A Fading Issue or Sinister Plot?

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-85
Author(s):  
David E. Settje
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Belief Systems ◽  
Religious Liberty ◽  
First Century ◽  
Public Realm ◽  
Spiritual Leaders ◽  
Christian Community ◽  
American Christianity ◽  
The Public ◽  
Early Stages

Chapter 2 describes how Christian concern about Watergate gradually built following President Nixon’s reelection in November 1972 and through summer 1973, as Protestants became more involved in politics. Previously held but divergent convictions about Nixon shaped these responses even as a consensus emerged that misbehavior had occurred. As moral and spiritual leaders, Protestants reacted in ways that illustrate their own belief systems and understanding of how to assert their authority. But a nation founded upon religious liberty found a Christian community divided over how and where to profess that power as Watergate unfolded in these early stages. Through remarks about the president, general commentaries, and a debate about Christianity and the public realm, Protestant America conversed about Watergate at a time it grew into an urgent matter. These months saw a slow shift from the relative nonpartisan nature of American Christianity in the mid-twentieth century to the more overt politics of the twenty-first century.

Rewriting or Reaffirming the Canon? Critical Readings of Exhibition History – Editorial

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linda Boersma ◽  
Patrick van Rossem
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Art History ◽  
Public Realm ◽  
The Public ◽  
Artistic Production ◽  
Exhibition History ◽  
History Of Art ◽  
History Of

In 2010, Afterall Publishers launched a series of exhibition histories wholly devoted to the study of landmark exhibitions.[1] The aim was to examine art in the context of its presentation in the public realm. In this way, research into art history shifted from the artistic production of one individual artist to the context of the presentation, and to the position, views, and convictions of the curator. In the introduction to the book, published in 2007 with its contextually pertinent title, Harald Szeemann: Individual Methodology, Florence Derieux stated: “It is now widely accepted that the art history of the second half of the twentieth century is no longer a history of artworks, but a history of exhibitions.”[2] Not everyone agrees with this, however. For example, art historian Julian Myers justifiably criticized this statement when he wrote that the history of art and exhibitions are inextricably linked.

scholarly journals Listening to Advisors: A Conversation About Readers’ Advisory Services, Practice, and Practicing

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (1) ◽  
pp. 2
Author(s):  
Neal Wyatt
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Public Library ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
Late Twentieth ◽  
Book Group ◽  
Reference Tools ◽  
Second Wave ◽  
Late Twentieth Century

As RA service has moved from its second-wave renaissance during the late twentieth century/early twenty-first century (with a steady stream of reference tools, conference programming, and think pieces) into an often underpromoted but bedrock mainstay of the public library, what do advisors continue to discuss among themselves and see as areas of need? If you could gather a handful of advisors together, over a cup of coffee one rainy morning before book group began, what would they talk about? What would they ask each other? What do they know to be foundational about the service? As important, what might they suggest we all re-think? This column invites you to eavesdrop on such a conversation. It was conducted over email between six advisors: two at the start of their careers, two helping to define the field, and two who have lead the way for librarians, for a combined eight decades. These advisors share research, hard-won and lived-in lessons, showcase the luminous nature of RA work as well as its difficulties, propose a change for RA education, and, of course, each suggests a book to read.

Feminism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan James
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Moral Virtue ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Public Realm ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Common Theme ◽  
The Public ◽  
Femininity And Masculinity ◽  
Philosophical Doctrine

Feminism is grounded on the belief that women are oppressed or disadvantaged by comparison with men, and that their oppression is in some way illegitimate or unjustified. Under the umbrella of this general characterization there are, however, many interpretations of women and their oppression, so that it is a mistake to think of feminism as a single philosophical doctrine, or as implying an agreed political programme. Just as there are diverse images of liberation, so there are a number of feminist philosophies, yoked together not so much by their particular claims or prescriptions as by their interest in a common theme. In the earlier phases of feminism, advocates focused largely on the reform of women’s social position, arguing that they should have access to education, work or civil rights. During the latter half of the twentieth century, however, feminists have become increasingly interested in the variety of social practices (including theoretical ones) through which our understandings of femininity and masculinity are created and maintained. As a result, the scope of feminist enquiry has broadened to include, for example, jurisprudence, epistemology and psychoanalysis. Despite its diversity, this work characteristically draws on and grapples with a set of deeply-rooted historical attempts to explain the domination of women. Aristotle’s claim that they are mutilated males, together with the biblical account of the sin of Eve, gave rise to an authoritative tradition in which the weakness, irrationality and ineducability of women, the inconstancy, inability to control their emotions and lack of moral virtue, were all regularly cited and assumed as grounds for controlling them and excluding them from the public realm.

