure among market workers (traders and janitors). A cross sectional study conducted in 35 markets in Banjarnegara and 175 market workers randomly selected. Blood samples analysed using ELISA against 40 Kda pathogenic Leptospira protein. Rat trapping  conducted in each market for two days with 100 traps. The caught mice examined with Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) to detect the presence of Leptospira bacteria in their kidneys. Leptospirosis exposure was spread in 17 markets in Banjarnegara. The PCR examination showed that the pathogenic Leptospira infected rats were spread in four markets in Banjarnegara. Chi square test showed that the hygene condition in market area was significantly associated with the leptospirosis exposure. Markets workers (traders and janitors) were at risk for leptospirosis proved by high seroprevalence of leptospirosis in this study.

scholarly journals Diabetes Mellitus with Silent Myocardial Ischemia: A Single-Center Cross-Sectional Study of Karachi, Pakistan

2021 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
Muhammad Zohaib Siddiq ◽  
Shahid Hussain Memon ◽  
Anwar Ali ◽  
Tabassum Almas ◽  
Atiya Razzaq ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Silent Myocardial Ischemia ◽  
Study Patient ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
St Segment ◽  
History Of

Background: Previous studies have established the fact that diabetic patients are predominantly inclined towards silent myocardial infarction (SMI). The objective of the present study is to determine the incidence of SMI in diabetes mellitus (DM) patients. Methodology: In this cross-sectional study, patient data was gathered on a predesigned proforma regarding the detailed history of dyspnea, DM and its duration, chest pain either present or not. Those patients who had normal ECG labeled negative for SMI, while those who had either ST-segment elevation or ST-segment deviation on resting ECG were positive for SMI. Study was conducted at the National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases (NICVD) Karachi- Pakistan. Results: The mean age of the enrolled patients was 54.21±8.65 (40-70) years. Out of 210, majority were female (51.90%).Overall, 94(44.76%) patients were obese, 122(58.09%) were hypertensive, 90(42.85%) had dyslipidemia and 98(46.66%) diabetic patients were smokers. There were 93 (44.3%) DM patients who had SMI. Moreover, 109(51.90%) patients had a family history of myocardial ischemia. Conclusion:  The SMI incidence among diabetic patients was found higher in local population. It is proposed that diabetic patients with demonstrated cardiovascular autonomic neuropathy must be screened for the manifestation of SMI.

scholarly journals Diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of uterine synechiae managed by hysteroscopy in the gyanecological endoscopic surgery and human reproductive teaching hospital

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 56
Author(s):  
Etienne Belinga ◽  
Isidore Tompeen ◽  
Claude Cyrille Noa Ndoua ◽  
Junie Metogo Ntsama ◽  
Sandrine Mendibi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Past History ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Qualitative Variables ◽  
Preoperative Diagnostic ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Human Reproductive ◽  
History Of

Background: Uterine synechiae refers to a total or partial union of the inner walls of the uterus resulting from endometrial trauma. It is a cause of reproductive failure. Until now, synechia was not optimally treated and has remained understudied in Cameroon. Objective of present study was to Evaluate the diagnostic, therapeutic and prognostic aspects of uterine synechiae treated by hysteroscopy.Methods: We conducted a descriptive cross-sectional study with an analytical component from January 1st 2015 to July 31st 2017 at Yaounde. All patients diagnosed with uterine synechiae and treated with hysteroscopy were our sample. Sampling was consecutive. The chi-square test was used for the comparison of qualitative variables and Fisher's test for ANOVA variance analysis. The comparison of the averages was made by the Student's test. P-value less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: Hysteroscopies were indicated for uterine synechiae in 14.50%. Nulliparous were 56.67%. A history of curettage/aspiration was present in 66.66%. All of the patients had a form of infertility and 83.33% had menstrual disorders. Hysterosalpingography showed a better sensitivity (88%). After hysteroscopic treatment, 63.30% had a complete anatomical restitution. There is a significant correlation between the stage of severity of synechia and anatomical restitution (p=0.008; Spearman correlation coefficient=-0.477).Conclusions: Uterine synechiae represent one-sixth of all indications for hysteroscopy and present clinically as menstrual disorder associated with infertility. A past history of uterine curettage is common. Hysterosalpingography has a better preoperative diagnostic sensitivity. Hysteroscopy allows optimal treatment.

