scholarly journals Pitch Range in the Production of Saudi and English Women

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (11) ◽  
pp. 60
Author(s):  
Reem Omar Maghrabi

<p><span style="font-size: medium;">In the present small-scale preliminary study, we sampled four groups of younger and older female Arabic and English speakers to examine if speaking fundamental frequency (SFF) could show any systematic variations across languages and different age groups performing different tasks.  All groups of  speakers were recorded reading the North Wind and the Sun twice in their native language, and speaking spontaneously about themselves for around two minutes. Mean SFF values for each speaker and speaking task were obtained using Praat’s autocorrelation algorithm with a pitch range of 100-500Hz, with manual correction to remove spurious F0 values caused by doubling or halving the first harmonic. As well as presenting SFF results for all groups, mean values will be given for each group and speaking task. </span></p>

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-197 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.A. Khan ◽  
C.V. Chandra

AbstractA study was conducted in 2000 and 2003, following the collapse of the commercial fishery in 1990, to compare metazoan parasites of Atlantic cod Gadus morhua, captured off coastal Labrador, with samples taken in 1980 and 1986. Fish were captured by otter trawl offshore in the North Atlantic Fish Organisation subarea 2J. Parasites were removed from the digestive tract, stained, identified and compared between the different groups. Both the prevalence and mean abundance of trematodes, larval nematodes and E. gadi were significantly lower in fish taken in 2000 and 2003 than in 1980. While mean values of trematodes and nematodes declined in 1986, those of Echinorhynchus gadi remained unchanged in 1986 and 1990. Four-year-old cod sampled in 1990 harboured significantly fewer E. gadi than older age groups. The most commonly occurring trematodes included Podocotylereflexa, Lepidapedon elongatum, Derogenes varicus and Hemiurus levinseni while the larval nematode, Anisakis sp. was predominant. Comparison of offshore samples taken in 2000 and 2003 with others taken in previous years suggests an overall decline of parasites coincident with a change in climatic conditions, the absence of a major food source, namely capelin Mallotus villosus, of cod and ultimately the decline of the Labrador population.


2019 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 325-334
Author(s):  
V. N. Peskov ◽  
N. A. Petrenko ◽  
V. Yu. Reminnyi

Abstract We study size-at-age and sexual variability of morphometric characteristics of the marsh frog. According to the size of the body, males were divided into three size-age groups (juvenis, subadultus, adultus), females — into four groups (juvenis, subadultus, adultus, adultus-I). We found that the chronological age of frogs (skeletochronology) does not always correspond to their biological age (size and proportions of the body). We noted that the semi-adult males are reliably larger than females by mean values of 26 studied morphometric characters. Males and females of “adultus” group do not differ by linear body size, significant differences were found in body proportions (7 characters). For the females of “adultus-I” group, the mean values of 26 characters are significantly larger than for “adultus” males. The results of our study showed that with the age of the marsh frog, the level of exhibition, directionality and structure of morphometric sex differences changes.


2020 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 279-304
Author(s):  
Timothy D. Everhart ◽  
Bret J. Ruby

This article offers insights into the organization of Scioto Hopewell craft production and examines the implications of this organization through the lens of ritual economy. We present a novel analysis of investigations at the North 40 site, concluding that it is a craft production site located on the outskirts of the renowned Mound City Group. High-resolution landscape-scale magnetic survey revealed a cluster of three large structures and two rows of associated pits; one of the buildings and three of the pits were sampled in excavations. Evidence from the North 40 site marks this as the best-documented Scioto Hopewell craft production site. Mica, chert, and copper were crafted here in contexts organized outside the realm of domestic household production and consumption. Other material remains from the site suggest that crafting was specialized and embedded in ceremonial contexts. This analysis of the complex organization of Scioto Hopewell craft production provides grounds for further understanding the elaborate ceremonialism practiced by Middle Woodland (AD 1–400) societies and adds to the known complexity of craft production in small-scale societies. Furthermore, this article contributes to a growing body of literature demonstrating the utility of ritual economy as a framework for approaching the sociality of small-scale societies.


