Effect of Trigonella foenum Graecum (Fenugreek)-Loaded PLGA Nanoparticles on Non-Specific Esterase Enzyme Activity in Salivary Glands of Aging-Accelerated Male Mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
V. M. Deshmukh ◽  
M. V. Walvekar ◽  
S. S. Desai
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Plga Nanoparticles ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Trigonella Foenum Graecum

Localization of Chromogranins, Non-neuron-specific Enolase, and Different Forms of Somatostatins in the Submandibular Salivary Glands of Mice

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (8) ◽  
pp. 1494-1499 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Letić-Gavrilović ◽  
K. Abe
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Chromogranin A ◽  
Neuron Specific Enolase ◽  
Biologically Active ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Duct System ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Chromogranin B ◽  
Submandibular Salivary Glands

The localizations of chromogranins A, B, and C, neuron-specific enolase (NSE, γγ-type) and non-NSE (αα-type), and different forms of somatostatins were immunocytochemically identified. The localizations were compared with those of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF) in the submandibular salivary glands (SMG) of male mice at five to six weeks of age, with use of a variety of antibodies and the peroxidase-antiperoxidase (PAP) and avidin-biotin complex (ABC) detection methods. In the SMG of male mice, the major chromogranin present was chromogranin A, whereas chromogranins B and C were not detected at these ages by either method. Chromogranin Alike immunoreactivity was located in the granular convoluted tubule (GCT) cells of the SMG, whereas non-NSE immunoreactivity was observed throughout the duct system and in some acinar-associated cells. NSE was not detected in any part of the SMG. The distribution of chromogranin A and somatostatins in the GCT cells was similar to that of EGF and NGF. Our results strongly suggest that chromogranin A and somatostatins, but not chromogranin B or C, may be useful as a means of differentiation of the cells in the duct system of the SMG responsible for the production of biologically-active factors.

Expression and localization of cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase in major salivary glands of male mice

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 615-621 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shengnan Liu ◽  
Ying Liu ◽  
Qiwang Ma ◽  
Sheng Cui ◽  
Jiali Liu
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Major Salivary Glands

Properties of Na, K-ATPase from the salivary glands of the ixodid tick Amblyomma hebraeum

1980 ◽  
Vol 58 (6) ◽  
pp. 1052-1059 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Rutti ◽  
B. Schlunegger ◽  
W. Kaufman ◽  
A. Aeschlimann
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Fluid Secretion ◽  
Ixodid Tick ◽  
Rich Source ◽  
Amblyomma Hebraeum ◽  
Fundamental Properties ◽  
High Concentrations

Tick (Amblyomma hebraeum) salivary glands are a rich source of Na,K-ATPase (EC 3.6.1.3), the fundamental properties of which are similar to those of Na,K-ATPases from other sources. Inhibition of the enzyme by ouabain is quantitatively similar to the inhibition of fluid secretion by this drug. Harmaline at high concentrations also inhibited the Na,K-ATPase. The nucleotides GTP, ITP, and UTP were utilized as substrates, but all were less effective than ATP. Noradrenaline, dopamine, and phenoxybenzamine, all at concentrations known to influence fluid secretion in vitro, had no effect on enzyme activity.

The long-term administration of calcineurin inhibitors decreases antioxidant enzyme activity in the rat parotid and submandibular salivary glands

Life Sciences ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 134 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luís C. Spolidorio ◽  
Bruno S. Herrera ◽  
Leila S. Coimbra ◽  
Cleverton R. de Andrade ◽  
Denise M.P. Spolidorio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme ◽  
Calcineurin Inhibitors ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activity ◽  
Submandibular Salivary Glands ◽  
Term Administration ◽  
Rat Parotid

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF CHANGES IN THE RESPIRATORY METABOLISM UPON GENOME ACTIVITY

1972 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans J. Leenders ◽  
Pieter J. A. Beckers
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Actinomycin D ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Respiratory Metabolism ◽  
Maximum Increase ◽  
Drosophila Hydei ◽  
Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide Dehydrogenase ◽  
Genome Activity

The in vitro regression of experimentally induced chromosome puffs was investigated in explanted salivary gland chromosomes of Drosophila hydei. It was observed that the regression of the puffs 2-32A, 2-36A, 2-48C, and 4-81B is accelerated if substrates for the respiratory metabolism are supplied to the cells. A similar effect can be produced by addition of KCN or oligomycin to medium in which intact salivary glands are incubated. The acceleration of puff regression by these substances occurs not only if the puff-inducing stimulus is removed but as well under conditions in which the stimulus is maintained. Regression of the puffs 2-32A, 2-36A, and 4-81B is inhibited if cycloheximide is present in the incubation medium. Chloramphenicol has no effect on puff regression. Measurements on nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide-dehydrogenase activity in homogenates of salivary glands revealed an increase in enzyme activity of 41 %. Maximum increase is attained at 30 min after the induced puffs have reached their maximum size. The increase in enzyme activity does not occur if the glands are kept in a medium containing either actinomycin D or cycloheximide. Chloramphenicol does not inhibit the increase in enzyme activity. The possible relationship between puff activity and its control as a result of changes in the respiratory metabolism is discussed.

