scholarly journals Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors Influencing Employee Motivation: Lessons from AMREF Health Africa in Kenya

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (9) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen Morangi Nyambegera ◽  
Caroline Njambi Gicheru
Keyword(s):  
Management Practices ◽  
Work Organization ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Employee Motivation ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Salary Structure ◽  
Data Collection Instrument ◽  
Correlation Statistics ◽  
Extrinsic And Intrinsic Factors

<p>The purpose of the study was to determine the factors that influence employee motivation in Kenyan Organizations. The study was guided by the following research questions: (i) what are the extrinsic factors that influence employee motivation in AMREF Health Africa in Kenya? (ii) what intrinsic factors influence employee motivation in AMREF Health Africa in Kenya? A descriptive research design was adopted. Stratified random sampling technique was used to draw a sample size of 96 respondents. The data collection instrument was a structured questionnaire developed by the researchers.  A set of descriptive and correlation statistics were adopted for analysis. The study identified several intrinsic factors that influence employee motivation. These included employee achievements, recognition, work itself, responsibility and advancement, salary structure, the level to which the employees feel appreciated, and the employee perception of their jobs among other factors. The study further, established that the intrinsic factors that influence employee motivation include empowerment and autonomy, employees’ view of their work, organization trust, skill variety requirements among others. The study recommends that the organization should acknowledge and make use of a proper mix of extrinsic and intrinsic factors in their human resource management practices to ensure that employees are well motivated to perform their tasks.</p>

scholarly journals Compensation Methods and Employees’ Motivation (With Reference to Employees of National Commercial Bank Riyadh)

2012 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Alamzeb Aamir ◽  
Khawaja Jehanzeb ◽  
Anwar Rasheed ◽  
Omair Mujahid Malik
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Case Study Research ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Employee Motivation ◽  
Correlation Technique ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Intrinsic Rewards ◽  
Intrinsic Factors

The main purpose of this research work is to compare the extrinsic and intrinsic rewards which are used as the factors of motivation in the banking sector of Saudi Arabia. With a case study research design, structured interviews were conducted from the eighty (80) employees of NCB seven branched in Riyadh, KSA. The interviews responses were analysed according to Likert technique. After getting scores of ten (10) reward factors, the Pearson correlation technique was calculated to check the relationship between the extrinsic and intrinsic factors and employees motivation. The results show that the employees of NCB were motivated both by the extrinsic and intrinsic rewards, in such way that extrinsic factors were more causing motivation. The analysis result shows that reward management has an intense direct positive relationship with employee motivation level also the intrinsic factors played important role in the motivation process. This research paper stress that banks in public sector shall apply the advance and updated human resource strategy regarding extrinsic and intrinsic rewards. Key Words: Extrinsic Reward, Intrinsic Reward, Employees Satisfaction

scholarly journals A Study of Stimulating Factors in Self-Motivated Professional Development among Teachers at University Level

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (II) ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Fauzia Mushtaq ◽  
Iftikhar Ahmad Baig ◽  
Namra Munir
Keyword(s):  
Professional Development ◽  
Survey Design ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Shared Vision ◽  
Professional Status ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
University Level

The purpose of this study is to find out the factors which stimulate university teachers towards self-motivated professional development at university level. It was a descriptive study based on survey design; a mixed methods design was selected to collect the data through mixed method techniques. 200 questionnaires were distributed with the help of the snowball sampling technique, which helped in reaching 57 teachers for interview. Thematic Analysis, Descriptive Statistics and Chi- Square Test were applied to data. The result shows the intrinsic factors of stimulation were self-thrust towards excellence, respect, acknowledgment and inner satisfaction. On the contrary, extrinsic factors were a good salary package, promotion, better social and professional status and ability to cope with the advanced educational requirements. The study recommends that action through teachers’ consideration, reflection and shared vision may include extrinsic and intrinsic factors of motivation.

scholarly journals See, Feel, Taste: The Influence of Receptacle Colour and Weight on the Evaluation of Flavoured Carbonated Beverages

Foods ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 119 ◽  
Author(s):  
Line Mielby ◽  
Qian Wang ◽  
Sidsel Jensen ◽  
Anne Bertelsen ◽  
Ulla Kidmose ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complex Interaction ◽  
The Other ◽  
Combined Effects ◽  
Complex Interplay ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Carbonated Beverages ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Extrinsic And Intrinsic Factors