Diagnostics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 907
Author(s):  
Laura Teodoriu ◽  
Maria Christina Ungureanu ◽  
Letitia Leustean ◽  
Cristina Preda ◽  
Delia Ciobanu ◽  
...  

Thyroid cancer (TC) represents a worldwide problem, the consistent growth of the incidence increment issues about management of risk factors and curative treatment. Updated statistical data are not complete in the North East region of Romania and need to be improved. Therefore, through this study, we aim to renew the existing data on thyroid cancer. We conducted a retrospective study covering a period of 10 years. Data were collected from a hospital information system (InfoWorld) between 2009 and 2019. Patients’ age groups were stratified in relation with the age at the moment of the Chernobyl event. A database was obtained (Microsoft Excel) and statistical correlations were applied. In the studied period, 1159 patients were diagnosed: 968 females and 191 males, distributed by region, with the highest addressability in Iasi (529), followed by neighboring counties. Age distribution displayed that most of the thyroid cancers were in the range 4060 years old (50.94%), followed by 60–80 years old (32.41%). Most patients were diagnosed with papillary carcinoma 63.10%, then follicular 14.7%, medullary 6.74% and undifferentiated 1.02%. Romania was in the vicinity of the radioactive cloud at Chernobyl fallout, so we must deliberate whether the increased incidence of thyroid cancer in the age group 40–60 years is associated with radiogenicity (iodine 131) given the fact that over has 35 years and the half-life of other radioisotopes like Caesium-137 and Strontium -90 is completed.


2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 175628642110064
Author(s):  
Yinan Zhang ◽  
Amber Salter ◽  
Shan Jin ◽  
William J. Culpepper ◽  
Gary R. Cutter ◽  
...  

Background: Disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) for multiple sclerosis (MS) are approved for their ability to reduce disease activity, namely clinical relapses and signal changes on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Disease activity appears age dependent. Thus, the greatest benefit would be expected in younger people with MS (PwMS) whereas benefits in the elderly are uncertain. Methods: Real-world data were obtained from PwMS from the North American Research Committee on Multiple Sclerosis (NARCOMS) registry and the US Department of Veterans Affairs Multiple Sclerosis Surveillance Registry (MSSR). Results: 6948 PwMS were surveyed from NARCOMS, and the MSSR had 1719 participants. In younger adult PwMS 40-years old or less, 183 (61.4%) in NARCOMS and 179 (70.5%) in the MSSR were prescribed DMTs. Among PwMS over age 60, 1575 (40.1%) in NARCOMS and 239 (36.3%) in the MSSR were prescribed DMTs. More PwMS in the age group of 31–40 ( p = 0.035) and 41–50 ( p = 0.001) in the MSSR were using DMTs compared with PwMS of the same age groups in NARCOMS. Conclusion: These findings suggest that DMTs are under-utilized in the younger population and continue to be commonly prescribed in the elderly. Broader access may explain the higher prescription rate of DMTs in US veterans.


2007 ◽  
Vol 21 (7) ◽  
pp. 431-434 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan E Schultz ◽  
Chris Vinden ◽  
Linda Rabeneck

OBJECTIVE: To conduct a population-based study on the provision of large bowel endoscopic services in Ontario.METHODS: Data from the following databases were analyzed: the Ontario Health Insurance Plan, the Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences Physicians Database and Statistics Canada. The flexible sigmoidoscopy and colonoscopy rates per 10,000 persons (50 to 74 years of age) by region between April 1, 2001, and March 31, 2002, were calculated, as well as the numbers and types of physicians who performed each procedure.RESULTS: In 2001/2002, a total of 172,108 colonoscopies and 43,400 flexible sigmoidoscopies were performed in Ontario for all age groups. The colonoscopy rate was approximately five times that of flexible sigmoidoscopy; rates varied from 463.1 colonoscopies per 10,000 people in the north to 286.8 colonoscopies per 10,000 people in the east. Gastroenterologists in all regions tended to perform more procedures per physician, but because of the large number of general surgeons, the total number of procedures performed by each group was almost the same.CONCLUSION: Population-based rates of colonoscopies and flexible sigmoidoscopies are low in Ontario, as are the procedure volumes of approximately one-quarter of physicians.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xianghui Dong ◽  
ZhanKui Jin ◽  
ZhengMing Sun ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
YanHai Chang ◽  
...  

