Assessing plant-based coagulant performance to improve the safety and quality of water

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Umera Siddique ◽  
Naveed Ahmed ◽  
Masood Sadiq Butt ◽  
Rashida Parveen ◽  
Ubaid Rahman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Effective ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Acceptable Limit ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Natural Coagulants ◽  
Health Organization

The proposed work was carried out to replace the conventional water purification methods by natural coagulants. Samples of groundwater were obtained and analyzed for quality parameters. The coagulants of Moringa oleifera, orange peels, and date pits were prepared, and different combinations of these coagulants were used to find out the most effective one. Results regarding various physicochemical tests including pH, electrical conductivity, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), calcium, magnesium, total hardness, bicarbonates, chlorides and heavy metals revealed that pH was not affected by treatments, values for EC were dropped down slightly but not reduced to an acceptable limit of World Health Organization (WHO). TDS, total hardness and chlorides reduced to the acceptable limit of WHO. Additionally, a significant reduction was recorded in lead and arsenic contents of treated water samples. Moreover, the results exhibited that the values for TPC and Total Coliform were dropped down slightly but not reduced to a satisfactory limit of WHO, while fecal Coliform reduced to the acceptable limit of WHO and E.coli was found to be zero in all samples. Conclusively, natural coagulants contain good adsorbent properties, which can confer the purification of water in a cost-effective way.

Ground Water Use Near an Open Dumpsite in a Peri-urban Community

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 252-257
Author(s):  
O.A. Mokuolu ◽  
I. Olaniyi ◽  
J.O. Iji
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Nitrate ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Residential Community ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
High Turbidity ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Iron Manganese

Quality of groundwater used for drinking and domestic purposes near an open dumpsite was investigated. Groundwater parameters for wells GW1, GW2, GW3 and GW4 were analysed and their values were compared with World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ). Physico-chemical and bacteriological analysis were carried out to determine the quality. Parameters analysed include; Temperature, Turbidity, Total Hardness, pH, Alkalinity, Electrical Conductivity, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids, Total Solids, Magnesium, E-coli, Calcium, Nitrate, BOD, COD, DO, Chloride, Sulphate, Iron, Manganese and Lead. The results indicated that all parameters except turbidity, iron and lead were within the standards, all samples showed high concentration of iron and lead while GW1, GW2 and GW3 showed high Turbidity. The study concluded that groundwater situated around the dumpsite is unfit for drinking purposes. An engineered landfill located away from residential community was recommended.

scholarly journals Suitability of Usuma Dam Water for Domestic Use in Federal Capital Territory, Abuja, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
pp. 37-48
Author(s):  
Sani Mustapha Omolori ◽  
Marcus Danjuma ◽  
Magaji Joshua
Keyword(s):  
Water Samples ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Mean Values ◽  
Water Properties ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Regulatory Standard ◽  
Domestic Use ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Domestic Purpose

The quality of water sources should be tested regularly for various parameters of interest to ensure it meet the standard qualities required for intended use(s). Thus, the suitability of Usuma dam water for domestic use in Nigeria’s Federal Capital Territory Abuja was assessed. The objectives were to assess the properties of Usuma dam water and ascertain its suitability for domestic purpose. A total of thirty (30) water samples were fetched directly. Ten (10) samples each from upstream, downstream and middle were collected. Precautions were taken to prevent sample contamination. Data collected were analyzed as follows: The water properties was analyzed using range and mean, suitability of water properties for domestic purpose was  analyzed by comparing range and mean values with Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDWQ) and the World Health Organization (WHO) standard for domestic uses. Result showed that water sample were slight acidic (6.83), EC was low (122-180 µs/cm3), TDS (120-144 Mg/l), TSS (1.2-1.7 Mg/l, turbidity (0.29-5.37 Mg/l,) total hardness (7.18-40.46 Mg/l) DO (3.8-4.7 Mg/l), BOD (2.2-4.21 Mg/l), and (25.6-55.4 Mg/l). Minerals nutrients (Ca, Mg, Cl-,Na, K, NO-3 and PO-4. ) in water samples were lower than regulatory standard while heavy metals (Fe, Si, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd, Cu, Mn, F and B) were relatively higher than regulatory standard. It was concluded that water from Usuma dam are not safe for domestic purpose especially drinking.

scholarly journals Water hydrochemistry of Lake Boudaroua in the Moroccan Prerifwest Mediterranean region

2021 ◽  
Vol 234 ◽  
pp. 00078
Author(s):  
Hicham En-nkhili ◽  
Issam Etebaai ◽  
Khadija El kharrim ◽  
Driss Belghyti
Keyword(s):  
Surface Water ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Rate Variation ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Impact

In order to assess the quality of surface water of Boudaroua Lake, located in the Moroccan Pre-rif.The water quality parameters was used to evaluate the potential presence of toxicity of this ecosystem. To this end, samples and hydrochemical analyzes were carried out for five permanent stations around the Lake, during the study period (July 2019, October 2019, January 2020). The study was based on 11 parameters, namely, turbidity (TUR), dissolved oxygen (O2), total hardness (DT), calcium (Ca2+),magnesium(Mg2+), sodium (Na+),potassium (K+), ammonium (NH+4), chloride(Cl−), sulfate( SO2−4), nitrate (NO-3)were considered. The results obtained of these physicochemical parameters have been compared with the Moroccan standard (MS) for surface water and with the World Health Organization (WHO). The results indicated that the values of the physicochemical parameters varies significantly seasonally due to precipitation rate variation. In addition the impact of Agricultural pollution resulting from the excessive use of fertilizers that enter the lake through waterways, such as ammonium NH+4, and dissolved oxygen (O2) its value reaching respectively 1.09 mg/L ,12 mg/L remains above standards (MS) and (WHO) which could harm the ecosystem of the lake.

scholarly journals Assessment of Spatial Variation of Physicochemical Parameters of Groundwater in Some Communities of Yenagoa Metropolis

2021 ◽  
pp. 55-71
Author(s):  
Alfred Wilson Opukumo ◽  
Austin O. Oki
Keyword(s):  
Groundwater Quality ◽  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
High Concentration ◽  
Gis Technology ◽  
Groundwater Samples ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Health Organization

Water is a basic need of life, and more so, potable water is critical for healthy living. Shallow boreholes are now popular as the main source of drinking water in the Yenagoa metropolis due to the contamination of surface water and rainwater caused by poor management of wastes and crude oil facilities in the area. However, there are concerns about variations in the quality of groundwater across communities in the Yenagoa metropolis. Thus, this study assesses the spatial variations of physicochemical parameters of groundwater samples from 50 boreholes in the area, and results compared with recommended standards prescribed by the World Health Organization (WHO). Parameters analyzed were pH, electrical conductivity (EC), salinity, total dissolved solids (TDS), nitrate, chloride, sulfate, total alkalinity (TA), total hardness (TH), calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, and iron. Global Information System (GIS) technology was adopted to present the groundwater quality in respect to each physicochemical parameter, in thematic maps. The maps showed that groundwater was slightly acidic in most communities in Central and Northern Yenagoa like Ekeki, Swali, Akaba, and Okolobiri. In communities like Ogbogoro, Ekeki, Azikoro and Yenegwe the EC was higher than the standard permissible value according to the WHO. A very high concentration of iron was observed across all communities except a few like Nedogo, Okolobiri, Tombia, Gbarantoru, Ayama, Famgbe, and Ikibiri having iron-free groundwater. Concentrations of TDS, calcium, magnesium, nitrates, sulfates, potassium, and sodium were within permissible limits across all communities. Communities like Ayama-Ijaw, Obololi, Ikibiri, Ikudu, Bomodi, Tombia, and Akaibiri had good groundwater while Ekeki, Famgbe, Yenaka, and Kpansia boast of excellent groundwater quality, and other areas had either poor or unsuitable groundwater for consumption. Treatment is recommended for parameters with higher concentrations than the standard value stipulated by the WHO.

scholarly journals Physico-Chemical Quality Assessment of Various Bottled Commercial Water Brands in Okada Town, Edo State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
F. W. Ngubi ◽  
I. Eiroboyi
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
Bottled Water ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Chemical Quality ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Health Organization

In this study, Physico-chemical assessment of some commercial drinking water sold in bottles in Okada Town was evaluated to ascertain their compliance with World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Industrial Standard (NIS): Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality threshold limits using standard analytical methods. Seven different bottled water samples obtained from different manufacturers labelled BWA to BWG were analyzed physically and chemically. Physical examination of the samples showed that they were odourless, colourless, and tasteless. Chemical quality parameters examined were pH, Chloride (Cl-), total hardness (TS), Phosphate (PHO3-), Nitrate (NO3-), Sulphate (SO42-), Iron (Fe), Potassium (K), Sodium (Na), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), total dissolved solids (TDS), conductivity, turbidity, and total suspended solids (TSS). The pH values of 57.1% of the water samples (BWA, BWB, BWC, BWE & BWF) were within the standards. The remaining chemical quality parameters (Cl-, TS, PHO3-, NO3-, Sulphate SO42-, Iron Fe, K, NA, Mn, Zn, TDS, Conductivity, turbidity, and TSS) of the branded bottled water samples were within the standards for clean and safe drinking. Therefore, they were considered safe and fit for human consumption. 

scholarly journals Water quality profile of fresh water wetland of Atpadi in Sangli District, Maharashtra (India)

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Alaka A. Patil
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
Biological Oxygen Demand ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Quality Profile ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Health Organization

This paper presents a study on influence on environmental parameters on water quality at wetland of Atpadi in Atpadi tehsil of Sangli district on the basis of water quality index (WQI). WQI was determined on the basis of various parameters like pH, dissolved oxygen, total alkalinity, total hardness, calcium, magnesium, chlorides, total dissolved solids and biological oxygen demand for which no earlier reports are available on these water bodies. During this investigation, it was observed that some parameters are within the range prescribed by World Health Organization, Indian Council of Medical Research, Bureau of Indian Standard etc. But some parameters are beyond the permissible limit.

scholarly journals Investigation of Groundwater Quality from Selected Wells in Paiko, Northcentral Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
AWEDA Abdulwahid Kolawole ◽  
AMADI Akobundu Nwanosike ◽  
KYARI Reuben ◽  
SAMUEL Abel ◽  
SAMSON Bitrus Awu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Total Coliform ◽  
Shallow Aquifer ◽  
World Health ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Microbiological Analysis ◽  
Dug Wells ◽  
Calcium Magnesium ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Drinking Purpose

Groundwater from hand dug wells and boreholes in Paiko, northcentral Nigeria were subjected to physico-chemical as well as microbiological analysis to determine their suitability for drinking purpose. The water from the hand dug wells are predominantly calcium magnesium chloride (Ca-Mg-Cl) water while those from boreholes are calcium magnesium bicarbonate water (Ca-Mg-HCO3) facies. The results showed elevated cations and anions concentration in the hand dug wells in addition to the water being slightly acidic. Also, the nitrate concentration in the hand dug wells is above the maximum permissible limit of 50mg/l postulated by World Health Organization (WHO) and Nigerian Standard for Drinking Water Quality (NSDQ). Microbiological analysis revealed Total Coliform Count of 100cfu and 360cfu in the hand dug wells and borehole respectively signifying faecal contamination. The study revealed that improper sewage systems as well as poor waste disposal is responsible for the poor water quality as well as elevated concentration of nitrate in hand dug wells, and as such the shallow aquifer groundwater in the area are not safe for drinking purpose with respect to all the parameters taken together.

scholarly journals Physicochemical Quality of Water from Chuho Springs, Kisoro District, Uganda

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 12-26
Author(s):  
Gerald Nkurunziza ◽  
◽  
Timothy Omara ◽  
Caroline Kiwanuka Nakiguli ◽  
Paul Mukasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dissolved Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Demand ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Total Alkalinity ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Quality Of Water ◽  
Calcium Magnesium

In the current study, water from Chuho springs used as the main water source in Kisoro municipality, Uganda were assessed for their suitability as drinking water. The temperature, turbidity, conductivity, total dissolved solids, dissolved oxygen, biological oxygen demand, total hardness, total alkalinity, calcium, magnesium, phosphates, iron, copper, arsenic, chlorides and the fluoride content of the water samples were determined. Not all the parameters met World Health Organizations’ guidelines for drinking water. Temperature, dissolved oxygen and fluorides were outside the recommended limits of 15 ℃, 10-12 mg/L and 1.5 mg/L, respectively. Further studies should assess the microbiological and sanitary profile of the springs.

scholarly journals Study of Physiochemical Ground Water Quality Parameters of Different Hospital Areas of Faisalabad

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Saba Yousaf ◽  
Muhammad Ali Awais ◽  
Muhammad Naveed ◽  
Sumaira Shabbir ◽  
Sabir Ali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Ground Water ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Quality Parameters ◽  
World Health ◽  
Total Hardness ◽  
Physiochemical Parameters ◽  
Standard Values ◽  
Health Organization

The main sources of water are rain, surface and ground water. These resources are contaminated due to human activities. Clean water is basic need at every step of life, it also ensures the good health. The main objective of this study was to access the quality of ground water in Faisalabad city. From different hospitals of the Faisalabad water samples were collected to estimate their physiochemical parameters. The physiochemical parameters such as (color, taste, odor, pH, Electrical Conductivity (EC) and Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) were analyzed and their values were compared with the standard values given by the World Health Organization. In majority of the colonies some parameters were found within permissible parameters of above standard such as pH and total hardness. But in few colonies EC and TDS values deviated with reference to the recommended values. On the completion of data physiochemical parameters of ground water, statistical analysis was applied. Statistical analysis was carried out to evaluate the significant different between means of samples.

scholarly journals Improving the Role and Contribution of Pharmacokinetic Analyses in Antimalarial Drug Clinical Trials

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (10) ◽  
pp. 5643-5649 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine Kay ◽  
Eva Maria Hodel ◽  
Ian M. Hastings
Keyword(s):  
Antimalarial Drug ◽  
Theoretical Data ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
World Health ◽  
Efficacy Trials ◽  
Drug Concentrations ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
Study Designs

ABSTRACTIt is now World Health Organization (WHO) policy that drug concentrations on day 7 be measured as part of routine assessment in antimalarial drug efficacy trials. The rationale is that this single pharmacological measure serves as a simple and practical predictor of treatment outcome for antimalarial drugs with long half-lives. Herein we review theoretical data and field studies and conclude that the day 7 drug concentration (d7c) actually appears to be a poor predictor of therapeutic outcome. This poor predictive capability combined with the fact that many routine antimalarial trials will have few or no failures means that there appears to be little justification for this WHO recommendation. Pharmacological studies have a huge potential to improve antimalarial dosing, and we propose study designs that use more-focused, sophisticated, and cost-effective ways of generating these data than the mass collection of single d7c concentrations.

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