scholarly journals Electrospun Nanofibers and their Application in Tissue Repair and Engineering

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sareh Arjmand ◽  
Alireza Partovi Baghdadeh ◽  
Amin Hamidi ◽  
Seyed Omid Ranaei Siadat
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Dimensional Structure ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Tissue Engineering Application ◽  
Effective Parameters

Introduction: Tissue engineering is the repair and replacement of damaged tissues and requires a combination of cells, growth factor and porous scaffolds. Scaffolds, as one of the main components in tissue engineering, are used as a template for tissue regeneration and induction and guidance of growth of the new and biologically active tissues. An ideal scaffold in tissue engineering, imitating an extracellular matrix, provides a suitable environment for adhesion, growth and cell proliferation. Scaffolds have also been used as the carriers for the controlled delivery of drugs and proteins. Variety of porous scaffolds, fabricated from biological and synthetic materials and using different manufacturing methods, have been introduced. Among them nanofibrous scaffolds have attracted great attention due to remarkable advantages including the highly porous three-dimensional structure with interconnected cavities which enable the transportation of food and waste materials, as well as high surface to volume ratio. So far, different methods and techniques have been introduced for production of scaffolds with structures similar to the extracellular matrix. Amongst them electrospinning, due to easiness and more control over effective parameters, are preferred. The present study make a review about the used materials and various methods of nanofibrous scaffold fabrication using electrospinning technology, with emphasis on the use of tissue engineering application. It also discussed about the progress and challenges ahead and the goals and perspective presented for this approach.

scholarly journals Polymeric Scaffolds in Tissue Engineering Application: A Review

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brahatheeswaran Dhandayuthapani ◽  
Yasuhiko Yoshida ◽  
Toru Maekawa ◽  
D. Sakthi Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Tissue Engineering Application ◽  
Tissue Engineering Scaffolds ◽  
Matrix Deposition ◽  
Bioactive Agents ◽  
Regenerate Tissue

Current strategies of regenerative medicine are focused on the restoration of pathologically altered tissue architectures by transplantation of cells in combination with supportive scaffolds and biomolecules. In recent years, considerable interest has been given to biologically active scaffolds which are based on similar analogs of the extracellular matrix that have induced synthesis of tissues and organs. To restore function or regenerate tissue, a scaffold is necessary that will act as a temporary matrix for cell proliferation and extracellular matrix deposition, with subsequent ingrowth until the tissues are totally restored or regenerated. Scaffolds have been used for tissue engineering such as bone, cartilage, ligament, skin, vascular tissues, neural tissues, and skeletal muscle and as vehicle for the controlled delivery of drugs, proteins, and DNA. Various technologies come together to construct porous scaffolds to regenerate the tissues/organs and also for controlled and targeted release of bioactive agents in tissue engineering applications. In this paper, an overview of the different types of scaffolds with their material properties is discussed. The fabrication technologies for tissue engineering scaffolds, including the basic and conventional techniques to the more recent ones, are tabulated.

Role of Block Copolymers in Tissue Engineering Applications

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Sairish Malik ◽  
Subramanian Sundarrajan ◽  
Tanveer Hussain ◽  
Ahsan Nazir ◽  
Seeram Ramakrishna
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Block Copolymers ◽  
Microphase Separation ◽  
High Surface ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Tissue Engineering Application ◽  
Electrospinning Technique ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
Broad Variety

Research on synthesis, characterization, and understanding of novel properties of nanomaterials has led researchers to exploit their potential applications. When compared to other nanotechnologies described in the literature, electrospinning has received significant interest due to its ability to synthesize novel nanostructures (such as nanofibers, nanorods, nanotubes, etc.) with distinctive properties such as high surface-to-volume ratio, porosity, various morphologies such as fibers, tubes, ribbons, mesoporous and coated structures, and so on. Various materials such as polymers, ceramics, and composites have been fabricated using the electrospinning technique. Among them, polymers, especially block copolymers, are one of the useful and niche systems studied recently owing to their unique and fascinating properties in both solution and solid state due to thermodynamic incompatibility of the blocks, that results in microphase separation. Morphology and mechanical properties of electrospun block copolymers are intensely influenced by quantity and length of soft and hard segments. They are one of the best studied systems to fit numerous applications due to a broad variety of properties they display upon varying the composition ratio and molecular weight of blocks. In this review, the synthesis, fundamentals, electrospinning, and tissue engineering application of block copolymers are highlighted.

