Personal Attitude, Subjective Norm, and Perceived Behavioral Control: Differentiating Factors of Entrepreneurial Intention of High School Students who are Joining and not Joining the Entrepreneurship Education in an International School

Subjective Norm ◽

International School ◽

Personal Attitude ◽

Significant Difference

The Indonesian government provides an incentive to develop entrepreneurship to boost economic growth and to prepare for the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC) by increasing the entrepreneurial intentions of the Indonesian people. One way to develop entrepreneurial intentions is to apply entrepreneurship education early on. The Singapore National Academy (SNA) is an international school that offers the Business subject from grades 9 - 12. SNA also offers another form of entrepreneurship education, which is the Enterprising co-curricular activity (CCA) that is more focused on projectbased learning. This study was conducted in SNA, which has students of various ethnic groups who mostly have parents with an entrepreneurial background. The purpose of this study was to elucidate whether personal attitude (PA), subjective norm (SN), and perceived behavioral control (PBC) affect the intention of entrepreneurship of students who are joining CCA Enterprising and students who are not joining CCA Enterprising in SNA. The sample consisted of 60 respondents, including 30 students of CCA Enterprising and 30 students who were not in CCA Enterprising, who were recruited using a saturated sampling technique. Based on the results of the discriminant analysis with the stepwise method, all variables (subjective norm, personal attitude and perceived behavioral control) affected the entrepreneurial intention of students who were joining CCA Enterprising compared with students who were not joining CCA Enterprising. There was a significant difference between the entrepreneurship intentions of those in CCA Enterprising compared with those who were not. Keywords: entrepreneurship education, personal attitude, subjective norm, perceived behavioural control, entrepreneurial intention

Pre-Entrepreneurs’ Perception of the Technology Regime and Their Entrepreneurial Intentions in Korean Service Sectors

Journal of Open Innovation Technology Market and Complexity ◽

10.3390/joitmc7030179 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (3) ◽

pp. 179

Author(s):

Ilyong Ji ◽

Jinkyung Goo

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Control ◽

Subjective Norm ◽

Technological Environment ◽

Personal Attitude ◽

Service Sectors ◽

Established Firms

Startups and established firms in service sectors mostly fall into the supplier dominated or information intensive categories of Pavitt’s taxonomy. Entrepreneurs in these categories are not isolated from the technological environment because they can also be innovative (at least) by adopting technologies from outside. However, it has hardly been studied whether the entrepreneurial intention of pre-entrepreneurs in service sectors can be influenced by how they perceive technological environment. In this paper, using the theory of the planned behavior and technology regime, we examined the role of pre-entrepreneurs’ perception of the technology regime (opportunity, accessibility, and cumulativeness) on the formation of entrepreneurial intention in Korean service sectors. The results show that pre-entrepreneurs’ perception of the technology regime influences entrepreneurial intention via personal attitude and perceived behavioral control. Opportunity influenced personal attitude and subjective norm; accessibility influenced personal attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control; and cumulativeness influenced personal attitude and perceived behavioral control. Personal attitude and perceived behavioral control influenced entrepreneurial intention.

PENGARUH THEORY OF PLANNED BEHAVIOUR TERHADAP ENTREPRENEURIAL INTENTION MAHASISWA DI TANGERANG

Jurnal Manajemen ◽

10.31937/manajemen.v12i2.1629 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 159-174

Author(s):

Zoel Hutabarat

Keyword(s):

Theory Of Planned Behaviour ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

College Level ◽

Planned Behaviour ◽

Personal Attitude ◽

The Impact ◽

Young Entrepreneurs

The trend of young entrepreneurs coming from students is growing and this is in line with government programs that want to introduce and create resilient young entrepreneurs from an early age. When on campus, the desire of students to build a business is huge. But when they return to the community, the number of students who want to build a business is not as big as when they were in college. This study wants to look at the impact of the presence of entrepreneurship programs at the college level on entrepreneurial intentions on students. Can the program increase the desire of students to become entrepreneurs? This research was conducted by distributing questionnaires to as many as 200 students at three private universities in Tangerang who have an entrepreneurship program and the data collected were processed using SEM PLS 3. The results of this study indicate that the variables of personal attitude, perceived behavioral control, and subjective norm, affect entrepreneurial Student intentions at the three universities studied. This can be the basis for universities to develop existing entrepreneurship programs to enhance student creativity. Not only facilitating students with exhibition programs, but also providing students with the tools to be more creative and innovative, not only in product development but also in the process of experiencing consumers. Key Words: Theory of Planned Behaviour, Entrepreneurial Iintention, Students.

