scholarly journals Ultrasound-Assisted Preparation of Brazil Nut Oil-in-Water Emulsions Stabilized by Arabic Gum

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Cristyana P. Sena ◽  
Renata S. Silva ◽  
Luciana A. Junqueira ◽  
Daniel D. F. Perreira ◽  
Patricia M. Albuquerque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Gum Arabic ◽  
Brazil Nut ◽  
Randomized Design ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Ultrasound Power

 The objective of this work is to evaluate the stability of Brazil nut oil emulsions with gum Arabic using ultrasound-assisted homogenization. The emulsions were prepared in a completely randomized design varying the time (2 and 4 min) and the ultrasound power (30 and 40%). The physicochemical properties of the emulsions (pH, conductivity, turbidity, zeta potential, surface tension, rheology and optical microscopy) were evaluated after the homogenization process and 4 hours later. The results showed that more energetic homogenization processes (longer duration and higher ultrasound power) favored the physicochemical properties, keeping the emulsions more stable. Thus, Brazil nut oil emulsions prepared with ultrasound-assisted showed good physic-chemical characteristics that can guarantee good emulsion stability during spray drying, guaranteeing efficiency and protection of the physical and chemical properties of the Brazil nut oil.

scholarly journals Some Properties of Oil Emulsions Influencing Insecticidal Efficiency

1928 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-12) ◽  
pp. 235-259
Author(s):  
L. L. English
Keyword(s):  
Good Reason ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Emulsifying Agent ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

It is very difficult to isolate any one property of an emulsion and determine separately its action on insects. The physical and chemical properties of the oil, the kind and amount of emulsifying agent, and the stability of the emulsion are all so closely interlocked that one property usually cannot be varied without changing the others. There is good reason for believing that no two emulsions—and, very likely, no two lots of an emulsion made by the same formula—are exactly alike.

scholarly journals Effect of Hydrophilic-Lipophilic Balance (HLB) Values of Surfactant Mixtures on the Physicochemical Properties of Emulsifiable Concentrate Formulations of Difenoconazole

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Walaa El-Sayed ◽  
Tahany G. M. Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Storage Stability ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Surfactant Mixtures ◽  
Emulsifiable Concentrate ◽  
Hydrophilic Lipophilic Balance ◽  
Physical Tests ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This study was designed to investigate the effect of hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) values of different surfactant mixtures on the physicochemical properties of emulsifiable concentrate formulations of difenoconazole. Physical tests of emulsion characteristics and storage stability studies were performed for the different samples to predict the stability of these formulations. Different parameters such as active ingredient content, pH, refractive index, surface tension, viscosity, flash point, persistent foam was determined for the prepared samples. The results showed that difenoconazole could be formulated as a stable emulsifiable concentrate by using a mixture of surfactants at HLB values 9.7, 11.9, 12.5 and 13.1. The storage stability test showed that the decomposition rate of the active ingredient content of difenoconazole in different stable formulations was within the acceptable limits of FAO Specifications. The physical and chemical properties of the stable formulations fulfilled the requirements of EC formulation.

scholarly journals Development of Technology for Processing Oil Sludge with Application of Super High Frequency Electromagnetic Fields

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julia Tagiryanovna Harisova ◽  
Rail Idiatovich Saitov ◽  
Rinat Gazizyanovich Abdeev
Keyword(s):  
Microwave Heating ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Oil Sludge ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Processing Technologies ◽  
Oil Companies ◽  
Oil Emulsions ◽  
Physical And Chemical

This article considers the problem of processing and disposing of oil sludge of various origins. Large oil companies are concerned about the problem of incomplete processing of oil sludge. The most hazardous from an environmental point of view include oil sludge formed at all stages of oil production, transportation and refining. In recent years, oil-producing enterprises have introduced various technological solutions aimed at waste management into production, but there is no single method for processing oil sludge for the purpose of neutralization and disposal. All known oil sludge processing technologies by processing methods can be divided into the following groups: thermal - burning in open barns, furnaces of various types, obtaining bitumen residues; physical - burial in special cemeteries, separation in a centrifugal field, vacuum filtration and filtration under pressure; physical and chemical - the use of specially selected reagents that change the physical and chemical properties, followed by processing on special equipment; and biological - microbiological decomposition in the soil directly in storage, biothermal decomposition. Each of them, while having certain advantages, also has its drawbacks. For over 50 years, microwave heating technology has been used in industry. To present the advantages of this method, one needs to turn to the theory of microwave heating. Keywords: oil sludge, oil waste, influence of electromagnetic fields, water-in-oil emulsions

Synthesis and Kinetic Investigations for the Isomerization Process of 2–Hydroxy Chalcone Derivatives

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 1046-1046
Author(s):  
Omar A Shareef Omar A Shareef ◽  
Said A Said and Ali Y Abdulrazaq Said A Said and Ali Y Abdulrazaq
Keyword(s):  
Biological Activities ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Pseudo First Order Reaction ◽  
First Order ◽  
Steric Factors ◽  
Kinetic Investigations ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The wide biological activities of flavanones are mainly depends on their physical and chemical properties, thus a number of substituted 2-Hydroxy chalcones have been synthesized, and their isomerization to their corresponding flavanones was studied. In order to determine the rate constant, kinetic experiments were performed using HPLC technique in (9:1) (CH3CN:H2O) medium at different temperature (298-318) K. The obtained results were interpreted by four steps mechanism, which considered the existence of phenoxide ion as the key intermediate. This study performed with a pseudo first order ( reaction in which the rate for the studied compounds follow the sequence 5 andgt; 2 andgt; 1 andgt; 4 andgt; 3, the activation energy have the same sequence for these compounds .The effect of substituents on the rate showed that electronic and steric factors play reasonable role on the stability of the product .

The Establishment of the 3rd National Reference Standard for Tachypleus Tridentatus Lysate

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 50
Author(s):  
Tong Cai ◽  
Guolai Zhang ◽  
Yusheng Pei ◽  
Hua Gao
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Reference Standard ◽  
Tachypleus Tridentatus ◽  
National Reference ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

<p><strong>Objective</strong>  To establish the 3rd national reference standard for Tachypleus Tridentatus Lysate Reagent. <strong>Method</strong> <strong>and Results</strong>  The candidates of reference standard were studied for the physical and chemical properties, and the stability. To determined its sensitivity by collaboration calibration. <strong>Conclusions</strong>  The sensitivity of the 3rd national reference standard for TAL is 0.06EU / ml, lot number is 150603-201003.</p>

scholarly journals Comparing the Physicochemical Properties of Upgraded Biomass Fuel by Torrefaction and the Ashless Technique

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (24) ◽  
pp. 5519 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lkhagvadorj Sh ◽  
Byoung-Hwa Lee ◽  
Young-Joo Lee ◽  
Chung-Hwan Jeon
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
High Heating Rate ◽  
Pine Sawdust ◽  
Herbaceous Biomass ◽  
High Heating ◽  
Pitch Pine ◽  
Proximate And Ultimate Analysis ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The purpose of this study was to investigate and compare the influence of torrefaction and an ashless process on the physical and chemical properties of pitch pine sawdust (PSD) and kenaf as types of woody and herbaceous biomass. The physicochemical properties of the materials pretreated by the ashless process with torrefaction including proximate and ultimate analysis, hydrophobicity, grindability, morphology, and structure were analyzed. The results showed that when ashless Kenaf was torrefied, the high heating rate and atomic ratios of O/C and H/C increased. The tendency of the torrefied, ashless Kenaf to absorb water decreased, and it became more hydrophobic (approximately 0% for the uptake rate of moisture). In addition, the grindability of the torrefied, ashless Kenaf was substantially improved compared to that of pretreated PSD. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller and scanning electron microscopy results showed that when Kenaf was pretreated, particles easily lost their fibrous structure and cracked as the number of macropores decreased. These results indicate that the herbaceous biomass of Kenaf, when pretreated with both torrefaction and the ashless process, exhibits improved physicochemical properties compared to the woody PSD.

scholarly journals Rat α2 acute-phase macroglobulin. Isolation and physicochemical properties

1976 ◽  
Vol 159 (3) ◽  
pp. 661-665 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Gauthier ◽  
H Mouray
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Acute Phase ◽  
Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Deae Cellulose ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Amino Acid Content ◽  
Acute Phase Reactant ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Exchange Chromatography ◽  
Physical And Chemical

1. Rat α2 acute-phase macroglobulin was isolated from turpentine-injected rats by Sephadex G-200 chromatography and ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose. This method, since it does not include (NH4)2SO4 treatment, allows the study of the physicochemical as well as the biological properties of the molecule. 2. The purity of the preparation was demonstrated by ultracentrifugation, polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, fused “rocket” immunoelectrophoresis as well as double immunodiffusion. 3. The rat α2 acute-phase macroglobulin was characterized in terms of its main physical and chemical properties. Its isoelctric point was determined by isoelectrofocusing to be 4.55; s020,w was 18.4S and E1%/1cm at 278 nm was 6.8. The mol.wt. was determined by light-scattering to be 770000. 4. The amino acid content was compared with that of rat α1 macroglobulin and was found very similar. The carbohydrate composition of α2 acute-phase macroglobulin was determined to be: hexose, 4.25%; glucosamine, 3.4%; sialic acid, 2%; fucose, 0.2%. From these results it was concluded that α2 acute-phase macroglobulin, although a typical acute-phase reactant, possesses the characteristic physicochemical properties of α macroglobulins.

Salting-out and salting-in experiments with lignosulfonates (LSs)

Holzforschung ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (5) ◽  
pp. 549-557 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernt O. Myrvold
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Salting Out ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Common Ion ◽  
The Common ◽  
Common Ion Effect ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

Abstract The solubility of lignosulfonates (LSs) in water is strongly dependent on other ions present in the water phase. The differences in the solubility might strongly influence the measurements of the physical and chemical properties of the LS molecules. A reduced solubility of the LS might also affect its utility in many practical applications. The understanding of the interaction between LSs and various salts is important for both practical and theoretical reasons. Therefore, the effect of salt concentrations on the LS has been investigated for 41 different salts with 14 different cations and 16 different anions. The observations cannot be explained by the common ion effect or the screening effects. On the contrary, it was found that the stability of LS solutions follows the Hofmeister series, with the exception of those ions that will chemically interact with the LS molecule. Moreover, the positions of phosphate (HPO42-) and sulfate (SO42-) ions were reversed.

The Fabrication and Progress of Core-Shell Composite Materials

2009 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 1561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shunsheng Cao ◽  
Juanrong Chen ◽  
Jie Hu
Keyword(s):  
Materials Science ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Core Shell ◽  
Production Methods ◽  
Potential Applicability ◽  
Shell Particles ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Shell Composite ◽  
Organic Particle

Core-shell materials, in which a layer or multilayer of inorganic or organic material surrounds an inorganic or organic particle core, have been investigated both as a means to improve the stability and surface chemistry of the core particle and as a way of accessing unique physical and chemical properties that are not possible from one material alone. As a result, the fabrication of core-shell particles is attracting a great deal of interest because of their unique properties and potential applicability in catalysis, semiconductors, drug delivery, enzyme immobilization, molecular recognition, chemical sensing, etc. As evidenced by the literature described and discussed in this review, a basic understanding of the mechanism and recent progress in production methods have enabled the fabrication of core-shell particles with unique and tailored properties for various applications in materials science.

scholarly journals Nanostructured terbium-doped ceria spheres: effect of dopants on their physical and chemical properties under reducing and oxidizing conditions

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (31) ◽  
pp. 16120-16131 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. M. Acuña ◽  
F. F. Muñoz ◽  
C. A. Albornoz ◽  
A. G. Leyva ◽  
R. T. Baker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Synthesis Method ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Physical And Chemical Properties ◽  
Doped Ceria ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
And Chemical Properties

The effect of Tb content and synthesis method on the physicochemical properties of nanostructured Tb-doped ceria spheres was studied. The nanostructured spheres contained more Tb as Tb3+ than conventionally prepared nanopowders.

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