scholarly journals Electrospun fibers in regenerative tissue engineering and drug delivery

2017 ◽  
Vol 89 (12) ◽  
pp. 1799-1808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakthivel Nagarajan ◽  
Céline Pochat-Bohatier ◽  
Sébastien Balme ◽  
Philippe Miele ◽  
S. Narayana Kalkura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Stem Cell ◽  
Cell Attachment ◽  
High Surface ◽  
High Surface Area ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Volume Ratio ◽  
Stem Cell Differentiation ◽  
Electrospun Fibers ◽  
Tissue Engineering Application

AbstractElectrospinning is a versatile technique to produce micron or nano sized fibers using synthetic or bio polymers. The unique structural characteristic of the electrospun mats (ESM) which mimics extracellular matrix (ECM) found influential in regenerative tissue engineering application. ESM with different morphologies or ESM functionalizing with specific growth factors creates a favorable microenvironment for the stem cell attachment, proliferation and differentiation. Fiber size, alignment and mechanical properties affect also the cell adhesion and gene expression. Hence, the effect of ESM physical properties on stem cell differentiation for neural, bone, cartilage, ocular and heart tissue regeneration will be reviewed and summarized. Electrospun fibers having high surface area to volume ratio present several advantages for drug/biomolecule delivery. Indeed, controlling the release of drugs/biomolecules is essential for sustained delivery application. Various possibilities to control the release of hydrophilic or hydrophobic drug from the ESM and different electrospinning methods such as emulsion electrospinning and coaxial electrospinning for drug/biomolecule loading are summarized in this review.

Super-Critical-CO2 De-ECM Process

MRS Advances ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (40) ◽  
pp. 2391-2397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Cho ◽  
Seungwon Chung ◽  
Jaeseok Eo ◽  
Namsoo P. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
The Body ◽  
Host Responses ◽  
Tissue Engineering Application ◽  
Decellularized Extracellular Matrix ◽  
Tissue Repair And Regeneration ◽  
High Degree

ABSTRACTExtracellular Matrix (ECM), a natural biomaterials, have recently garnered attention in tissue engineering for their high degree of cell proliferative capacity, biocompatibility, biodegradability, and tenability in the body. Decellularization process offers a unique approach for fabricating ECM-based natural scaffold for tissue engineering application by removing intracellular contents in a tissue that could cause any adverse host responses. The effects of Supercritical carbon dioxide (Sc-CO2) treatment on the histological and biochemical properties of the decellularized extracellular matrix (de-ECM) were evaluated and compared with de-ECM from conventional decellularization process to see if it offers significantly reduced treatment times, complete decellularization, and well preserved extracellular matrix structure. The study has shown that a novel method of using supercritical fluid extraction system indeed removed all unnecessary residues and only leaving ECM. The potential of Sc-CO2 de-ECM progressed as a promising approach in tissue repair and regeneration.

Effects of Hydroxyapatite/Silk Fibroin/Chitosan Ratio on Physical Properties of Scaffold for Tissue Engineering Application

2016 ◽  
Vol 872 ◽  
pp. 261-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wassanai Wattanutchariya ◽  
Atitaya Oonjai ◽  
Kittiya Thunsiri
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Engineering ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Silk Fibroin ◽  
Engineering Application ◽  
Porous Scaffolds ◽  
Tissue Engineering Application ◽  
Pass Through ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Interconnected Pore

This study reports the effects of the mixing ratio of hydroxyapatite (HA), silk fibroin (SF) and chitosan (CS) on the physical properties of the scaffold used in tissue engineering. Experimental design based on mixture design was implemented to investigate the degradation rate of the scaffolds fabricated from various ratios of those biomaterials. Furthermore, pore morphology and pore size were evaluated to confirm the compatibility of the scaffold topography for cell growth and adhesion. The results from the study showed that all ratios, except pure HA solution, can be fabricated into porous scaffolds with an interconnected pore structure and appropriate pore sizes to allow all types of human cells to pass through. Furthermore, the scaffold solutions with high CS ratio resulted in a uniform pore structure and lower rates of biodegradation. Therefore, CS is recommended as the main structure because it provides the highest resistance to biodegradation. The scaffolds from various ratios may be applied for different tissue replacements in the near future.

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