Entrepreneurial intentions on perceived behavioral control and personal attitude: moderated by structural support

Asia Pacific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship ◽

10.1108/apjie-08-2020-0124 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽

Author(s):

Alberto Magtoto Otchengco Jr. ◽

Yuri Walter Dulay Akiate

Keyword(s):

Structural Equation ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

The Philippines ◽

Equation Modeling ◽

Content Type ◽

Personal Attitude ◽

Structural Support

Purpose This study aims to explore the association between the tricycle drivers’ personal attitude and perceived behavioral control and their entrepreneurial intention. Moreover, the study was conducted to determine whether such a relationship is moderated by structural support. Design/methodology/approach A total of 349 tricycle drivers in the Philippines were randomly selected and served as the respondents of this study. To determine if there is a significant relationship between the variables, structural equation modeling was used. Findings Tricycle drivers denoted that the more positive their perceived behavior control and personal attitude is, the greater their entrepreneurial intention is likely to be. Hence, the relationship of perceived behavioral control and personal attitude on entrepreneurial intention is moderated by perceived structural support. Originality/value By learning individuals’ perceived behavioral control, personal attitude and their entrepreneurial intention of specific classes of people, specifically tricycle drivers, it is possible to assess the feasibility of entrepreneurial efforts initiated by the government even before it is implemented, avoiding wastage of both times, resources and effort.

Assessing The Impact of Microcredit Programs on Participant’s Entrepreneurial Behavior: A Conceptual Framework

Social and Management Research Journal ◽

10.24191/smrj.v12i2.5701 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 12 (2) ◽

pp. 2

Author(s):

Zuraidah Mohamed Isa ◽

Roslan Abdul Hakim ◽

Russayani Ismail

Keyword(s):

Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽

Planned Behavior ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Subjective Norm ◽

Entrepreneurial Behavior ◽

Personal Attitude ◽

The Poor ◽

The Impact

ABSTRACT Microcredit programs may have an impact on participants’ entrepreneurial behavior. Thus, an understanding of personal attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control as suggested by Ajzen’s theory of planned behavior (TPB) may enhance the understanding of the impact of microcredit on participants’ entrepreneurial behavior. Thus, by taking into account the participants’ personal attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control in ways that leads to the enhancement of participants’ entrepreneurial behavior, microcredit programs have not only made small loans available to the poor but also helped to enhance entrepreneurial behavior. Keywords: Microcredit programs, participants’ entrepreneurial intention, participants’ entrepreneurial behavior theory of planned behavior (TPB)

How entrepreneurial learning impacts one’s intention towards entrepreneurship

Chinese Management Studies ◽

10.1108/cms-06-2018-0556 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 146-170 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Feng Zhang ◽

Liqun Wei ◽

Hongyi Sun ◽

Lo Choi Tung

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Control ◽

Subjective Norm ◽

Mediating Effect ◽

Entrepreneurial Learning ◽

Content Type ◽

Effect Model

Purpose Although entrepreneurial learning is widely believed as an important factor in shaping one’s entrepreneurial intention, research finds little consistent results on the direct effect of entrepreneurial learning on one’s entrepreneurial intention. To solve the conflicted effects of entrepreneurial learning, the purpose of this paper is to explore how entrepreneurial learning may impact individual entrepreneurial intention. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on the theory of planned behavior (TPB), the authors proposed and tested on a three mediating effect model, in which entrepreneurial learning is associated with entrepreneurial intention through attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control toward entrepreneurship. Moreover, the moderating role of prior exposure to entrepreneurship was proposed and tested. Based on a sample of 200 university students who have taken entrepreneurial courses in Hong Kong, the hierarchical regressions and moderated mediation tests were used to test the hypotheses. Findings The authors find that the positive relationship between entrepreneurial learning and entrepreneurial intention is significantly mediated by attitude, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control toward entrepreneurship; and the mediating effects of entrepreneurial learning on entrepreneurial intention via attitudes and perceived behavioral control respectively, is moderated by exposure to entrepreneurship. Originality/value Contributing to the literature of entrepreneurship education, this study identifies individuals who exposed to the same entrepreneurship education may perform differently in entrepreneurial learning. The findings also help us to better understand the mechanism through which and under which context one’s entrepreneurial learning may enhance his/her entrepreneurial intention.

