scholarly journals Modeling NOx, CO, SO2 and PM emissions from Sabzevar cement plant using SCREEN3 software

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
SS Keykhosravi ◽  
F Nejadkoorki ◽  
Amin Toosi
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Sampling Period ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Cement Factory ◽  
Clean Air

Introduction: Nowadays, the cement industry is regarded as one of the most important air pollution industries globally. This study aimed to simulate the emission of NOx, CO, SO2, and PM pollutants caused by the Sabzevar Cement Factory chimney by SCREEN3 software.  Materials and Methods: In this study, the SCREEN3 software was employed for the distribution of NOx, CO, SO2, and PM pollutants. The inputs of the model include the concentration and emission of pollutant gases, physical factors associated with the cement factory chimney, wind speed and direction, ambient temperature, and stability classes.  Results: The results of this study indicated that the maximum concentrations of NOx, CO, SO2, and PM by the SCREEN3 software occurred in unstable weather conditions (B) and wind speed of 5 m.s. The highest concentrations of NOx, CO, and PM (use of gas) were at a distance of 1400 meters from the factory chimney with the rates of 0.9, 0.32, 6.2 μg.m³, respectively. Moreover, the highest concentrations of NOx, CO, SO2, and PM (using fuel oil) were predicted at a distance of 1100 m from the factory chimney with 19.5, 360, 9, and 7.9 μg.m³, respectively. A comparison of the obtained results with the standard of the Environmental Protection Agency of Iran (EPA) revealed that the concentrations of NOx, CO, SO2, and PM were not higher than the standards.  Conclusion: The comparison of results with EPA standard and Iranian clean air standard showed that NOX, CO, SO2, and PM concentrations were not higher than standards during the sampling period.

scholarly journals An Evaluation of a Diagnostic Wind Model (CALMET)

2008 ◽  
Vol 47 (6) ◽  
pp. 1739-1756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weiguo Wang ◽  
William J. Shaw ◽  
Timothy E. Seiple ◽  
Jeremy P. Rishel ◽  
Yulong Xie
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Spatial Variability ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Mesoscale Model ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Lake Breeze ◽  
Wind Model ◽  
Meteorological Model ◽  
Front Position ◽  
Relative Differences

Abstract A U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)-approved diagnostic wind model [California Meteorological Model (CALMET)] was evaluated during a typical lake-breeze event under fair weather conditions in the Chicago region. The authors focused on the performance of CALMET in terms of simulating winds that were highly variable in space and time. The reference winds were generated by the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5) assimilating system, with which CALMET results were compared. Statistical evaluations were conducted to quantify overall model differences in wind speed and direction over the domain. Below 850 m above the surface, relative differences in (layer averaged) wind speed were about 25%–40% during the simulation period; wind direction differences generally ranged from 6° to 20°. Above 850 m, the differences became larger because of the limited number of upper-air stations near the studied domain. Analyses implied that model differences were dependent on time because of time-dependent spatial variability in winds. Trajectory analyses were made to examine the likely spatial dependence of CALMET deviations from the reference winds within the domain. These analyses suggest that the quality of CALMET winds in local areas depended on their proximity to the lake-breeze front position. Large deviations usually occurred near the front area, where observations cannot resolve the spatial variability of wind, or in the fringe of the domain, where observations are lacking. Results simulated using different datasets and model options were also compared. Differences between CALMET and the reference winds tended to be reduced with data sampled from more stations or from more uniformly distributed stations. Suggestions are offered for further improving or interpreting CALMET results under complex wind conditions in the Chicago region, which may also apply to other regions.

scholarly journals Study the Concentration of SO2 Emitted From Daura Refinery by Using Screen View Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Ramiz M. Shubbar ◽  
Abthal Jihad Suadi ◽  
Monim H. Al-Jiboori
Keyword(s):  
Wind Speed ◽  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Atmospheric Stability ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Point Sources ◽  
Oil Refinery ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Buoyant Force ◽  
Surrounding Atmosphere

