scholarly journals ADUBAÇÃO NITROGENADA NA SEVERIDADE DE DOENÇAS FOLIARES, PRODUTIVIDADE E RESPOSTAS BIOQUÍMICAS EM HÍBRIDOS DE MILHO

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
JAÍZA FRANCISCA RIBEIRO CHAGAS ◽  
GIL RODRIGUES DOS SANTOS ◽  
RODRIGO VERAS DA COSTA ◽  
JOHNATHAN FONTES ALVES ◽  
ILDON RODRIGUES DO NASCIMENTO
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Biochemical Responses ◽  
Progress Curve ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
High Doses

RESUMO – O nitrogênio participa de muitos processos metabólicos relacionados aos mecanismos de defesa das plantas, podendo além de beneficiar diretamente a produtividade, auxiliar na tolerância a doenças. Objetivou-se avaliar o efeito da adubação nitrogenada de cobertura na severidade de doenças foliares, na produtividade e nas respostas bioquímicas em híbridos de milho. Dois experimentos foram conduzidos em campo, com delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados, com tratamentos dispostos em arranjo de parcelas subdivididas, com três repetições. As parcelas foram constituídas pelos híbridos e as subparcelas, pelas doses de nitrogênio. Determinou-se a área abaixo da curva de progresso da doença (AACPD), a massa de mil grãos (g), a produtividade em kg ha-1, os teores das enzimas superóxido dismutase (SOD) e catalase (CAT), o aminoácido prolina e os aminoácidos solúveis totais. A maioria dos híbridos avaliados apresentaram resposta a mancha-de-bipolaris e a antracnose-foliar mais severa nas menores doses de nitrogênio testadas (36 e 40 kg ha-1). A ferrugem-polissora foi mais severa em condições de alto nitrogênio para os híbridos ATTACK, TRAKTOR, BM 2202 e 30F53YH. A massa de mil grãos não foi influenciada pelas diferenças nas doses. A produtividade dos híbridos 2B710 e 3H842 foi maior na dose de 180 kg ha-1. A catalase e a prolina alcançaram maior e menor atividade, respectivamente, onde ocorreu maior severidade da mancha-de-bipolaris nos híbridos 2B710 e AG7088PROX. Os aminoácidos foram encontrados em maiores quantidades nas doses altas de nitrogênio. Palavras-chave: Zea mays, nutrição, nitrogênio, patógeno, mecanismos de defesa. NITROGEN FERTILIZATION IN LEAF DISEASE SEVERITY, PRODUCTIVITY AND BIOCHEMICAL RESPONSES IN MAIZE HYBRIDS ABSTRACT - Nitrogen participates in many metabolic processes related to the defense mechanisms of plants, besides being able directly to benefit the productivity, to aid in the tolerance to diseases. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of nitrogen fertilization on the severity of leaf diseases, productivity and biochemical responses in maize hybrids. Two experiments were conducted in the field, with a randomized complete block design, with treatments arranged in split plot arrangement, and three replications. The plots were composed of the hybrids and the subplots by the nitrogen doses. The area under the disease progress curve (AACPD), one thousand grain mass (g), yield in kg ha-1, levels of the enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), the amino acid proline and the total soluble amino acids were determined. Most of the evaluated hybrids showed a more severe bipolaris spot and foliar anthracnose response at the lowest nitrogen doses tested (36 and 40 kg ha-1). Polissora rust was more severe under high nitrogen conditions for the hybrids ATTACK, TRAKTOR, BM 2202 and 30F53YH. The mass of one thousand grains was not influenced by the differences in the doses. The productivity of the hybrids 2B710 and 3H842 was higher at the dose of 180 kg ha-1. Catalase and proline reached higher and lower activity, respectively, where the highest severity of the bipolaris spot occurred in hybrids 2B710 and AG7088PROX. Amino acids were found in higher amounts at high doses of nitrogen. Keywords: Zea mays, nutrition, nitrogen, pathogen, defense mechanisms.

scholarly journals Yield Stability Analysis of Maize (Zea mays L.) Hybrids Using Parametric and AMMI Methods