INFLUENCE OF GONADECTOMY, SEX HORMONES AND OTHER FACTORS, ON THE ACTIVITY OF CERTAIN GLYCOSIDASES IN THE RAT AND MOUSE

1959 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 132-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. CONCHIE ◽  
JUNE FINDLAY
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Partial Hepatectomy ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
The Body ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Qualitative Behaviour ◽  
Ovariectomized Mice

SUMMARY 1. The rise with age in the α-mannosidase, β-galactosidase, β-N-acetylglucosaminidase and βglucuronidase activities in the epididymis of mice and rats has been examined. Enzyme activities in both species reached a maximum at an age of 12–14 weeks. 2. Ovariectomy caused a considerable drop in all uterine enzyme activities in mice. Administration of oestrone to such mice restored the activities to intact levels. 3. Castration of both mice and rats greatly reduced the enzyme activities in the epididymis. Prolonged injection of testosterone raised all the activities, although not to intact levels. 4. Injections of menthol, chloroform and carbon tetrachloride caused changes in enzyme activity analogous to those already observed with β-glucuronidase, although there were quantitative differences in the response of each enzyme. 5. A study of the effects of partial hepatectomy, and to a lesser extent, injection of carbon tetrachloride on the glycosidase activities in ovariectomized mice provides evidence for the action of extraovarian oestrogen. 6. Changes in enzyme activities of the epididymis were seen after partial hepatectomy or injection of carbon tetrachloride in castrated male mice. 7. The qualitative behaviour of all four enzymes in response to the action of extrinsic agents suggests that they exert similar functions in the body, and that these may well lie in the field of mucopolysaccharide catabolism.

scholarly journals Carbonic anhydrase in mouse salivary glands and saliva: a histochemical, immunohistochemical, and enzyme activity study.

1984 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 625-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Ikejima ◽  
S Ito
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Acinar Cell ◽  
Secretory Granules ◽  
Salivary Secretion ◽  
Carbonic Anhydrase Activity ◽  
Duct Systems ◽  
Activity Measurements ◽  
Granule Membrane

Mouse parotid gland and saliva were studied by histochemical, immunohistochemical, and activity measurements for carbonic anhydrase. Hansson 's histochemical reaction for carbonic anhydrase revealed positive enzyme activity in the parotid acinar cell cytoplasm and little or no reaction in the secretory granules. The luminal contents in all of the glandular duct systems also reacted positively, but the duct cells themselves were only weakly positive. Ultrastructural observations confirmed the light microscope histochemical localization and, in addition, revealed luminal content activity in intercellular ducts. Purified carbonic anhydrase isolated from mouse salivary glands was used to raise antibodies in rabbits. Localization of carbonic anhydrase by direct immunolabeling with fluorescein-coupled antibody and indirect immunoperoxidase labeling revealed enzyme localization on or in the acinar cell secretory granule membrane and not in the surrounding cytoplasm. The luminal contents of the intercalated and striated ducts were also strongly positive. Stimulation of salivary secretion with phenylephrine or pilocarpine increased the amount of carbonic anhydrase in saliva. Acetatazolamide and potassium cyanate inhibited carbonic anhydrase activity. Reasons underlying the discrepancy between the histochemical and immunolabeling localization of carbonic anhydrase are discussed. It is concluded that the parotid acinar cells of mice appear to be a significant source of carbonic anhydrase in saliva but its role is enigmatic.

scholarly journals Tween® Preserves Enzyme Activity and Stability in PLGA Nanoparticles

Nanomaterials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2946
Author(s):  
Jason Thomas Duskey ◽  
Ilaria Ottonelli ◽  
Arianna Rinaldi ◽  
Irene Parmeggiani ◽  
Barbara Zambelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Glycolic Acid ◽  
Treatment Options ◽  
Plga Nanoparticles ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Titration Calorimetry ◽  
Burst Release ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Pharmaceutical Molecules