Application of Entrepreneurial Intention Model in Comparative International Entrepreneurship Research: A Cross-Cultural Study of India and Saudi Arabia

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su132313369 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (23) ◽

pp. 13369

Author(s):

Najmul Hoda ◽

Naim Ahmad ◽

Shankar Lal Gupta ◽

Mohammad Mahtab Alam ◽

Irfan Ahmad

Keyword(s):

Saudi Arabia ◽

Role Model ◽

International Entrepreneurship ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Subjective Norm ◽

Multigroup Analysis ◽

Personal Attitude ◽

The Individual

The development of entrepreneurial activities helps in realization of multiple goals of sustainable development. This study aims to inspect the applicability of the entrepreneurial intention model (EIM) to explain entrepreneurial intention in different cultural contexts. A survey was conducted using the Entrepreneurial Intention Questionnaire. Based on 535 valid responses received from business students in India (N = 285) and Saudi Arabia (N = 250), the model was analyzed using the partial least square regression method. The results show that the EIM is validated for the combined sample (R2combined = 0.522) as well as for the individual samples (R2India = 0.644; R2Saudi = 0.412). Demographic variables and human capital variables were found to impact the entrepreneurial intention differently in the combined sample and the individual samples of the two countries. Multigroup analysis was performed to test if the country variable influences the hypothesized paths in the model. The results of the multigroup analysis show that many of the hypothesized relationships (gender-personal attitude; gender-subjective norm; gender-perceived behavioral control, role model-subjective norm, role model-perceived behavioral control, subjective norm-personal attitude, and subjective norm-entrepreneurial intention) are significantly different in the two countries. This study addresses the gap in comparative international entrepreneurship (CIE) research by testing the applicability of EIM in two different cultures. The findings are also significant for policymakers at both national and international levels for facilitating entrepreneurship.

THE IMPACT OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP EDUCATION TO ENTREPRENEUR INTENTION THROUGH PLANNED BEHAVIOUR AS INTERVENING VARIABLE (Study in Brawijaya University Students Have Partcipation the Entrepreneurship Education for 2016 study programs)

The International Journal of Accounting and Business Society ◽

10.21776/ub.ijabs.2019.27.3.7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 137-156

Author(s):

Aufa Baihaqi ◽

Zainul Arifin ◽

M. Kholid Mawardi

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Control ◽

Control Variable ◽

Subjective Norm ◽

Education Programs ◽

Planned Behaviour ◽

The Impact ◽

Positive Effect

Although many researchers have focused on entrepreneurship education, little research has been done into the effects for students and the overall effectiveness of the university for entrepreneurship education programs in Indonesia. The research focused using theory of planned behavior and investigates the impact of entrepreneurship programs on the entrepreneur intention students in Brawijaya University. Data for this study is drawn from 9 faculty in Brawijaya University. Sample used in this research have 382 student 2016 period. The results show that participants of entrepreneurship education programs in brawijaya university have a positive effect on atitude toward entrepreneurship, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control. Variable atitude toward entrepreneurship, subjective norm and perceived behavioral control have a positive effect to entrepreneurial intention. Furthermore, the findings of this report entrepreneurship education to entrepreneur intention have a positive effect and significant through planned behaviour as intevening variable in Brawijaya University student 2016 period

The influence of theory of planned behavior and entrepreneurship education towards entrepreneurial intention

Journal of Economics Business and Accountancy Ventura ◽

10.14414/jebav.v17i3.360 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 385 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sri Palupi Prabandari ◽

Puput Ichwatus Sholihah

Keyword(s):

Theory Of Planned Behavior ◽

Planned Behavior ◽

Graduate School ◽

Indirect Effect ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Entrepreneurial Spirit

This present study tries to raise the issue regarding the factors that influence the entrepreneurial spirit of the students of Graduate School. Regarding the finding on the indirect effect of Theory of Planned Behavior on the entrepreneurship through entrepreneurship education, it can be explained that the indirect influence on two variables is as follows: attitude toward entrepreneurship and perceived behavioral control indicates that by stimulating students motivation to join entrepreneurship education as outlined previously, students are expected to have entrepreneurial intentions. In addition, entrepreneurship education should be able to prepare students to become entrepreneurs, provide support facilities to start a business, and lecturers must be able to guide the students to become entrepreneurs.