Feminism

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan James
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Civil Rights ◽  
Moral Virtue ◽  
Social Practices ◽  
Public Realm ◽  
Access To Education ◽  
Common Theme ◽  
The Public ◽  
Femininity And Masculinity ◽  
Philosophical Doctrine

Feminism is grounded on the belief that women are oppressed or disadvantaged by comparison with men, and that their oppression is in some way illegitimate or unjustified. Under the umbrella of this general characterization there are, however, many interpretations of women and their oppression, so that it is a mistake to think of feminism as a single philosophical doctrine, or as implying an agreed political programme. Just as there are diverse images of liberation, so there are a number of feminist philosophies, yoked together not so much by their particular claims or prescriptions as by their interest in a common theme. In the earlier phases of feminism, advocates focused largely on the reform of women’s social position, arguing that they should have access to education, work or civil rights. During the latter half of the twentieth century, however, feminists have become increasingly interested in the variety of social practices (including theoretical ones) through which our understandings of femininity and masculinity are created and maintained. As a result, the scope of feminist enquiry has broadened to include, for example, jurisprudence, epistemology and psychoanalysis. Despite its diversity, this work characteristically draws on and grapples with a set of deeply-rooted historical attempts to explain the domination of women. Aristotle’s claim that they are mutilated males, together with the biblical account of the sin of Eve, gave rise to an authoritative tradition in which the weakness, irrationality and ineducability of women, the inconstancy, inability to control their emotions and lack of moral virtue, were all regularly cited and assumed as grounds for controlling them and excluding them from the public realm.

The Future of the Public Company

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian R. Cheffins
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
Public Company ◽  
The Future ◽  
Twenty First Century

The seventh and concluding chapter of The Public Company Transformed extrapolates from trends the previous chapters have identified to speculate on the future trajectory of the public company. Salient developments from the 2010s are taken into account, with particular emphasis being placed on those implying a path different from what would be anticipated given events occurring from the mid-twentieth century through to the opening decade of the twenty-first century. This chapter argues radical departures from present day arrangements are unlikely any time soon. For instance, recent predictions of the imminent demise of the public company appear to be wide of the mark. That means the transformation of the public company the book has described should end up being part of a larger story yet to be written rather than being a public company epitaph.

6. Parliament: The Best of Times, the Worst of Times?

2019 ◽  
pp. 157-187
Author(s):  
Philip Norton
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
First Century ◽  
House Of Commons ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
Twenty First Century ◽  
Over Time

Parliament fulfils functions that are long-standing, but its relationship to government has changed over time. It has been criticized for weakness in scrutinizing legislation, holding government to account, and voicing the concerns of the people. Despite changes in both Houses in the twentieth century, the criticisms have persisted and in some areas Parliament has seen a constriction in its scope for decision-making. The twenty-first century has seen significant steps that have strengthened both Houses in carrying out their functions, the House of Commons in particular acquiring new powers. Members of both Houses have proved willing to challenge government. It remains a policy-influencing legislature, but a stronger one than in the preceding century. While strengthening its position in relation to the executive, it has faced major challenges in its relationship to the public. It has seen a greater openness in contact with citizens, but has had to contend with popular dissatisfaction and declining levels of trust.

‘Fine contrary excess’: Seamus Heaney, Derek Mahon and Thomas’s Northern Irish Afterlives

2019 ◽  
pp. 215-232
Author(s):  
Tom Walker
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
James Joyce ◽  
Literary Culture ◽  
Irish Literature ◽  
Public Realm ◽  
Seamus Heaney ◽  
Northern Irish ◽  
The Public ◽  
Irish Poetry ◽  
The Impact

Dylan Thomas’s work is indebted in many ways to the two giants of early twentieth-century Irish literature, W. B. Yeats and James Joyce, as many critics have acknowledged. Yet Thomas’s work has also left legacies of its own within subsequent Irish writing. As Seamus Heaney commented in his 1993 Oxford Professor of Poetry lecture on Thomas, the Welsh poet was a key ‘part of the initiation’ of his postwar ‘11+ generation into literary culture’, not only through his books but also through his broadcasts and recordings. This chapter argues that within modern Irish poetry, and especially Northern Irish poetry, not least against the backdrop of the failures of the Northern Irish political status quo, Thomas’s work has helped to open up an alternate and less restrictive sense of the poet’s place in relation to the public realm. The impact of Thomas’s adolescent notebook mining and poetic responses to war, as well as the whimsy of his prose and radio work, are traced in this chapter, especially in relation to the work of Heaney and Derek Mahon.

Robot Imams!

2019 ◽  
pp. 438-455
Author(s):  
Eve McPherson
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Sound Quality ◽  
Religious Practice ◽  
First Century ◽  
Turkish Republic ◽  
The Public ◽  
Early Twenty ◽  
History Of ◽  
Call To Prayer ◽  
Turkish Language

Since the beginning of the twentieth century and the establishment of the modern Turkish Republic, the Islamic call to prayer in Turkey has occupied a controversial space, sonically and culturally. Early on, the new Republic attempted to “Turkicize” the call by legally mandating Turkish language recitation, a practice that was maintained for nearly twenty years despite strong popular opposition. Although this particular practice ended in 1950, the call to prayer has continued to engender controversy. One of the more recent debates has grown out of the practice of centralization. Call to prayer centralization refers to broadcasting one muezzin, or caller, from one mosque to other area mosques in an effort to diminish “cacophony” and regulate the sound quality, ostensibly to beautify the call and make it more clearly audible. Although the goals of the centralization program have been to improve the sound quality and distribution of the call, opponents of the program have voiced concerns. Such concerns include the loss of mosque “personalities” and the possible substitution of recordings for live recitation, an especially worrisome prospect in the context of a religious practice that considers live human recitation a direct conduit to the divine. This chapter examines the early twenty-first-century history of centralization and how its implementation fits into the continuing dialogue on the public declaration of faith in the context of a politically secular republic, thus contributing to studies on the use and mediation of public sonic space.

Women, economy, war

2010 ◽  
Vol 92 (877) ◽  
pp. 161-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Nordstrom
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Political Violence ◽  
Informal Economy ◽  
First Century ