scholarly journals Best Practices of Russia and Finland in Extracting REE from Fertilizer Waste

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Vladimir Rychkov ◽  
Pertti Koukkari ◽  
Sergey Kirillov ◽  
Evgenii Kirillov
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Best Practices ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Waste Stream ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Inorganic Waste ◽  
Modern Technologies

<p>In the production of fertilisers and commodity metals large amounts of stabilised waste is generated. Conventionally, manufacturing is targeted at the recovery of economically and technically most attractive key elements while the inorganic waste stream will gather all the other added-value chemical quantities. For example, substantial amounts of <em>rare earth metals</em>, which are increasingly used in various modern technologies including cleantech and photonics are present in <em>phosphogypsum</em>, the voluminous waste of the worldwide fertiliser industry. The waste heaps, while generally stabilised against weathering, appear usually granular or even as powder-like fines. Thus they represent a readily comminuted raw material for innovative mechanical, hydrometallurgical, biohydrometallurgical and pyrometallurgical techniques to recover considerable amounts of valuable metals and metal concentrates.</p>

Marine Authigenic Deposits Mineral - New Fields for the Development of Rare Earth Resources

2011 ◽  
Vol 291-294 ◽  
pp. 1748-1751
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Chang Shui Liu ◽  
Lian Feng Gao ◽  
Zhen Guo Zhang ◽  
Peng Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Mineral Resources ◽  
Resource Depletion ◽  
Polymetallic Nodules ◽  
Growth History ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
The World ◽  
Development And Utilization ◽  
Rare Earth Mineral

Rare earth metals are an important strategic resource. Due to scarce reserves, and large consumer demand, it is facing the crisis of resource depletion. Marine are the largest deposits sites in the world. In the long growth history, marine autogenic sedimentary mineral, such as polymetallic nodules, crusts with large quantities, not only contain the enrichment of Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Ni and other valuable metals, but also contain extremely rare earth elements (REE) in the crust. Thus, in the process of developing marine mineral resources, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Ni and other metals are used, while it is possible for the development and utilization of the associated rare earth mineral. Marine may become a new field of rare earth resources development.

Recovery of rare earth metals (REMs) from primary raw material: sulphatization-leaching-precipitation-extraction

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 319-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaure Karshigina ◽  
Zinesh Abisheva ◽  
Yelena Bochevskaya ◽  
Ata Akcil ◽  
Elmira Sargelova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Raw Material

Reductive Dissolution of a Lateritic Ore Containing Rare Earth Elements (REE) Using Acidithiobacillus Species

2017 ◽  
Vol 262 ◽  
pp. 299-302
Author(s):  
Ivan Nancucheo ◽  
D. Barrie Johnson ◽  
Manoel Lopes ◽  
Guilherme Oliveira
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Mineral Dissolution ◽  
The Other ◽  
Reductive Dissolution ◽  
Valuable Metals ◽  
Lateritic Ore

Lateritic deposits containing rare earth elements (REE) are important resources in Brazil, where monazite is the main REE-bearing mineral and is frequently associated with iron hydroxy-oxides and quartz. In order to recover valuable metals such as REE and uranium, experiments were carried out under reductive mineral dissolution using Acidithiobacillus species. In terms of phosphate, aerobic reductive dissolution at pH 0.9 using A. thiooxidans extracted about 35% of that present in the ore which is and indicator of the dissolution of monazite. Although only ~9% of the cerium and 5% of the lanthanum were extracted, ~72% of the uranium was solubilized, indicating that it was more susceptible to extraction by reductive dissolution than the other two REE.

Comparison of the Three Classes (Rare Earth, Refractory and Near-Noble) of Silicide Contacts

1981 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. D. Thompson ◽  
K. N. Tu
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Tensile Stress ◽  
Noble Metals ◽  
Schottky Barrier Height ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
The Other ◽  
Severe Problem ◽  
New Class ◽  
Motion Study

It is well established that near-noble metals and refractory metals form two distinct classes of silicide contacts with silicon. Rare earth metals have been studied in the same manner and found to form a new class that is very distinct from the other two in terms of properties and characteristics. Some of these characteristics are the formation of a disilicide phase, as an apparently first and last phase, at a surprisingly low temperature (250–400°C). Marker motion study using implanted krypton and argon showed silicon to be the dominant diffusing species for ErSi2. The Schottky barrier height to n-Si is 0.40 ± 0.04 eV and to p-Si is 0.70 ± 0.04 eV for all six of the metals studied. The surface morphology after reaction indicates the formation of a tensile stress by the silicide reaction. Oxidation of the rare earth metals is a severe problem although a variety of passivation schemes have been shown to work.

scholarly journals Polityka surowcowa w wymiarze metali ziem rzadkich. Rwanda – studium przypadku

2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-38
Author(s):  
Rafał Kamprowski ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Democratic Republic Of Congo ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Health And Safety ◽  
The United States ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Aviation Industry ◽  
Material Policy

The primary goal of a state's raw material policy is to ensure its raw material security. Due to the progressing technological development, rare earth metals play an increasingly important role. For several years, they have become the subject of a political game between the countries that play a dominant role in their market, i.e., the People's Republic of China and the United States. The other countries where the discussed groups of metals are mined were left on the sidelines of the discussion. The aim of the research undertaken in this article is to show the role of rare earth metals in creating raw material security on the example of Rwanda. It is home to some of the largest deposits of niobium and tantalum, key elements used in electronics, in aviation industry, and in the manufacturing of medical equipment. The main result of the research carried out is as follows: extraction of rare earth metals constitutes one of the foundations of the Rwandan economy. In recent years, there has been a significant professionalization of mining practices, bearing in mind the environment, health, and safety. It was also established that the factors that pose the most important threat to Rwanda's raw material policy include the current, uneasy situation on the border with the Democratic Republic of Congo, where the largest deposits of the metals in question are located, and the negative effects of the global Sars-Cov-2 pandemic.