The Impact of Gender on Entrepreneurial Intention in a Peripheral Region of Europe: A Multigroup Analysis

Social Sciences ◽

10.3390/socsci10110415 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (11) ◽

pp. 415

Author(s):

Sofia Gomes ◽

João M. Lopes ◽

José Oliveira ◽

Márcio Oliveira ◽

Tânia Santos ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Norms ◽

Positive Impact ◽

Behavioral Control ◽

Peripheral Region ◽

Personal Attitude ◽

The One ◽

The Impact

The last two decades were characterized by an increase in attention on entrepreneurship. An emerging trend in the literature is associated with the different contributions that genders may have regarding entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial intentions. This paper assesses gender impact on entrepreneurial intention in a peripheral region of Europe. The methodology used is quantitative and based on a sample of 1114 observations. The obtained results suggest that women’s perceived behavioral control does not have a less direct positive impact on entrepreneurial intention when compared to men’s. Women’s personal attitude has a less direct positive impact on entrepreneurial intention when compared to men’s, as social norms, on the one hand, have a less direct positive impact on women’s personal attitude when compared to men’s, and, on the other hand, have a less direct positive impact on women’s perceived behavioral control when compared to men’s. Finally, it was also verified that social norms have a less positive indirect impact through personal attitude and perceived behavioral control on women’s entrepreneurial intention when compared to men’s. These findings contribute to enlighten the literature by strengthening the theoretical framework on women’s entrepreneurial intention in peripheral regions. Regarding practical contributions, suggestions are addressed to public decision makers, universities, and civil society, to adopt practices to increase entrepreneurship in women. This research is original because it is the first to perform this study in Portugal, a peripheral region of Europe.

Pengaruh Personal Attitude, Subjective Norm, dan Perceived Behavioral Control terhadap Entrepreneurial Intention

Jurnal Manajerial Dan Kewirausahaan ◽

10.24912/jmk.v2i3.9577 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 653

Author(s):

Alfian Loria ◽

Rodhiah Rodhiah

Keyword(s):

Behavioral Control ◽

Sampling Technique ◽

Subjective Norm ◽

Survey Method ◽

Probability Sampling ◽

Personal Attitude ◽

Convenience Sampling ◽

Level Of Significance

This study aims to determine the effect of Personal attitude, subjective norm, dan perceived behavioral control toward entrepreneurial intention. This study uses a quantitative method in which data collected by researchers uses a survey method with the "google form" platform of 80 respondents who are students of the Faculty of Economics and Business, management major at Tarumanagara University (FEB-UNTAR). Furthermore, there are three hypotheses that will be tested by calculating Likert scale data using PLS-SEM. Researcher using non-probability sampling technique with a convenience sampling approach. The data analysis method used by researchers is PLS-SEM which is calculated through the SmartPLS 3 software with bootstrapping method to measure the level of significance. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant positive effect on Personal attitude, subjective norm, dan perceived behavioral control toward entrepreneurial intention. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Personal attitude, subjective norm, dan perceived behavioral control terhadap entrepreneurial intention. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif di mana data yang dikumpulkan oleh peneliti menggunakan metode survei dengan platform “google form” terhadap 80 responden yang merupakan mahasiswa Fakultas Ekonomi dan Bisnis Universitas Tarumanagara (FEB-UNTAR), Jurusan Manajemen. Selanjutnya terdapat tiga hipotesis yang akan diuji dengan cara mengkalkulasi data berskala Likert dengan menggunakan PLS-SEM. Pengambilan sampel dilakukan dengan teknik non-probability sampling dengan pendekatan convenience sampling. Metode analisis data yang digunakan oleh peneliti adalah PLS-SEM yang dikalkulasi melalui perangkat lunak SmartPLS 3 dengan metode bootstrapping untuk mengukur tingkat signifikansinya. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh positif yang signifikan personal attitude, subjective norm, dan perceived behavioral control terhadap entrepreneurial intention.