Abstract Objective We aimed to investigate differences in and trends of normal calcaneal angles among Han Chinese adults from different age groups to establish normal reference ranges of calcaneal angles in these age groups, thereby providing a theoretical basis and morphological reference for the treatment of calcaneal fractures. Methods We collected lateral plain radiographs (X-ray) of the normal ankle joints of 6,260 Han Chinese adults who visited the Radiology Department of Shaanxi Provincial People’s Hospital between November 2008 and December 2020 to measure the calcaneal angles, including the Böhler angle (BA), Gissane angle (GA), calcaneal pitch angle (CPA), posterior facet inclination angle (PFIA), and calcaneal-tibial angle (CTA). On this basis, we analyzed the calcaneal angles in different age groups to summarize the characteristics of normal calcaneal angles in Han Chinese adults. Results According to the lateral plain radiographs of the normal ankle joints of 6,260 (male: 3,380; female: 2,880) adults (mean age: 46.3 ± 18.2 ), the mean values of the BA, GA, CPA, PFIA, and CTA were 33.17° ± 6.08°, 114.99° ± 8.17°, 25.67° ± 4.72°, 64.35° ± 8.51°, and 91.59° ± 11.57°, respectively. Results of the Pearson correlation analysis suggested negative correlations between age and both BA and PFIA (P < 0.01, respectively) but a lack of correlation between age and the GA, CPA or CTA (P > 0.05, respectively). One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the least significant difference (LSD) test showed that at above the age of 18, there were statistically significant differences both in the BA between different age groups and in the PFIA between different age groups above 41 years old. Conclusion In Han Chinese adults, there are significant differences in BA and PFIA between different age groups, with these calcaneal angles exhibiting a trend of decrease with age.


2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Eva Cendon ◽  
John Butcher

This general edition of the journal provides insights and results of research employing a wide range of approaches and perspectives on widening participation and lifelong learning. Studies from across the UK and international sector utilise different methodological approaches, and as such are particularly interesting, with diverse methods and ways of analysis, including phenomenographic, narrative, and thematic analysis. Overall, the articles range from exploratory case studies and small-scale research to wider range and broad scale studies, highlighting different facets and perspectives. Furthermore, the articles in this volume cover a broad spectrum of institutions and places involved in widening participation, with an emphasis on the (higher) education sector in the UK balanced by international perspectives. The first seven empirical articles are based on research activities in a secondary school, a youth centre, in further education colleges (usually focusing on post-compulsory secondary or pre-university education), in so-called post-92 universities (new(er) universities, formerly Polytechnics and teacher training colleges), and last but not least in a research intensive Russell Group university. They reported challenges from the specific local contexts of different regions in England, from the South (Chichester) to London to the North (Carlisle), and can usefully be framed in the context of international discussions appearing later in the journal.