scholarly journals Relationship between Periodontitis and Glaucoma: A Cross-Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Soo Hwan Byun ◽  
Dae Myoung Yoo ◽  
Minwook Chang ◽  
Hyo Geun Choi ◽  
Seok Jin Hong
Keyword(s):  
Odds Ratio ◽  
Adjusted Odds Ratio ◽  
Epidemiological Data ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Epidemiology Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
And Control

The objective of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the association between periodontitis and glaucoma. This prospective cohort study used epidemiological data from the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study performed between 2004 and 2016. Among 173,209 participants, 9572 patients with periodontitis and 115,332 controls (nonperiodontitis) were selected. We analysed the history of glaucoma in periodontitis and control participants. The participants were interviewed regarding their history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidaemia, periodontitis, glaucoma, smoking, and alcohol consumption by trained interviewers. A logistic regression model was created to analyse the odds ratio of having a history of glaucoma among patients with periodontitis. Two-tailed analyses using chi-square and independent t-tests were used for statistical analysis. The adjusted odds ratio of periodontitis as a risk factor for glaucoma was 3.44 (95% confidence interval = 2.99–3.97, p < 0.001 ). This study demonstrated that glaucoma was associated with periodontitis.

scholarly journals False Positive Rates and Associated Risk Factors on the VOMS and mBESS in U.S. Military Personnel

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony P. Kontos ◽  
MAJ Katrina Monti ◽  
Shawn R. Eagle ◽  
MAJ Eliot Thomasma ◽  
Cyndi L. Holland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Motion Sickness ◽  
Military Personnel ◽  
False Positive ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
False Positives ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of

ABSTRACT Context: In 2018, the U.S. military developed the Military Acute Concussion Evaluation-2 (MACE-2) to inform acute evaluation of mTBI. However, researchers have yet to investigate false positive rates for components of the MACE-2 including the Vestibular-Ocular Motor Screen (VOMS) and modified Balance Error Scoring System (mBESS) in military personnel. Objective: To examine factors associated with false positives in VOMS and mBESS in U.S. Army Special Operations Command (USASOC) personnel. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Military medical clinic. Participants: 416 healthy USASOC personnel completed medical history, VOMS, and mBESS evaluations. Main Outcome Measures: False positive rates for the VOMS (2+ on VOMS symptom item, ≥ 5 cm for near point of convergence [NPC] distance) and mBESS (total score &gt;4) were determined using chi-square analyses and independent samples t-tests. Multivariable logistic regressions (LR) with adjusted odds ratios (aOR) were performed to identify risk factors for false positives on VOMS and mBESS. VOMS items false positive rates ranged from 10.6% (smooth pursuits) to 17.5% (NPC). mBESS total score false positive rate was 36.5%. Results: The multivariable LR model supported three significant predictors of VOMS false positives including age (OR= 1.07, 95% CI= 1.02–1.12, p=0.007), migraine (OR=2.49, 95% CI= 1.29–4.81, p=0.007), and motion sickness history (OR=2.46, 95% CI= 1.34–4.50, p=0.004). Results of the multivariable LR model supported only motion sickness history as a significant predictor (OR=2.34, 95% CI= 1.34–4.05, p=0.002) of mBESS false positives. Conclusions: There were low false positive rates across VOMS items, which were associated with age, history of mTBI, migraine, and motion sickness. False positives for the mBESS total score were higher (36.5%) and were only associated with a history of motion sickness. These risk factors for false positives should be considered when administering and interpreting VOMS and mBESS components of the MACE-2 in this population.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Associated Factors of Hypertension among Assosa town, WesternEthiopia, 2018

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Health Center ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
History Of ◽  
Sub Saharan