Enzymes, as natural and potentially long-term treatment options, have become one of the most sought-after pharmaceutical molecules to be delivered with nanoparticles (NPs); however, their instability during formulation often leads to underwhelming results. Various molecules, including the Tween® polysorbate series, have demonstrated enzyme activity protection but are often used uncontrolled without optimization. Here, poly(lactic-co-glycolic) acid (PLGA) NPs loaded with β-glucosidase (β-Glu) solutions containing Tween® 20, 60, or 80 were compared. Mixing the enzyme with Tween® pre-formulation had no effect on particle size or physical characteristics, but increased the amount of enzyme loaded. More importantly, NPs made with Tween® 20:enzyme solutions maintained significantly higher enzyme activity. Therefore, Tween® 20:enzyme solutions ranging from 60:1 to 2419:1 mol:mol were further analyzed. Isothermal titration calorimetry analysis demonstrated low affinity and unquantifiable binding between Tween® 20 and β-Glu. Incorporating these solutions in NPs showed no effect on size, zeta potential, or morphology. The amount of enzyme and Tween® 20 in the NPs was constant for all samples, but a trend towards higher activity with higher molar rapports of Tween® 20:β-Glu was observed. Finally, a burst release from NPs in the first hour with Tween®:β-Glu solutions was the same as free enzyme, but the enzyme remained active longer in solution. These results highlight the importance of stabilizers during NP formulation and how optimizing their use to stabilize an enzyme can help researchers design more efficient and effective enzyme loaded NPs.

scholarly journals In vivo enzyme activity and induction of DNA damage in Swiss albino male mice by automobile waste leachate

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 285-295
Author(s):  
Abass Toba Anifowoshe ◽  
Oluyinka Ajibola Iyiola ◽  
Temitope Fatima Olafimihan ◽  
Segun Olayinka Oladipo ◽  
Sunday Frank Yakubu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Positive Control ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Motor Vehicles ◽  
Genetic Constitution ◽  
Male Mice ◽  
Serum Enzyme ◽  
Sperm Abnormality ◽  
Waste Leachate

The rapid growth of motor vehicles use, together with poor waste disposal, produce environmental and biological threats. We evaluated the genotoxicity and enzyme activity of simulated automobile waste leachate in Swiss albino male mice (Mus musculus). Four mice per group were intraperitoneally treated with four leachate concentrations (10%, 15%, 20% and 25% v/v: simulant (IOASL)/distilled water), as well as a negative control (0.5mL UILSL); and a positive control (cyclophosphamide 20mg/Kg body weight) for five consecutive days. There was a concentration-dependent increase in sperm abnormality compared to the negative control (except at 10% and 15%; p<0,05). Heavy metal (Pb, Cd, As, Hg, Cr, Cu, Fe and Zn) exceeded permissible limits for waste water. Significant variability was also recorded in liver serum enzyme activity (AST, ALP, ALT and ALB) and in the frequencies of micronuclei (p<0,05). The interaction of some of these components with the genetic constitution of the cell during spermatogenesis might be responsible for the abnormalities. 

scholarly journals Activity of Alkaline Phosphatase in the Major Salivary Glands of Mice at Various Ages of Postnatal Life, and During Pregnancy and Lactation

1998 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-72
Author(s):  
Blanka Pospíšilová ◽  
Dáša Slížová ◽  
Olga Procházková ◽  
Otakar Krs ◽  
Petr Bílek
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Submandibular Gland ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Submandibular Salivary Gland ◽  
Postnatal Life ◽  
Major Salivary Glands ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation

Activity of alkaline phosphatase in the major salivary glands of male and female mice at various ages of postnatal life, and in females during pregnancy and lactation was studied histochemically. Enzyme activity was not detected on the day of birth, but was found in the terminal tubules of all major salivary glands during the first postnatal week. Alkaline phosphatase activity was increasing gradually with age and a definitive enzymatic pattern was observed by the age of 6 weeks. No difference in enzyme activity was found among the major salivary glands of young adult and old animals. The parenchyma of fully differentiated submandibular glands showed clear sexually dimorphic patterns of alkaline phosphatase activity. During pregnancy, a significant increase of alkaline phosphatase activity was detected in submandibular gland. From gestation day 15 to the end of pregnancy, enzymic pattern of granular convoluted tubules of pregnant females was the same as in the adult males. Histochemical masculinization of the submandibular gland during pregnancy suggests that besides androgens also progesterone exerts masculinization of the murine submandibular salivary gland.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document