scholarly journals Development of Technology for Processing Oil Sludge with Application of Super High Frequency Electromagnetic Fields

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Tagiryanovna Harisova ◽  
Rail Idiatovich Saitov ◽  
Rinat Gazizyanovich Abdeev
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Oil Sludge ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This article considers the problem of processing and disposing of oil sludge of various origins. Large oil companies are concerned about the problem of incomplete processing of oil sludge. The most hazardous from an environmental point of view include oil sludge formed at all stages of oil production, transportation and refining. In recent years, oil-producing enterprises have introduced various technological solutions aimed at waste management into production, but there is no single method for processing oil sludge for the purpose of neutralization and disposal. All known oil sludge processing technologies by processing methods can be divided into the following groups: thermal - burning in open barns, furnaces of various types, obtaining bitumen residues; physical - burial in special cemeteries, separation in a centrifugal field, vacuum filtration and filtration under pressure; physical and chemical - the use of specially selected reagents that change the physical and chemical properties, followed by processing on special equipment; and biological - microbiological decomposition in the soil directly in storage, biothermal decomposition. Each of them, while having certain advantages, also has its drawbacks. For over 50 years, microwave heating technology has been used in industry. To present the advantages of this method, one needs to turn to the theory of microwave heating. Keywords: oil sludge, oil waste, influence of electromagnetic fields, water-in-oil emulsions

scholarly journals Oil slurries and methods of their disposal

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-272
Keyword(s):  
Negative Impact ◽  
Thermal Characteristics ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Oil Sludge ◽  
Oil Refining ◽  
Petrochemical Plant ◽  
Waste Oil ◽  
Road Materials ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

One of the most promising ways of recycling waste oil and oil refining industries, in particular oil sludge, is their processing into valuable building and road materials. Solving this issue can help reduce the negative impact on the environment, rational use of natural resources and improve the state's economy. In this regard, it is important to conduct research on the physical and chemical properties and thermal characteristics of oil sludge samples taken under the conditions of Pavlodar Petrochemical Plant LLP, which was the purpose of this work.

Experimental Study on the Heat Transfer in the Al Powder

2009 ◽  
Vol 83-86 ◽  
pp. 953-958
Author(s):  
Ching Yen Ho ◽  
Yu Hsiang Tsai ◽  
Mao Yu Wen
Keyword(s):  
Heat Transfer ◽  
Thermal Conduction ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Bulk Material ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Insulating Material ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Nanometer-sized particles possess characteristic physical and chemical properties different from those of bulk materials due to an increase in surface-to-volume ratios as well as of confinement of electrons, excitons, and photons into small volumes. Therefore it is worthwhile to discuss the thermal behaviours of powders constituted by nanometer-sized particles. The heat transfer in the powder composed of nanoparticles is experimentally investigated in this paper. The understanding for thermal properties of the powder is advantageous to the advancement of the processing technologies such as laser cladding, laser sintering, powder metallurgy and its other applications. The powder is wrapped up in the slender tube made of insulating material. One end of the slender tube filled with powder is maintained at temperature 0°C and the other end is kept at room temperature. The temperature histories at two different locations in the slender tube are recorded using thermal couples. The results show that the thermal diffusivity in the powder composed of nanoparticles is larger than that in bulk material. The pressure on the Al powders enhances the rate of heat transport due to the increase of contact area for thermal conduction.

scholarly journals A Novel 3d-4f CoII-GdIII system with 4,5-imidazoledicarboxylate and oxalate

2014 ◽  
Vol 70 (a1) ◽  
pp. C1721-C1721
Author(s):  
Andrés Vega ◽  
Carlos Cruz ◽  
Verónica Paredes-García ◽  
Evgenia Spodine ◽  
Diego Venegas-Yazigi
Keyword(s):  
Phase 1 ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Building Blocks ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Water Molecules ◽  
New Materials ◽  
Metal Centers ◽  
Physical And Chemical