Scientifica ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Seyed Habib Shojaei ◽  
Khodadad Mostafavi ◽  
Ali Omrani ◽  
Saeed Omrani ◽  
Seyed Mohammad Nasir Mousavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Stability Parameters ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Ammi Analysis ◽  
The Stability

The present study investigated the stability and adaptability of maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids. In this study, 12 maize hybrids were planted and examined considering the grain yield. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with three replications in four research stations in Iran during two crop years. The combined analysis of variance showed that genotype-environment interactions were significant at one percent probability level. The grain yield can stabilize, and hybrids with specific adaptability are recommended to each environment. Hybrids with specific adaptability can be recommended to all types of the environment. Means comparison yield of the genotypes identified DC370 as a high-yield genotype. Regarding AMMI analysis, genotype × environment interactions (GEIs) and two first components were found significant. The SC647 genotype was identified as the most stable genotype. Regarding the stability parameters, SC647 and KSC705 genotypes were selected as the most stable genotypes. From AMMI1 and AMMI2 graphs, the SC647 genotype was identified as the most stable genotype compared with other hybrids.

scholarly journals CONTROLE QUÍMICO DE MILHO RESISTENTE AO GLYPHOSATE PROVENIENTE DE DIFERENTES HÍBRIDOS

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 535
Author(s):  
LUCAS BRAGA PEREIRA BRAZ ◽  
GUILHERME BRAGA PEREIRA BRAZ ◽  
SERGIO DE OLIVEIRA PROCÓPIO ◽  
ALESSANDRO GUERRA DA SILVA ◽  
ANTONIO JOAQUIM BRAGA PEREIRA BRAZ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Chemical Control ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Chemical Management ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Main Plot ◽  
Corn Plants

 RESUMO – As plantas voluntárias de milho podem causar perdas quando em convivência com outras culturas, tornando-se necessário proceder seu controle. Neste sentido, diferentes estratégias podem ser utilizadas, destacando-se o manejo químico. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar a suscetibilidade de híbridos de milho RR® ao controle químico com aplicação de herbicidas em pós-emergência. O experimento foi conduzido em campo, utilizando-se o delineamento de blocos casualizados, em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. Na parcela principal foram avaliados oito tratamentos compostos pela aplicação de clethodim + glyphosate, quizalofop-p-ethyl + glyphosate, clodinafop + glyphosate, imazethapyr + glyphosate, [imazamox + bentazon] + glyphosate, cloransulan + glyphosate, glyphosate e testemunha sem aplicação. Nas subparcelas foram semeados nove híbridos de milho RR®. Tratamentos contendo [imazamox + bentazon] ou cloransulan não foram eficientes no controle de plantas de milho RR® em estádio V6. O imazethapyr associado ao glyphosate foi eficiente no controle de plantas de milho dos híbridos DKB390, SYN7025 e CD384, os quais mostram maior suscetibilidade a esse herbicida em comparação aos demais híbridos. Plantas provenientes de todos os híbridos avaliados, no estádio V6, podem ser totalmente controladas com a aplicação dos herbicidas quizalofop-p-ethyl, clodinafop e clethodim, contudo, clethodim apresentou ação mais lenta.Palavras-chave: herbicidas, plantas voluntárias, pós-emergência, Zea mays. CHEMICAL CONTROL IN DIFFERENT GLYPHOSATE RESISTANT MAIZE HYBRIDS  ABSTRACT – Volunteer corn plants can cause high losses when in coexistence with other crops, making necessary its control. In this sense, different strategies can be used, emphasizing the chemical management. The objective of this work was to evaluate the susceptibility of RR® corn hybrids to chemical control with post-emergence herbicides. The experiment was carried out at field, using a randomized complete block design in a split plots scheme, with four replications. In the main plot, eight treatments were evaluated using clethodim + glyphosate, quizalofop-p-ethyl + glyphosate, clodinafop + glyphosate, imazethapyr + glyphosate, [imazamox + bentazon] + glyphosate, cloransulan + glyphosate, glyphosate, and a control without herbicide application. In the subplots, nine RR® corn hybrids were sown. Treatments with [imazamox + bentazon] and cloransulan were not efficient in the control of RR® corn plants at V6 stage. The imazethapyr treatment associated to glyphosate was efficient in controlling the corn hybrids DKB390, SYN7025, and CD384, which showed greater susceptibility to this herbicide compared to the other hybrids evaluated. Plants of all evaluated hybrids can be controlled at V6 with the application of quizalofop-p-ethyl, clodinafop, and clethodim, however, clethodim presented slower action.Keywords: herbicides, volunteer plants, post-emergence, Zea mays. 