Magnetic Anisotropy in the Binary Alloys of Gd with the Other Heavy Rare Earth Metals

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1179-1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hironobu Fujii ◽  
Yuzo Hashimoto ◽  
Akio Mishima ◽  
Nobuaki Shohata ◽  
Tetsuhiko Okamoto
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Magnetic Anisotropy ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Binary Alloys ◽  
The Other ◽  
Heavy Rare Earth

scholarly journals Potential of garnet sand as an unconventional resource of the critical high-technology metals scandium and rare earth elements

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Franziska Klimpel ◽  
Michael Bau ◽  
Torsten Graupner
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Red Mud ◽  
Waste Product ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Waste Products ◽  
Unconventional Resource ◽  
Disposal Cost ◽  
Industrial Waste Product

AbstractScandium is a critical raw material that is essential for the EU economy because of its potential application in enabling technologies such as fuel cells and lightweight materials. As there is currently no secure supply of Sc, several projects worldwide evaluate potential Sc sources. While elsewhere in Europe emphasis is placed upon secondary resources such as red mud, we investigated the potential of industrial garnet sand and its waste products. Since Sc readily substitutes for Mg and Fe in the crystal lattice of garnet, the garnet minerals almandine and pyrope, in particular, may show high Sc concentrations. Garnet sand, after being used as an abrasive in the cutting and sandblasting industry, is recycled several times before it is finally considered waste which eventually must be disposed of. Extraction of Sc (and rare earth elements, REE) from such garnet sand may generate added value and thereby reduce disposal cost. The studied garnet sands from different mines in Australia, India and the U.S., and industrial garnet sands commercially available in Germany from different suppliers show average Sc concentrations of 93.7 mg/kg and 90.7 mg/kg, respectively, i.e. similar to red mud. Our data also show that “fresh” and recycled garnet sands yield similar Sc concentrations. Within the framework of a minimum-waste approach, it may be feasible to utilize the industrial waste-product “garnet sand” as an unconventional source of Sc and REE, that reduces disposal cost.

scholarly journals Analisis Kelayakan Usaha dan Nilai Tambah Kerupuk Cumi

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Ramli Arul ◽  
Budi Setiawan ◽  
Siti Asmaul Mustaniroh
Keyword(s):  
Nutrient Content ◽  
The Other ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Fish Meat ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Fishery Products ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Tapioca Flour ◽  
Color Texture

One attempt to create a processed product of fishery products in the form of finished goods which main raw material are fishery products is by processing it into crackers. Crackers are generally made from tapioca flour as a source of starch with the addition of spices and water which have a low nutrient content. Addition of nutritional crackers can be done by adding fish meat. While on the other hand, the type of fish as the main raw material for making fish crackers greatly influences the color, texture and taste of fish crackers. As in the case with squid crackers which have distinctive taste and performance when compared to other fish crackers. To see the potential of the squid cracker business, it is necessary to conduct research to see whether the processing of squid into squid crackers is able to provide increased income or in other words whether the squid cracker business is feasible or not and how much added value from processing squid to squid crackers. This study aims to look at the feasibility of squid cracker business in terms of financial aspects and to determine the amount of added value obtained from processing squid into squid crackers. The research showed that the development of a squid cracker business was feasible and prospective to be carried out.

scholarly journals FORMING NEW RARE EARTH RESOURCES ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE REPUBLIC OF SAKHA (YAKUTIA)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 248-256
Author(s):  
Viktor A. Yatsenko
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Rare Earths ◽  
Technological Progress ◽  
Rare Earth Metals ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
High Tech ◽  
New Type ◽  
The Republic

The paper makes retrospective analysis of discovering and identifying rare earth metals. Their potential is stillbeing opened by scientific and technological progress. Moreover, this type of raw material is used for production of new high-tech products. As a result, demand appearedstimulates supply. In turn, greater supply stimulates developing and involving new type of rare earths sources.

scholarly journals Rare earth elements in deposited hard coal fly ash in Poland

2021 ◽  
Vol 278 ◽  
pp. 01016
Author(s):  
Justyna Woźniak ◽  
Marcel Gurdziel
Keyword(s):  
Rare Earth ◽  
Fly Ash ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Hard Coal ◽  
Central Statistical ◽  
Central Statistical Office ◽  
Modern Technologies

Rare Earth Elements (REEs), due to their unique properties, are nowadays a desirable raw material, especially in the development of modern technologies. This paper describes a 4-step research methodology for the task of identifying the potential for REE recovery in landfilled fly ash. A literature analysis was performed on their significance, occurrence in both primary and secondary deposits. Opportunities for REE recovery from coal fly ash in conventional power plants were identified and selected technologies were described. Poland, as a country whose energy sector is to a large extent based on coal, has a potential in this respect. Taking into account studies of the Polish Central Statistical Office (GUS) and forecasts of the Polish energy policy, the article determines the approximate value of REE in the waste stream from coal-fired power plants burning hard coal.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document