Background: Hypertension, the global first and third risk for mortality and disease burden respectively, is recording an increment in Sub-Saharan Africa countries. This study aimed to identify prevalence and its associated risk factor of Hypertension in the Assosa town. Objective: To identify prevalence and factors associated with hypertension in the study area to increase it’s prevention and control methods. Methods & materials: Institutional based cross sectional study design with quota non-probability sampling technique was conducted among patients visited OPD units ofAssosa General Hospital (AGH) andAssosa Health Center(AHC) fromMarch to June 2018. All outpatients were included. To collect data, pre-tested structured questionnaire and face to face interviews were used. Components ofstatisticalresearch software SPSS version-21 like frequency table, chi-square test of independence & logistic regression was used to enter, analyze, summarize and characterize disease and associated factors data. Result: The study was conducted among 194 participants(152 from AGH and 42 from AHC) with 102 males and 92 females. Prevalence of hypertension among patients visited outpatient units of Assosa General Hospital and Assosa Health Center was 17.5%, and was slightly highest in male than female. Associated factors for hypertension among patients visited OPD units of AGH & AHC were history of hypertension in the family (CI=95% and COR=4.497(1.133-17.844) and being private employee (CI=95% and COR=0.0017(0.001-0.407). Conclusion & recommendation: Prevalence of HTN in the Assosa town, was low and influenced by some risk factors like work status and previousfamily history of hypertension. Even if usual usage ofsalt and using vegetable oil was not associated factor, being private employee were independent factor of HTN. In-depth study is recommended for further investigation. To increase preventative methods of HTN, health education supported by mass media, illustrative posters and anotherstrategies at every government & non government work sector are recommended.

scholarly journals Influence of intraoperative findings on immediate flow through radial-cephalic arteriovenous wrist fistulas for hemodialysis access

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 208-214
Author(s):  
Afonso César Polimanti ◽  
Rafael Vilhena de Carvalho Fürst ◽  
Sidnei José Galego ◽  
Alexandre Sacchetti Bezerra ◽  
Fernando Adami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Predictive Value ◽  
Venous Access ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Arterial Calcification ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Predictive Values ◽  
Multiple Characteristics ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
Flow Through

Abstract Background Adequate flow through a newly created arteriovenous fistula depends on multiple characteristics of the vessels and patient comorbidities. Several studies have related preoperative findings to failure, but few have analyzed the influence of intraoperative findings. Objectives To evaluate the predictive value of intraoperative findings on the immediate outcome of radial-cephalic arteriovenous wrist fistulas (RCAVF) by collecting data that are easily measured intraoperatively. Methods We designed a cross-sectional study, in which a single surgeon performed 101 RCAVF in 100 patients at a single center. We analyzed the immediate postoperative flow, assessed by thrill intensity immediately after fistula creation, against patient demographics and intraoperative data. The following variables were analyzed: age, sex, comorbidities, length of vein visible at preoperative examination, macroscopic arterial calcification, maximum vein diameter, and length of stenosis-free vein, measured by cannulation with a urethral catheter during the procedure. The chi-square test was used both to eliminate possible bias introduced by side of venous access (left or right), and to determine predictive values of immediate thrill. Results Side of access was not associated with any significant differences in variables. Absence of macroscopic arterial calcification, successful venous catheterization using a 6 French catheter or larger, and ability to advance it more than 10 centimeters along the lumen of the proximal vein were correlated with adequate immediate postoperative thrill (p = 0.004, p < 0.001, and p = 0.005, respectively). Conclusions In this series of 101 RCAVF, both the diameter of the catheter and its progress through the proximal vein and also absence of arterial calcification had positive predictive value for achieving adequate immediate thrill after vascular access construction.

scholarly journals Stimulation and cognitive function in short-stature preschoolers

2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
Ika Citra Dewi ◽  
Rini Sekartini ◽  
Hartono Gunardi ◽  
Asrawati Nurdin
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Short Stature ◽  
Primary Caregivers ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Normal Height ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Primary Scale ◽  
History Of

Background Normal-height children generally have better cognitive function than growth-stunted, short-stature children. Children’s cognitive function reportedly improves with stimulation. However, a correlation between stimulation and cognitive function in children with a history of short stature remains unclear. Objective To assess correlation between stimulation and cognitive function in normal-height vs. short-stature preschool children. Methods A cross-sectional study with consecutive sampling was performed in four sub-district areas in Jakarta. Preschool-aged children and their primary caregivers from previous studies on short stature were eligible for inclusion. An Indonesian version of a questionnaire was used to assess stimulation. A psychologist assessed verbal IQ (VIQ), performance IQ (PIQ), and full-scale IQ (FSIQ) with the Indonesian version of the Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (WPPSI). Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation and Chi-square tests, and P values <0.05 were considered to be significant. Results Of 62 subjects, 64.5% had normal height and 35.5% had short stature. Both normal-height and short-stature children had similar IQ outcome and history of stimulation. The stimulation was significantly correlated with FSIQ in normal-height children (r= 0.316; P=0.047), but not short-stature children (r=0.049; P=0.828). However, the percentage differences in VIQ, PIQ, and FSIQ between normal-height and short-stature children were not significant (P=0.409, 0.119 and 0.877, respectively). Conclusion  There is a significant correlation between stimulation and IQ in normal-height children. Short-stature preschoolers were not worse in terms of IQ than normal-height preschoolers. Parents and caregivers should be encouraged to provide regular and adequate stimulation to their young children.