DISTRIBUSI DAN IDENTIFIKASI POPULASI SINTRONG (Crossocephalum crepidiodes.Benth) RESISTEN PARAKUAT PADA LAHAN JAGUNG (Zea mays) DI KABUPATEN DAIRI

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 149-161
Author(s):  
Berton Sianturi
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dose Response ◽  
High Resistance ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Second Step ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Susceptible Populations

Crassocephalum crepidioides on Cornfields in Dairi Regency had been reported tobecome more difficult to control using paraquat. The objective of the research was todetermine the characteristics and the distribution of C.crepidioides resistant to paraquatin cornfields. The experiment was carried out in two steps, the first step was screeningthe population of C. crepidioides with paraquat at the recommended dose, and the secondstep, dose-response experiment for the resistance level of C. crepidioides population withdose 0, 76, 152, 304,5, 609, 1218, and 2436 g.ai /ha. In the first step experiment, paraquatdichloride was applied at 280 g.ai/ha. The treatments were arranged in a randomized blockdesign with 3 replication. The second step experiment was that the resistant populationsconfirmed in the first experiment were sprayed for their dose-response. The treatmentswere arranged in a randomized complete block design (CRBD). The results showed thatof 30 populations of C. crepidiodes, 19 populations (63.3%) were categorized to beresistant with the mortality ranging from 10.84% to 52.08%, and 11 populations (36.7%),was categorized as high resistance with mortality of 0% to 9.21%. The level ofresistance (R/S) of R-C25, R-C27, and R-C30 populations of C. crepidioides were 12,3,14,86, and 24,83 times consecutively, compared with the susceptible population. Thenumber of C. crepidioides chlorophyl leaves in susceptible populations was significantlylower than that of a resistant populations.

scholarly journals 170 Energy values and digestibility of amino acids in dried yeast and soybean meal fed to pigs

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 61-61
Author(s):  
Chan Sol Park ◽  
Ayodeji S Aderibigbe ◽  
Gary Hayen ◽  
Olayiwola Adeola
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Soybean Meal ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Sole Source ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Canola Meal ◽  
Ileal Digestibility ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Blocking Factors

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the digestible energy (DE), metabolizable energy (ME), and standardized ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in dried yeast (DY) and soybean meal (SBM) fed to pigs. In Exp. 1, 30 barrows with an initial body weight (BW) of 20.7 ± 1.01 were assigned to 5 diets in a randomized complete block design with period and BW as blocking factors. A basal diet was prepared to contain corn, canola meal, and soybean oil as energy-contributing ingredients. Four additional diets were prepared by adding 5 or 10 g/kg DY or SBM at the expense of energy-contributing ingredients in the basal diet to estimate the DE and ME in test ingredients by regression analysis. On a dry matter basis, estimated DE and ME in DY were 4,022 and 3,352 kcal/kg, respectively, and those in SBM were 3,876 and 3,601kcal/kg, respectively. There was no difference in estimated DE or ME between DY and SBM. In Exp. 2, 21 barrows (initial BW = 20.0 ± 1.31 kg) surgically fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum were assigned to 3 diets in a randomized complete block design with BW as a blocking factor. Two diets were prepared to contain DY or SBM as the sole source of nitrogen, and a nitrogen-free diet was prepared to determine the basal ileal endogenous losses of AA. The SID of AA, except for Gly and Pro, in SBM were greater (P < 0.05) than in DY. The SID of indispensable AA in DY ranged from 64.7% for Thr to 86.1% for Arg, whereas those in SBM ranged from 84.8% for Thr to 92.3% for Arg. In conclusion, energy values in DY was comparable with SBM, but the SID of most AA in DY were less than in SBM.