In this study, the concentrations of sulfur dioxide (SO2) were emitted from the Daura oil refinery units and their effect on the surrounding areas of the refinery were investigated, and also, study the atmospheric stability effective by using the Screen View model, and check the effect of the wind speed and direction on the spread of pollutants. As indicated during this study, the physical factors of the sources of pollution, such as the height of the chimney, its diameter and the surrounding environmental conditions, contributed to the increase in the concentration of contaminants. It was generally observed that the concentration of SO2 increased by increasing the rates of airflow and ambient temperature. This work was prove the influences of weather conditions in the transmission and spread of pollutants such as wind speed, wind direction, atmospheric stability and ambient temperature, but the effect of ambient air temperature was lower than others variables. When the distance increases between the plume and the source of pollution, a heat exchange takes place with the surrounding atmosphere, the difference between the temperature of the emitted gas and the surrounding atmosphere decreases and the buoyant force increases. This leads to a lack of vertical movement that disperses the contaminants. In addition, the concentration of the pollutants decreases with the distance increases from the source of the pollution. In the present work, emission rate of SO2, and stack gas exit velocity calculated for all stacks (point sources) of the twelve production units during August 2013, and February 2014 by using the actual amounts of fuel consumed in Daura refinery in this period.

Statistical Analysis of Weather Effects on PM2.5

2012 ◽  
Vol 610-613 ◽  
pp. 1033-1040
Author(s):  
Wei Dai ◽  
Jia Qi Gao ◽  
Bo Wang ◽  
Feng Ouyang
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Statistical Methods ◽  
Predictive Analytics ◽  
Hypothesis Test ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Statistical Distribution ◽  
Weather Effects

Effects of weather conditions including temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, wind and direction on PM2.5 were studied using statistical methods. PM2.5 samples were collected during the summer and the winter in a suburb of Shenzhen. Then, correlations, hypothesis test and statistical distribution of PM2.5 and meteorological data were analyzed with IBM SPSS predictive analytics software. Seasonal and daily variations of PM2.5 have been found and these mainly resulted from the weather effects.

Valuing Clean Air

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles Halvorson
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Protection ◽  
Environmental Protection Agency ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Clean Air Act ◽  
Responsibility To Protect ◽  
Elected Officials ◽  
Liberal State ◽  
Monetary Approach ◽  
Clean Air ◽  
Roll Back

The passage of the Clean Air Act and the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) in 1970 marked a sweeping transformation in American politics. In a few short years, the environmental movement pushed Republican and Democratic elected officials to articulate a right to clean air as part of a bevy of new federal guarantees. Charged with delivering on those promises, the EPA represented a bold assertion that the federal government had a responsibility to protect the environment, the authority to command private business to reduce their pollution, and the capacity to dictate how they did so. But revolutions are always contested and the starburst of environmental concern that propelled the Clean Air Act and the EPA coincided with economic convulsions that shook the liberal state to its core. As powerful businesses pressed to roll back regulations, elected officials from both parties questioned whether the nation could keep its environmental promises. Pushing on, the EPA adopted a monetized approach to environmental value that sat at odds with environmentalist notions of natural rights but provided a critical shield for the agency’s rulemaking, as environmental protection came to serve as a key battleground in larger debates over markets, government, and public welfare. The EPA’s success and the potential limits of its monetary approach are evident in the very air we breathe today—far cleaner and healthier as a result of the EPA’s actions, but holding new threats in a rapidly changing climate.

Physical Factors Associated With Fatigue After Stroke: An Exploratory Study

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 369-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi Lan Nguyen Hoang ◽  
Jean-Yves Salle ◽  
Stéphane Mandigout ◽  
Julia Hamonet ◽  
Francisco Macian-Montoro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Exploratory Study ◽  
Physical Factors ◽  
Factors Associated

scholarly journals Measurement report: Effect of wind shear on PM<sub>10</sub> concentration vertical structure in urban boundary layer in a complex terrain

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Sekuła ◽  
Anita Bokwa ◽  
Jakub Bartyzel ◽  
Bogdan Bochenek ◽  
Łukasz Chmura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Vertical Profile ◽  
Wind Shear ◽  
Transitional Zone ◽  
Model Data ◽  
Profile Modification ◽  
Low Wind Speed ◽  
Clean Air