scholarly journals Relationship between sodium, calcium, and preeclampsia during pregnancy : a Cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 31
Author(s):  
Fitri Handayani ◽  
Fatimah Fatimah ◽  
Yulinda Kurniasari ◽  
Lia Dian Ayuningrum
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Mortality ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
P Value ◽  
Postpartum Women ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
Expectant Mothers ◽  
Development Goals

<p><strong>ABSTRACT</strong><strong></strong></p><p><strong><em>Background:</em></strong> In the world maternal mortality as many as 830 women died due to complications in childbirth. In 2015, 303.000 women died during pregnancy and after pregnancy. Target Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) year 2030 lowers MATERNAL MORTALITY RATE under 70 per 100.000 live births. Pregnancy complications can cause bleeding before or after childbirth, preeclampsia, eclampsia, infections, and others. Maternal death case in Kab. Bantul in 2015 is 9 cases. Research Data in the Panembahan Senopati Hospital in the year 2017 the incidence of childbirth with complications of 1068 people. The prevalence of preeclampsia in expectant mothers is 176 people by 16.47%.</p><p><strong>Objectives: </strong>This research aims to know the relationship of sodium and calcium consumption in the mother of Nifas with preeclampsia during pregnancy in the Panembahan Senopati Hospital. Number of Samples were 54 postpartum women in Panembahan Senopati Bantul. Processing and analysis of data using the Chi-square test.</p><p><strong>Method<em>s: </em></strong>This type of research is an analytical observational, with a research design using a cross-sectional.</p><p><strong><em>Results:</em></strong> Characteristics of most respondents in the age category of 20-35 years as many as 38 people (70.4%), education graduated of senior high school 28 people (51.9%), history of not hypertension as many as 51 people (94.4%) and has no preeclampsia history as much as 50 people (92.6%). Statistical test results of Chi-square and p-value sodium was 0.564 (&gt; 0.05) and P-value calcium was 1.000 (&gt; 0.05).</p><p><strong><em>Conclusion</em></strong>: There is no relationship between sodium and calcium consumption of postpartum women with preeclampsia problem during pregnancy at Panembahan Senopati Hospital.</p><p><strong>KEYWORDS:</strong> <em>calcium, <em>preeclampsia, </em></em>s<em>odium</em></p>

Orthodontic Treatment Need in Bangladeshi Young Adults Evaluated Through Dental Aesthetic Index

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Kajol Chandra Paul ◽  
Md Zakir Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Orthodontic Treatment ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Treatment Need ◽  
Chi Square Test ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Mean

Aim : The objectives of this study were to evaluate the severity of malocclusion and orthodontic treatment need in Bangladeshi young adults by using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI).Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Government and private college of Dhaka and Netrokona, Bangladesh. A total of 405 students (from 17 to 25 years old) were selected by convenience sampling. Students wearing orthodontic appliance or reporting a history of orthodontic treatment were excluded from the study. Clinical examinations were conducted using the Dental Aesthetic Index (DAI). The chi-square test (x2) was used to compare malocclusion severity. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare the changes in DAI scores and the mean DAI scores between various age groups. The t test was used to compare the mean DAI scores between sex groups.Results: 405 college students were examined, 305(75.3%) were boys and 100(24.7%) were girls. Most of the  students 277(68.4%) had DAI scores ? 25 with no or little malocclusion requiring slight  or no  orthodontic  treatment, 76(18.8%) had DAI score of 26-30 with definite malocclusion requiring elective orthodontic  treatment, 34(8.4%) had DAI score of 31-35 with severe type of malocclusion requiring highly desirable orthodontic treatment, 18(4.4%) had DAI score ? 36 with very severe or handicapping malocclusion requiring mandatory orthodontic treatment.Conclusion: The majority of the students in our study (68.4%) required no or little treatment; (12.8%) had definite malocclusion requiring definite orthodontic treatment.Ban J Orthod & Dentofac Orthop, April 2013; Vol-3, No.2

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