scholarly journals Genotype by Trait Interaction (GT) in Maize Hybrids on Complete Fertilizer

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2388
Author(s):  
Seyed Mohammad Nasir Mousavi ◽  
Csaba Bojtor ◽  
Árpád Illés ◽  
János Nagy
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Gge Biplot ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Maize Cultivars ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Total Data ◽  
Ammi Model ◽  
Complete Fertilizer ◽  
The University

We investigated the interaction between genotype by trait, and an experiment was conducted at the University of Debrecen. Two maize cultivars, FAO340 and FAO410, were studied in a randomized complete block design with four replications. This experiment was applied to the six fertilization treatments. Fertilizer levels were NPK0 (control) (N:0, P2O5:0, K2O:0), NPK1 (N:30, P2O5:23, K2O:27), NPK2 (N:60, P2O5:46, K2O:54), NPK3 (N:90, P2O5:69, K2O:81), NPK4 (N:120, P2O5:92, K2O:108), and NPK5 (N:150, P2O5:115, K2O:135). The first principal component showed 54.24%, and the second principal component showed 20.75%, which explained the total squares interaction using the AMMI model in the case of the FAO410 hybrid. As regards the FAO340 hybrid, the first principal component showed 58.18%, and the second principal component showed 18.04%, explaining the total squares interaction using the AMMI model in the FAO410 hybrid. In the GGE biplot on FAO410, the first and the second principal components covered 91.20% of the total data in this analysis. Accordingly, the desirable treatment was NPK5, followed by NPK4, NPK2, NPK3, NPK1, and NPK0. NPK4 and NPK5 had the most desirable treatments for the number of seeds per row, chlorophyll, weight of 1000 seeds, and stem diameter in the case of the FAO410 hybrid.

scholarly journals Response Of Maize Varieties To Sowing Dates In Inner Terai Region, Dang, Nepal

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Pukar Khanal ◽  
Rupak Karn ◽  
Pratibha Budhathoki Chhetri ◽  
Samita Karki ◽  
Shrawan Kumar Sah
Keyword(s):  
Unit Area ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Spring Season ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Maize Varieties ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Hybrid Maize

AbstractSowing dates and varieties affect the productivity of maize. A field experiment was conducted to find out the response of maize hybrids to sowing dates on growth and productivity of maize in spring season at Lamahi, Dang in 2019. The experiment was laid out in two factor factorial Randomized Complete Block Design with four replications. The treatment consisted of combination of three different sowing dates (February 1, February12 and February 23) and two maize varieties (Arun-2 i.e. OPV and hybrid Bioseed-9220).The result revealed that earlier planting on February 1 produced the highest yield (8265 Kg ha-1) which was significantly superior than latter planting of February 12(6099 kg ha-1)and February 23 (5934 kg ha-1).The higher yield in earlier planting was due to significantly higher no of kernel per ear, non-significant but higher number of cob per unit area, thousand grain weight. Similarly, Bioseed 9220 produced higher yield (7798 kg ha-1) compared to Arun-2 (5,734 kg ha-1). The higher yield of hybrid Bioseed 9220 was because of higher number of cob per unit area harvested and more number of kernel per cob. Therefore, earlier planting with hybrid maize is recommended in spring season of Dang and locations with similar climatic conditions for higher productivity of maize.

scholarly journals Evaluation of nitrogen (Urea) on Zea mays L. under Balkh province climate

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 6-9
Author(s):  
Nasratullah Habibi ◽  
Friba Sikandari
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Agricultural Research ◽  
Block Design ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Randomized Complete Block Design ◽  
Yield And Yield Components ◽  
Effect On Yield