A study was designed to assess whether the individual and combined effects of product-intrinsic and product-extrinsic factors influence the perception of, and liking for, carbonated beverages. Four hundred and one participants tasted samples of one of three flavours (grapefruit, lemon, or raspberry) of carbonated aromatised non-alcoholic beer. The beverages were served in receptacles that differed in terms of their colour (red or black) and weight (lighter—no added weight, or heavier—20 g weight added). Each participant received the same beverage in each of the four different receptacles, and rated how much they liked the drink. They also evaluated the intensity of each beverage’s sweetness, bitterness, sourness, and carbonation. The results revealed a significant influence of the colour of the receptacle on perceived carbonation, with the beverages tasted from the red receptacles being rated as tasting more carbonated than when served in black receptacles. In terms of flavour, the participants liked the raspberry beverage significantly more than the others, while also rating it as tasting sweeter and less bitter than either of the other flavours. Furthermore, there was a more complex interaction effect involving the weight of the receptacle: Specifically, the perceived bitterness of the beverage moderated the relationship between the receptacle weight and the perceived carbonation. At high levels of bitterness, the drinks were perceived to be more carbonated when served from the heavier receptacle as compared to the lighter one. These findings highlight the complex interplay of product extrinsic and intrinsic factors on the flavour/mouthfeel perception and preference for beverages, and stress the importance of taking both internal product development and external packaging into account in the design of health-oriented beverages.

scholarly journals Employee Motivation, Recruitment Practices and Banks Performance in Nigeria

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 70-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mukarramah Modupe Adeola ◽  
Sulaimon Olanrewaju Adebiyi
Keyword(s):  
Employee Motivation ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Organisational Performance ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Recruitment Practices ◽  
Unstable Environment ◽  
Recruitment And Selection

Abstract Many organisations recognizes the use of human resource as a major influence to their success. And with today’s competitive environment, it is imperative for organisations to find ways to be more effective and efficient in utilizing their resources so as to improve their general performance. Hence, there is need to recruit and retain highly qualified and motivated employees in order to remain competitive in the unstable environment. This study evaluates the relationship between recruitment practices, employee motivation and their impact on organisational performance focusing on the Nigerian banking industry, with a view to investigating factors that motivate employees of Nigerian banks and the methods banks adopt to motivate their employees. The study also assesses recruitment and selection methods used by Nigerian banks to select effective employees. The study is a cross-sectional in time and the primary data collected from a conveniently selected sample of 60 employees each of the seven selected banks. Face-to-face survey and interview was carried out in order to achieve the research objectives and back up theoretical findings. Using correlation and thematic analysis, the results indicated that there was a strong positive relationship between employee motivation, recruitment practices and organisational performance. Findings from the analysis identified that bank employees are mostly extrinsically motivated; although intrinsic factors also motivate them, it is not as motivating as extrinsic factors. The banks also provide more of extrinsic motivators to increase the performance of their employees. The banks make use of various methods of employee selection, by dividing the methods into stages. In addition, recruiting is mostly undertaken through recruitment agencies or advert placements. The study provides future recommendations that banks in Nigeria should be firmer in their selection processes; this will allow them to identify unsuitable applicants and make room for effective employees who will improve the efficiency of the bank and be motivated. At the same time, this research also suggests that the bank should provide more accessible motivational incentives for its employees in order to boost their performance because unmotivated employees are of no use to any organisation.

scholarly journals Dissection of Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory to Predict Job Satisfaction: Empirical Evidence from the Telecommunication Industry of Pakistan

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-128
Author(s):  
Seeham Yousaf
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Employee Motivation ◽  
Telecommunication Industry ◽  
Work Behaviors ◽  
Business Managers ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Business Units ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
Relationship Of

Herzberg’s motivation theory is one of the most widely studied motivation theories. This theory isalsoknown as the two-factor ordual-factor theory. Thepremise ofFrederick Herzberg’s theory is that the concept of motivationis dividedintotwo aspects:hygiene and motivators.There is no denying of the fact that the theory of Herzberg of employee motivation is very pertinent in explaining the work behaviors of organizational employees. Nevertheless, this theory attracts substantial criticism from its critics who strongly contended that there is no need to revive the original theory as it lacks substantial influence in explaining employee motivation.Taking this notion forward, this study aims to testthe fundamental factors that are of six hygiene factors (extrinsic factors),and five motivators (intrinsic factors) that affectthejob satisfaction offront line employees(FLEs).In doing so, this study moves beyond the dichotomy of these two factors and examine the pertinence of underlying factors that can directly influence the employee job satisfaction. The FLEsare the faces that represent organizations,as they directly interact with the customers at their business units. The study analyzesthe data by applyinga structured equationmodel on a survey sample of 284employees,constituting of business managers and executives in both metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas in telecommunication industry of Pakistan.This research reveals positive and direct relationship of five of the underlying factors (money, relationship with peers, relationship with supervisors, work itself and recognition) with job satisfaction.

The role of extrinsic variation—cohabiting juvenile fish species exhibit similar otolith elemental signatures

2020 ◽  
Vol 646 ◽  
pp. 109-125
Author(s):  
LM Cavole ◽  
JA Miller ◽  
P Salinas-de-León ◽  
O Aburto-Oropeza ◽  
JR Marin Jarrin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gulf Of California ◽  
Juvenile Fish ◽  
Relative Importance ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Galapagos Archipelago ◽  
Elemental Uptake ◽  
Yellow Snapper ◽  
Extrinsic And Intrinsic Factors

The effect of extrinsic (environmentally based) and intrinsic (physiologically based) controls on otolith elemental signatures remains poorly understood. We evaluated the relative importance of both extrinsic and intrinsic factors using juvenile fish in Eastern Tropical Pacific (ETP) mangroves. To assess extrinsic influences, we compared the cohabiting yellow snapper Lutjanus argentiventris and sailfin grouper Mycteroperca olfax from the Galápagos Archipelago. To evaluate intrinsic influences, we compared yellow snapper from the Gulf of California (Mexico) and the Galápagos Archipelago (Ecuador). The 2 cohabiting species in the Galápagos exhibited very similar otolith elemental signatures, with no significant differences observed for Li, Cu, Mg, Mn, Rb, and Sr (univariate ANOVAs, p > 0.05), and a small separation achieved between these species (ANOSIM test, R = 0.01, p = 0.038). The yellow snappers from Galápagos and the Gulf of California exhibited distinct elemental signatures increasing from Rb, Cu, Mn, Sr, Li to Ba (univariate ANOVAs, p < 0.05), with a large separation between them (ANOSIM test, R = 0.55, p = 0.001). The present study suggests that extrinsic factors (e.g. water chemistry, temperature, salinity) can be more important than intrinsic factors (e.g. physiology, growth rates, genetics) for influencing elemental uptake in the otoliths of juveniles from mangrove waters. However, improved understanding of factors influencing elemental incorporation is still needed to ensure accurate interpretation of field data, especially in dynamic oceanographic systems, which is the case for both the Gulf of California and the Galápagos Archipelago.

scholarly journals Maternal aggression in rodents: brain oxytocin and vasopressin mediate pup defence

2013 ◽  
Vol 368 (1631) ◽  
pp. 20130085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver J. Bosch
Keyword(s):  
Brain Regions ◽  
Maternal Behaviour ◽  
Maternal Aggression ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Protective Behaviour ◽  
Laboratory Rodents ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Extrinsic And Intrinsic Factors

The most significant social behaviour of the lactating mother is maternal behaviour, which comprises maternal care and maternal aggression (MA). The latter is a protective behaviour of the mother serving to defend the offspring against a potentially dangerous intruder. The extent to which the mother shows aggressive behaviour depends on extrinsic and intrinsic factors, as we have learned from studies in laboratory rodents. Among the extrinsic factors are the pups’ presence and age, as well as the intruders’ sex and age. With respect to intrinsic factors, the mothers’ innate anxiety and the prosocial brain neuropeptides oxytocin (OXT) and arginine vasopressin (AVP) play important roles. While OXT is well known as a maternal neuropeptide, AVP has only recently been described in this context. The increased activities of these neuropeptides in lactation are the result of remarkable brain adaptations peripartum and are a prerequisite for the mother to become maternal. Consequently, OXT and AVP are significantly involved in mediating the fine-tuned regulation of MA depending on the brain regions. Importantly, both neuropeptides are also modulators of anxiety, which determines the extent of MA. This review provides a detailed overview of the role of OXT and AVP in MA and the link to anxiety.

scholarly journals Frequent Major Changing: Extrinsic and Intrinsic Factors

2008 ◽  
Vol 28 (2) ◽  
pp. 5-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael W. Firmin ◽  
Lisa M. MacKillop
Keyword(s):  
Practice Theory ◽  
Research Practice ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Personal Interests ◽  
Extrinsic And Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Twenty undergraduates participated in individual, semi-structured interviews concerning their decisions to change majors. We found three common extrinsic and three intrinsic factors related to their decisions. Extrinsic factors included parents who were supportive but not meaningfully directive, lack of familial external guidance, and lack of knowledge concerning chosen majors and future careers. Intrinsic factors included students' difficulty making long-term decisions, desires for a major that meshed well with their personal interests, and satisfaction with majors that met those requirements. Relative Emphasis: research, practice, theory

scholarly journals Consumer’s Motivation to Purchase Frozen Food in Kathmandu

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 229-242
Author(s):  
Sunita Dabadi
Keyword(s):  
Significant Relationship ◽  
Purchase Intention ◽  
Sweet Corn ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Frozen Food ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Motivation Factors ◽  
The Relationship

The purpose of the current study is to identify the motivating factors in purchasing frozen food in Kathmandu. Frozen food is considered one of the growing food industry, and bears the ability to sustain itself in today’s market. The research used casual-comparative and descriptive research design with a quantitative and qualitative approach to get an in-depth understanding of the subject matter. The convenience sampling technique was to collect the data where 156 samples were collected using a survey questionnaire from the consumer who bought frozen food from the department store in the Balaju area of Kathmandu. Along with this in-depth interview was taken with the store representative to find out the highly preferable frozen food. A test of ANOVA was run to understand the relationship between demographic variables and motivation factors and purchase intention. The correlation coefficient was used to test the relationship between dependent and independent variables. Research findings reveal that there is no significant relationship between age, gender, and employment status on motivation factor and purchase intention, however, the finding revealed that there is a significant relationship between education and purchase intention. Similarly, the research uncovered that the consumer’s motivation in regards to purchasing frozen food is highly dependent on intrinsic factors (taste, ingredients, nutritional value, value for money), and extrinsic factors (brand, advertisement, convenience, education). Along with this study also revealed on a household, the most purchase frozen food product is frozen MO: MO and on industrial related with the restaurant and hotels, the most purchased frozen food product is the frozen green peas, French fries, and sweet corn.

scholarly journals Motivasi dan Culture Shock Mahasiswa Asing di STAIN KEDIRI Dalam Lingkungan Budaya Kediri

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Siti Amanah
Keyword(s):  
Culture Shock ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Analysis Model ◽  
Research Subjects ◽  
Extrinsic Factors ◽  
Purposive Sampling ◽  
Language And Culture ◽  
Intrinsic Factors ◽  
Thai Students

AbstrakPenelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis motivasi mahasiswa Thailand belajar di Indonesia dan culture shock yang dialami. Sebagai penelitian deskriptif kualitatif, penentuan subjek penelitian menggunakan teknik purposive sampling dengan informan mahasiswa Thailand STAIN Kediri tahun ajaran 2013/2014, pimpinan STAIN Kediri, dan pihak-pihak lain yang relevan. Data yang digunakan berupa data primer dan data sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam dan dokumentasi. Analisis data digunakan model analisa data interaktif Miles dan Huberman yang meliputi reduksi data, penyajian data serta penarikan kesimpulan dan verifikasi. Hasil penelitian menyimpulkan bahwa motivasi yang mendorong mahasiswa Thailand belajar ke Indonesia khususnya di STAIN Kediri terdiri dari faktor instrinsik dan ekstrinsik. Faktor intrinsik antara lain: ingin mendapatkan pengalaman baru, ingin belajar bahasa dan budaya Indonesia. Sementara, faktor ekstrinsik meliputi: mendapatkan beasiswa, Indonesia dekat, biaya hidup di Indonesia terjangkau, Indonesia aman & mayoritas muslim, kesamaan bahasa (rumpun Melayu), pengalaman dari alumni yang pernah belajar di Indonesia. Culture shock dialami oleh mahasiswa Thailand berkaitan dengan makanan, gaya hidup (kebiasaan-kebiasaan, pergaulan), cuaca, dan kegiatan sosial keagamaan. Sebagian besar mahasiswa Thailand berusaha mengatasi culture shock sendiri, lainnya membutuhkan bantuan orang lain seperti teman. Diperlukan proses dan latihan untuk dapat menyesuaikan budaya di Kediri baik terkait dengan cuasa, makanan, bahasa, dan gaya hidup masyarakat setempat. Masing-masing informan membutuhkan masa yang berbeda-beda yakni sekitar satu sampai tiga bulan mereka bisa beradaptasi dan berakulturasi dengan budaya Kediri.Kata Kunci: Culture shock, Indonesia, Mahasiswa, Motivasi, Thailand   AbstractThis study aims to analyze the motivation of Thai students studying in Indonesia and the culture shock experienced. As a qualitative descriptive research, the determination of research subjects using purposive sampling technique with informants consits of Thai students of STAIN Kediri academic year 2013/2014, head of STAIN Kediri, and other relevant parties. It used primary and secondary data. Data obtained from observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. This research used interactive data analysis model Miles and Huberman which include data reduction, data presentation and conclusion and verification. It found that Thai students keen on studying in Indonesia especially in STAIN Kediri motivated by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Intrinsic factors includes: spirit to gain new experiences, language and culture of Indonesia. Meanwhile, extrinsic factors involves scholarship support, Indonesia is geographycally near to Thailand, cost of living in Indonesia affordable, Indonesia is safe, majority of Muslims population, common language (Melayu), and encouraged by Thai alumni experiences. Culture shock experienced by Thai students related to the matter of food, lifestyle, habits, weather, and social activities. Most of Thai students try to overcome their own culture shock, yet others need friends to help. It takes process and practice in recognizing culture of Kediri in terms of local food, language, and lifestyle. Each informant requires a different period of about one to three months.Keywords: Culture shock, Indonesia, Motivation, Student, Thailand

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