Author(s):  
В. М. Мерабишвили ◽  
В. К. Гуркало ◽  
Э. Н. Мерабишвили

Рак печени (РП) - тяжелейшая онкопатология. В России смертность превышает число первично-учтенных больных в среднем. Ежегодно в России регистрируют более 8 тыс. (8 810 - в 2018 г.) случаев рака печени и более 10 тыс. (10 018 - в 2018 г.) случаев смерти от этой причины. Использованы стандартные методы медицинской статистики, все зарегистрированные первичные случаи РП в России. Углубленная разработка материала проведена на основе базы данных Популяционного ракового регистра Северо-Западного Федерального округа РФ. Проанализированы данные всего комплекса доступной информации в целом по России. Установлен прирост заболеваемости РП населения России за 18 лет в «грубых» показателях и абсолютных числах на 20% и в стандартизованных - на 1,22%. У женщин отмечено снижение учтенных случаев РП на 4,55%. Смертность населения России в стандартизованных показателях снизилась за 18 лет практически на 3%. Превышение числа умерших над заболевшими от РП существенно возрастает в старших возрастных группах. Индекс достоверности учета (ИДУ) - это отношение абсолютных чисел или «грубых» показателей смертности населения к заболеваемости. Для всех злокачественных новообразований (ЗНО) величина в среднем по России составила 0,47, практически совпадающая со среднеевропейской. ИДУ у мужчин - 0,55, выше расчетных показателей для женщин - 0,40, что в первую очередь связано с более благоприятной структурой заболеваемости женщин ЗНО. Медиана выживаемости первичных больных РП составляет немногим более 3 мес. Пятилетняя выживаемость больных РП даже на ранних стадиях составляет у лиц моложе 60 лет с I стадией - 25,3%, старше 60 лет - только 17,2%, со II стадией - 17,9 и 11% соответственно. Liver cancer is a severe oncopathology. Mortality exceeds the number of primary-accounted patients in Russia on average. Every year in Russia more than eight thousand (8 810 in 2018) cases of liver cancer and more than 10 000 (10 018 in 2018) deaths from this cause are registered. Used Standard methods of medical statistics, all registered primary cases of liver cancer in Russia. In-depth development of the material was carried out on the basis of the database of the Population cancer register of the North-Western Federal district of the Russian Federation. The analysis of the data of the whole complex of available information in Russia as a whole is carried out. In-depth data development was carried out on the basis of the database of the Population cancer register of the North-Western Federal district of the Russian Federation. The increase in the incidence of liver cancer in Russia over 18 years in «rough» indicators and absolute numbers by 20 % and in standardized by 1,22 % was established. In women, there was a decrease in reported cases of liver cancer by 4,55 %. The mortality rate of the Russian population in standardized indicators has decreased by almost 3 % over 18 years. The excess of the number of deaths over those from liver cancer increases significantly in older age groups. The index of reliability of accounting is the ratio of absolute numbers or «rough» indicators of mortality to morbidity. For all malignant tumors, its value on average in Russia was 0,47, almost coinciding with the average European. The index of reliability of accounting for men is 0,55, higher than the calculated indicators for women - 0,40, which is primarily due to a more favorable structure of the incidence of malignant tumors in women. The median survival of primary liver cancer patients is a little more than three months. The fi ve-year survival rate of patients with liver cancer even in the early stages is in the first among persons younger than 60 years - 25,3 %, over 60 years - only 17,2 %, in the second, respectively, 17,9 and 11%.


2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (12) ◽  
pp. 728-732
Author(s):  
Inessa Vladislavovna Averyanova

Metabolic disorders (dyslipidemias) are currently crucial since they develop cardiovascular diseases. The work was aimed at studying age dynamics and its correlation with severity of dyslipidemia in basic lipid metabolism variables (in different age groups). Materials and methods: Examinees were Caucasians born and permanently residing in Magadan region: 55 mature men and 147 young men (mean ages were 36.8±0.8 and 18.7±0.8 yr, respectively). Blood serum lipid metabolism was examined by colorimetric and photometric method using AU 680 (Beckman Coulter, USA). Results: The data of obtained lipidogram showed dependence of rise in all indicators on subjective older age with higher percentage of dyslipidemia and increase in calculated indices reflecting degree of the lipid profile atherogenicity. Conclusion: Overall, the North study revealed a safer lipid profile in group of younger men, while biochemical picture of older residents demonstrated increased values. Lipid atherogenicity is a very alarming factor in developing cardiovascular diseases, and a predictor of risks for metabolic syndrome.


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