An experiment was conducted to evaluate effect of urea fertilizer on yield and yield components of Zea mays L. Using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) split plots in three replications in agricultural research farm of Balkh University by 2019. Doses of urea used in this experiment were 0, 80, 160 and 240 kg ha-1 , respectively. It has been found that amount of nitrogen fertilizer (urea) had significant effect on yield of maize at p<0.05. The higher level of nitrogen caused the higher grain yield, number of kernels per ear, the number of grains per ear row, ear diameter, cob length, grain per plant and plant height. As a result 7.76 ton ha-1 was recorded as high yield while 240 kg ha-1 urea was used, and 5.12 ton ha-1 was recorded as low yield in treatment one with 0 kg ha-1 of nitrogen fertilizer. Finally, as a result using 240 kg ha-1 nitrogen fertilizer is recommended.

scholarly journals The dependence of maize (Zea mays) hybrids yielding potential on the water amounts reaching the soil surface

Genetika ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-272 ◽  
Author(s):  
Branka Kresovic ◽  
Vesna Dragicevic ◽  
Bosko Gajic ◽  
Angelina Tapanarova ◽  
Borivoj Pejic
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Water Capacity ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Water Amount

The aim of the present study was to observe the response of maize hybrids under rainfed and irrigation conditions of the soil in order to establish the dependence of yielding potential on the water amounts reaching the soil surface during the growing season. The four-replicate trail was set up according to the randomised complete-block design on chernozem. Pre-watering soil moisture was approximately 70% of field water capacity, and soil moisture was established thermogravimetrically. During the five-year studies, the following differences in yields could be as follows: 12.68 t ha-1 (ZP 341); 12.76 t ha-1 (ZP 434); 13.17 t ha-1 (ZP 578); 14.03 t ha-1 (ZP 684) and 13.75 t ha-1 (ZP 704) under conditions of 440 mm, 440 mm, 424 mm, 457 mm and 466 mm of water, respectively. The hybrid ZP 341, i.e. ZP 578 expressed the highest, i.e. the lowest tolerance in dry relative seasons, respectively. The reduction of the water amount for every 10 mm decreased the yield by 119.4 kg ha-1 (ZP 341), 156.7 kg ha-1 (ZP 434), 172.3 kg ha-1 (ZP 578), 148.9 kg ha-1 (ZP 684) and 151.1 kg ha-1 (ZP 704).

scholarly journals Interactions Between Herbicide Application and Timing of Nitrogen Fertilization in Maize Hybrids

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 21
Author(s):  
Guilherme V. Pimentel ◽  
Silvino G. Moreira ◽  
Mateus O. T. de Avila ◽  
Antonio Henrique F. de Carvalho ◽  
Alessandro A. P. da Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fertilization ◽  
No Reduction ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Maize Hybrids ◽  
Growing Seasons ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Different Levels

Maize hybrids have different levels of tolerance to the herbicide nicosulfuron, depending on the dose, the environment, the phenological stage of the plant and the timing of nitrogen fertilization, and phytotoxic effects can occur without proper management. There is also limited information on the selectivity of current genetically modified hybrids for other recommended herbicides, such as tembotrione. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of herbicides (tembotrione and nicosulfuron) and the timing of nitrogen fertilization on the yield of maize hybrids. The experimental design was a randomized block design, in a 4 &times; 2 factorial arrangement, with 4 replicates. The treatments consisted of four treatments [weeding; nicosulfuron + atrazine (20 and 32 + 1250 g ha-1 ai) and tembotrione + atrazine (75.6 + 1250 g ha-1 ai)] and two nitrogen fertilization times (0 and 7 days after application). Maize hybrids P30F53 Leptra, DKB 230PRO3 and KWS 9004PRO2 were assessed in two growing seasons (1st and 2nd harvest) during the 2016/2017 growing season. The percentages of weed control; phytotoxicity at 7, 14 and 21 days after application (DAA); plant height; number of rows per ear; and yield at harvest were evaluated. All herbicides were more effective in controlling weeds at the 1st harvest because of favourable climatic conditions. Nitrogen fertilization can be carried out on the same day as the application of the herbicides nicosulfuron and tembotrione with no reduction in yield for the hybrids P30F53 Leptra, DKB 230PRO3 and KWS 9004PRO2.

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