Abstract. The paper shows wind shear impact on PM10 vertical profiles, in Kraków, southern Poland. The data used consist of background data for two cold seasons (Sep. 2018 to Apr. 2019, and Sep. 2019 to Apr. 2020), and data for several case studies from November 2019 to March 2020. The data is composed of PM10 measurements, model data, and wind speed and direction data. The background model data come from operational forecast results of AROME model. PM10 concentration in the vertical profile was measured with a sightseeing balloon. Significant spatial variability of wind field was found. The case studies represent the conditions with much lower wind speed and a much higher PM10 levels than the seasonal average. The inversions were much more frequent than on average, too. Wind shear turned out to be the most important factor in terms of PM10 vertical profile modification. It is generated due to the relief impact, i.e. the presence of a large valley, blocked on one side with the hills. The analysis of PM10 profiles from all flights allows to distinguish three vertical zones of potential air pollution hazard within the valley (about 100 m deep) and the city of Kraków: 1. up to about 60 m a.g.l. – the zone where during periods of low wind speed, air pollution is potentially the highest and the duration of such high levels is the longest, i.e. the zone with the worst aerosanitary conditions; 2. about 60–100 m a.g.l. – transitional zone where the large decrease of PM10 levels with height is observed; 3. above 100–120 m a.g.l. – the zone where air quality is significantly better than in the zone 1, either due to the increase of the wind speed, or due to the wind direction change and advection of different, clean air masses.

scholarly journals MASSIVE USE OF BERM RELOCATION AND SURFWASHING DURING THE 2006 JYEH OIL SPILL (LEBANON): THE ACCURATE RESPONSE FOR BEACHES CLEANUP

2008 ◽  
Vol 2008 (1) ◽  
pp. 331-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bernard Fichaut ◽  
Bahr Loubnan
Keyword(s):  
Surf Zone ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Fuel Oil ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Power Station ◽  
Heavy Fuel Oil ◽  
Sediment Removal ◽  
Calm Weather ◽  
Oily Waste

ABSTRACT Following the bombardment of the Jyeh power station in Lebanon on July 16 2006, about 10 to 15000 tons of heavy fuel oil drifted 150 km northward all the way to the Syrian border. Because of the continuing war, the cleanup operations could not start until early September. The response consisted of conceptually dividing the coast line into several sectors managed by various operators; from Jyeh to Beyrouth, a 34.5 km stretch of shoreline, the treatment of beaches was assigned to the lebanese N.G.O “Bahr Loubnan’. In this area, 5.3 km of sandy and gravel beaches appeared to be heavily oiled on a width that seldomly exceeded 10 m. Oil was found buried down to a depth of 1.8 m at several locations. Additionnally oil was also found sunken in shallow waters in the breaker zones of numerous beaches. In order to minimize sediment removal and production of oily waste to be treated, it was decided to operate massive treatmenN in situ. After manual recovery of stranded oil, about 12,000 m of sediment including 1,000 m of cobbles have been relocated in the surf zone. Despite the lack of tides and of the generally calm weather conditions, surfwashing was very efficient due mainly to the fact that, in non tidal conditions, sediments are continuously reworked by wave açtion which operates at the same level on the beaches. Only 540 m of heavily oiled sand, was removed from beaches and submitted for further treatment. The lack of appropriate sorbents material in Lebanon to capture the floating oil released by surfwahing was also a challenge. This was addressed by using locally Nmanufactured sorbents, which proved to be very efficient and 60 m of sorbent soaked with oil were produced during the cleanup.

scholarly journals Emission estimates and air quality impacts from the use of alternative fuels by the Titan cement factory in Thessaloniki

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-224
Keyword(s):  
Alternative Fuels ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Alternative Fuel ◽  
Cement Industry ◽  
Partial Replacement ◽  
Limit Values ◽  
Cement Factory ◽  
Pollution Levels ◽  
Fuel Substitution ◽  
The Impact

Cement production is an energy-intensive process. Utilisation of fossil fuels is common practice in the cement industry around the world. Alternative fuel substitution rates increase every year. More specifically, 18 % of the fuel used by the European cement industry in 2006 consists of alternative fuels. This study aims to investigate the prospects for the partial replacement of conventional fossil fuels currently used in the TITAN cement factory in Thessaloniki, Greece, with alternative fuels, focusing on the impact of alternative fuel use on the emissions of air pollutants from co-incineration operations. Air emissions were estimated for both the conventional fuel and mixtures of conventional fuel with alternative fuels, based on emission factors found in the literature but also using the measurements conducted by TITAN in 2010. Emission estimates indicate that legislative limit values for all pollutants are not exceeded. Based on the emission estimates and measurements in the flue gas, the dispersion of the plume around the factory has been described with an appropriate numerical simulation model. Results suggest that the factory’s contribution to the air pollution levels in the surrounding area is very low for most regulated pollutants.

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