The challenges of designing and synthesizing new materials, the complexity of their structures, and their potential physical properties have continued to attract a great deal of interest. The combination of organic and inorganic components into the same molecular backbone has captivated many researchers, and as a consequence of the multiple choices of the components and also of the used synthetic strategies, a wide variety of advanced materials has been obtained. In many cases, an increase in structural complexity gives rise to new properties, which cannot be foreseen on the basis of the single constituting moieties. Therefore, the assembly of different components, or molecular fragments, may give rise to new materials that exhibit interesting and useful physical and chemical properties in the condensed phase.1 From a structural and synthetic point of view, the literature shows that a wide variety of polymetallic systems ranging from 0D to 3D structures have been rationally designed and synthesized by the appropriate selection of the metal centers and organic building blocks, as well as of the reaction pathways.2 In this work, we will inform the synthesis and structural characterization of a novel 3d-4f bimetallic system: {[Co(H2O)2(ImDC)Gd(ox)2(H2O)]·2H2O}n. (ImDC: 4,5-imidazoledicarboxylate; ox: oxalate). The structure displays CoII cations having an approximately octahedral environment completed by two N,O-ImDC ligands and two water molecules, while the GdIII cations displays nine coordination completed exclusively by oxygen atoms coming from a water molecule and oxalate and ImDC anions (Figure1, left). The structure defines a covalent tridimensional lattice where two water molecules by formula are trapped inside the cavities left by this arrangement (Figure1, right). Figure 1: Structural diagram for the basic bimetallic unit Co(H2O)2(ImDC)Gd(ox)2(H2O) (left) and the packing showing trapped water molecules {[Co(H2O)2(ImDC)Gd(ox)2(H2O)]·2H2O}n (right). Acknowledgements: The authors acknowledge financial support from FONDECYT 1130643, Financiamiento Basal, FB0807. C.C. thanks CONICYT Fellowship.

scholarly journals SOME TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES AND WAYS OF THEIR OVERCOMING DURING VERTEBROPLASTY DEVELOPMENT

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 68-70
Author(s):  
D. S. Astapenkov
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Venous Outflow ◽  
Intravenous Anesthesia ◽  
Osteoporotic Vertebral Fractures ◽  
Vertebral Bodies ◽  
Metastatic Involvement ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Vertebroplasty was performed in 8 women in the age of from 43 till 80 years. The indication to intervention in one case was metastatic involvement, in four cases - osteoporotic vertebral fractures; to three patients vertebroplasty was performed in occasion of vertebral body gemangioma. The results of this study revealed, that for increase of safety the authors recommend to carry out the vertebroplasty under local anesthesia at presence of an anesthesiologist for possible additional intravenous anesthesia. The safest from the point of view of extravertebral distributions of cement is transpedicular access; flebospondylography does not allow predicting reliably distribution of cement in view of significant distinction of physical and chemical properties of entered substances however can be used for a tentative estimation of venous outflow at tumor process in vertebral bodies.

scholarly journals Implementation of a remote laboratory for the identification of polymeric materials by means of physical properties analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 2102 (1) ◽  
pp. 012008
Author(s):  
C O Vargas-Mantilla ◽  
W Palacios-Alvarado ◽  
B Medina-Delgado
Keyword(s):  
Physical Properties ◽  
Engineering Students ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Experimental Tests ◽  
Nonparametric Tests ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Remote Laboratory ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract Due to the strategies implemented to carry out the development of a correct teaching by virtual means, a methodological strategy of experimental tests was developed for the identification of polymeric materials through the identification of physical and chemical properties, with the objective of providing the engineering student a greater approach to the application of the scientific method and the activation of the capacity of reasoning and deductive thinking from the physical and chemical point of view. Therefore, the purpose of this research was to validate this strategy implemented with a group of engineering students, for this purpose, the strategy was implemented, and the results obtained by the students from the development of the experimentation were analyzed, the data were analyzed by means of nonparametric tests, in this case binomial test. Finally, it is concluded that the polymer identification test is feasible to be implemented as a remote laboratory, as a methodical strategy in teaching, since it allows the development of experimentation, in this case, the identification of polymeric materials, which present diverse physical properties.

