scholarly journals THE PUBLICATIONS OF THE MEMBERS OF THE IMPERIAL SOCIETY OF AGRICULTURE OF SOUTHERN RUSSIA IN DEFENCE OF THE ECONOMIC INTERESTS OF THE DNIEPER UKRAINE IN THE 1830'S – 1840'S

2021 ◽  
pp. 24-32
Author(s):  
Taras Honcharuk
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
River Transport ◽  
Southern Russia

The article focuses on the analysis of the publications of members of the Imperial Society of Agriculture of Southern Russia (with the center in Odesa) and related figures, published on the pages of the “Listki” and later of the “Notes” of the Society and the newspaper “Odesskiy vestnik” in 1830`s – 1840's. It was noted that the authors of these publications belonged to various economic courses from conservative to moderately liberal. It was also pointed out the circulations among the members of the Society the ideas of “physiocrats”, which they themselves understood as a recognition of the priority of agriculture, over all other human activities. The publications whose authors insisted on the necessity for immediate government measures to improve transport connections, especially the deployment of railways and improved the river transport vital to the development of agricultural exports were examined by author. The arguments of the members of the Society in their polemics with the authors of the St. Petersburg “Zemledelcheskaya gazeta”, who unjustifiably criticized the traditional forms of Ukrainian economy and accused the Ukrainian peasants of natural “laziness”, were interpreted too. In addition the author of the research analyzed the publications of the members of the Society, who supported the free trade course. It was concluded that, regardless of the general economic views, the members of the Society mostly grouped around the protection of economic interests of Ukrainian lands.

How Can Economic Interests Influence Support for Free Trade?

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 311-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin O. Fordham ◽  
Katja B. Kleinberg
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Policy Attitudes ◽  
Self Interest ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Direction Of Causation ◽  
Complete Account

AbstractRecent research on the sources of individual attitudes toward trade policy comes to very different conclusions about the role of economic self-interest. The skeptical view suggests that long-standing symbolic predispositions and sociotropic perceptions shape trade policy opinions more than one's own material well-being. We believe this conclusion is premature for two reasons. First, the practice of using one attitude to predict another raises questions about direction of causation that cannot be answered with the data at hand. This problem is most obvious when questions about the expected impact of trade are used to predict opinions about trade policy. Second, the understanding of self-interest employed in most studies of trade policy attitudes is unrealistically narrow. In reality, the close relationship between individual economic interests and the interests of the groups in which individuals are embedded creates indirect pathways through which one's position in the economy can shape individual trade policy preferences. We use the data employed by Mansfield and Mutz to support our argument that a more complete account of trade attitude formation is needed and that in such an account economic interests may yet play an important role.1

scholarly journals Preliminary study on the tolerance to human disturbance of Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) in an active quarry in NW Hungary

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
Mátyás Prommer ◽  
I. Lotár Molnár ◽  
Barna Tarján ◽  
Botond Kertész
Keyword(s):  
Home Range ◽  
Human Activities ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Bubo Bubo ◽  
Nest Sites ◽  
Specific Guideline ◽  
Eagle Owl ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
New Habitats

Abstract Population of the Eagle Owl (Bubo bubo) has been increasing in Europe including Hungary. The species occupy new habitats beside its ancient territories including quarries and buildings. This may result in conflicting conservation and economic interests in active quarries. Because eagle owls are strictly protected in Hungary, human activities around known nest sites require environmental permits. We aimed to obtain information on Eagle Owl behaviour in an operating quarry by tracking an adult female to base a future species-specific guideline to issue environmental permits for mining in quarries. We used a combined GPS-GSM and VHF telemetry. We found that the tracked female did not breed in the study year but remained in her home range during the study period. By studying her seasonal and daily patterns of movements, we found that she was not disturbed by regular human activities under the nesting cliff, but she was more sensitive to unexpected non-regular disturbance. Based on the satellite-tracking data, this specimen used an approximately 18 km2 home range during the study period.

Legalising General Prohibitions on Cultivation of Genetically Modified Organisms

2010 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1347-1372 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Dobbs
Keyword(s):  
Human Health ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Genetically Modified Organisms ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Scientific Uncertainty ◽  
Freedom Of Choice ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Pluralistic Society

In a pluralistic society, agreement over complex issues is frequently difficult to achieve. This is amply demonstrated by the question of cultivation of Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs), where scientific uncertainty relating to potential threats to the environment or human health runs parallel with concerns over ethics, freedom of choice, and competing agricultural and economic interests. Conflict centres over the objective of free trade of GMOs and the circumstances in which restrictions may legitimately be imposed to deal with the abovementioned concerns, in particular regarding cultivation.

The Australia India Proposed Free Trade Agreement and Trade in Agriculture: Opportunities and Challenges

2013 ◽  
pp. 167-197
Author(s):  
Shawkat Alam ◽  
Pundarik Mukhopadhya ◽  
Md. Rizwanul Islam
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Feasibility Study ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Agricultural Trade ◽  
Domestic Demand ◽  
Trade Barriers ◽  
Export Markets ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Australian Economy

In 2007, Australia and India began a joint feasibility study to assess the prospect of an Australia-India Free Trade Agreement (FTA). Agriculture will be a crucial negotiation point in any such FTA. Agriculture is a key sector of the Australian economy, and an important and lucrative export, with more than half of the sector’s output exported. The scope of increased domestic demand in agriculture is limited for a significant segment of the sector. Therefore, sustained growth of the industry requires new export markets to be opened. This paper will analyse the prospects of boosting agricultural exports from Australia via the proposed FTA. This paper will assess the tariff and non-tariff barriers in agriculture in India and critically assess how an FTA could reduce these barriers. The benefits of increased liberalisation of agricultural trade in India will also be discussed to demonstrate the mutually beneficial opportunities that reduced trade barriers could provide.

scholarly journals Economic and Political Aspects of the Serbia — EAEU Free Trade Area

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 120-131
Author(s):  
A. V. Toropygin
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Foreign Policy ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Soft Power ◽  
Free Trade Area ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Trade Area ◽  
The One

The article is devoted to the analysis of the Serbia — EAEU relations development through the prism of the Agreement on the Free Trade Area (FTA) — between the integration association and the separate economy / country. The purpose of this study is to identify the prospects of the FTA taking into account Serbia’s desire to integrate into the European Union. The author come to the conclusion that intensive interaction, primarily between Serbia and Russia through the FTA between Serbia and the EAEU, is explained, on the one hand, by Serbia’s multi-vector foreign policy, and, on the other hand, by Russia’s attentive attitude to the course of the conflict over Kosovo. Russia has economic interests in this region, as well as the region is people-related value for Russia within which it has used and will intensively utilize of soft power mechanisms.

China-Maldives free trade agreement may not endure

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Free Trade ◽  
Presidential Election ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Due Process ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Infrastructure Projects ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chinese Companies ◽  
Opposition Parties

Subject Prospects for the China-Maldives free trade agreement. Significance The Maldivian government is aligning itself with Chinese political and economic interests. The free trade agreement (FTA) it signed with Beijing in late November is raising concerns in India, the Maldives’ longstanding security and economic partner. Maldivian President Abdulla Yameen is under pressure domestically from opposition parties who claim the deal was pushed through without following due process. Impacts A growing number of Chinese companies may explore opportunities under the FTA to develop resorts in the Maldives. China, which already provides the most visitors to the country, will increase its share of the Maldives’ tourism market. The Maldivian opposition will seek, and likely receive, Indian support to ensure a fair presidential election. Indian firms may seek to recover control of infrastructure projects if Yameen loses the 2018 poll.

Japanese Trade Policy

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina L. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Trade Policy ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Political Institutions ◽  
Bilateral Trade ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Political Stability ◽  
The United States ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Trade Friction ◽  
The Government

This chapter examines Japanese trade policy to explain how economic interests and domestic political institutions have supported the resilience of free trade policies in Japan. The mercantilist ideas and the reactive state model of past years have been replaced by strong support of free trade and Kantei diplomacy to lead in setting rules for the trade regime complex. Once dependent on the United States and mired in bilateral trade friction, Japan has emerged as an active supporter of engagement with China and the pursuit of free trade agreements, alongside continued commitment to the multilateral rules. Japanese-style trade adjustment and the slow path to liberalization served to balance economic efficiency with political stability as the government has supported narrow interests along with long-term trade strategies for economic growth.

scholarly journals A Gravity Model of Trade for Nicaraguan Agricultural Exports

2018 ◽  
Vol 37 (74) ◽  
pp. 391-428
Author(s):  
Medardo Aguirre González ◽  
Claudio Candia Campano ◽  
Lilliam Antón López
Keyword(s):  
Gravity Model ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Free Trade Agreement ◽  
Free Trade Agreements ◽  
Trade Agreement ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Agricultural Exports ◽  
Determining Factors ◽  
Trading Partners ◽  
Gravity Model Of Trade

This research aims to find the determining factors of Nicaraguan agricultural exports. To carry out this study, the author formulated a Gravity Model of Trade (GMT) and then made an estimation using a version of Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) that incorporates a consistent covariance matrix estimator to correct the heteroskedasticity and autocorrelation effects. The data considered observations over twenty years and for twelve countries: eight have signed a Free Trade Agreement (FTA) with Nicaragua and four have not. The variables that significantly increased the flow of Nicaraguan agricultural exports are the following: Nicaragua’s trading partners’ population, Nicaragua’s Gross Domestic Product per capita (GDP pc), the Real Exchange Rate (RER), and Nicaragua’s trading partners’ GDP pc; however, the distance variable turned out to be significantly trade-inhibiting. Free Trade Agreements (FTAs) predominantly have significant effects.

Ideas, Interests, and Politics in the Case of Belgian Corn Law Repeal, 1834–1873

2011 ◽  
Vol 71 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten Van Dijck ◽  
Tom Truyts
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Voting Behavior ◽  
Political Strategy ◽  
Party Affiliation ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Corn Laws

Economic interests, ideas, and politics have been put forward as explanations for the Repeal of the British Corn Laws. This article evaluates these competing explanations using the case of the Belgian Corn Laws between 1834 and 1873. A detailed quantitative analysis assesses the success of party affiliation and personal and constituency economic interests in predicting representatives' voting behavior. These factors prove to be insufficient to explain the shift towards free trade. This article then moves on to a qualitative analysis, which points to the importance of political strategy and ideas in the liberalization of corn tariffs.

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