Thermal Transport in the Copper Powders with Nanometer and Micrometer Particles

2010 ◽  
Vol 126-128 ◽  
pp. 952-956 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ching Yen Ho ◽  
Yu Hsiang Tsai ◽  
Feng Ming Sui
Keyword(s):  
Constant Temperature ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Nanosized Particles ◽  
Bulk Materials ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Copper Powders ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

This paper investigates effects of particle size on heat transfer in copper powders. The understanding for thermal properties of the powder is advantageous to the advancement of the processing technologies such as laser cladding, laser sintering, powder metallurgy and its other applications. Nanosized particles possess characteristic physical and chemical properties different from those of bulk materials due to the confinement of electrons, excitons, and photons into small volumes. Therefore it is valuable to discuss the thermal behaviours of powders constituted by nanometer-sized particles. The powder is wrapped up in the slender tube. One end of the slender tube filled with powder is connected to the low constant-temperature reservoir and the other end is kept at room temperature. The temperature histories at the 1cm location of the slender tube from the low constant-temperature reservoir are recorded using thermal couples. Powders of particles with the sizes 50nm and 5000nm are employed in this experiment. The results show that the thermal diffusion in the 50nm Cu powder is faster than that in the 5000nm Cu powder.

scholarly journals Content-Based and Cognitive-Linguistic Analysis of Cell Membrane Biology: Educational Reconstruction of Scientific Conceptions

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 151
Author(s):  
Leonie Johann ◽  
Jorge Groß ◽  
Denis Messig ◽  
Fredrik Rusk
Keyword(s):  
Cell Membrane ◽  
Cell Biology ◽  
Qualitative Content Analysis ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Membrane Function ◽  
Membrane Biology ◽  
Molecular Aspects ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Educational Reconstruction

By means of their pivotal role in the outbreak of a variety of diseases, such as, recently, COVID-19, the molecular aspects of cell membrane function have gained considerable attention from researchers in recent decades. The resulting information explosion and the growing interdisciplinary character of cell biology seems, however, to not be represented in science classrooms. Hence, there appears to be a gap between what is scientifically known and what is actually taught in classrooms. Framed by the model of educational reconstruction (MER), the aim of our study is therefore to identify scientific core ideas of cell membrane biology from an educational point of view. This is achieved by conducting qualitative content analysis of relevant cell biology literature. By using Conceptual Metaphor as a theory of understanding, we additionally illuminate the experiential grounding of scientific conceptions. Our results propose that cell membrane biology can be structured into three core ideas, comprising compartmentalisation, physical and chemical properties, and multicellular coordination interrelated by evolution as a key aspect. Our results show that scientists conceive these ideas metaphorically. Embodied part-whole relations seem, for example, to lay the grounds for their understanding of biological function. The outcomes of the study may inform future cell membrane teaching.

Some Notes on Artificial Aging Tests for Rubber

1930 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-168
Author(s):  
W. W. Vogt
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Aging ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Natural Aging ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Aging Test ◽  
Sufficient Degree ◽  
Service Conditions ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Correlation Factors ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract FROM a strictly quantitative point of view we should expect an artificial age test to duplicate in all respects the changes that take place on natural aging. In other words, all of the measurable physical and chemical properties should be changed in the same direction and to the same degree for all types of compounds. if we are looking for such performance from an artificial aging test, then in the writer's opinion none of the present tests fulfil these conditions to a sufficient degree to warrant any extensive use of correlation factors. It must, moreover, be realized that the present methods of artificial aging seek only to duplicate the natural aging of rubber on shelf storage in the dark. If we wish information that will predict aging of rubber products under their normal service conditions, then we must get into the field of specialized testing wherein the conditions with respect to light, temperature, humidity, etc., may be made to approach more nearly those of the actual service.

scholarly journals Ultrasound-Assisted Preparation of Brazil Nut Oil-in-Water Emulsions Stabilized by Arabic Gum

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Cristyana P. Sena ◽  
Renata S. Silva ◽  
Luciana A. Junqueira ◽  
Daniel D. F. Perreira ◽  
Patricia M. Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Brazil Nut ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Ultrasound Power

 The objective of this work is to evaluate the stability of Brazil nut oil emulsions with gum Arabic using ultrasound-assisted homogenization. The emulsions were prepared in a completely randomized design varying the time (2 and 4 min) and the ultrasound power (30 and 40%). The physicochemical properties of the emulsions (pH, conductivity, turbidity, zeta potential, surface tension, rheology and optical microscopy) were evaluated after the homogenization process and 4 hours later. The results showed that more energetic homogenization processes (longer duration and higher ultrasound power) favored the physicochemical properties, keeping the emulsions more stable. Thus, Brazil nut oil emulsions prepared with ultrasound-assisted showed good physic-chemical characteristics that can guarantee good emulsion stability during spray drying, guaranteeing efficiency and protection of the physical and chemical properties of the Brazil nut oil.

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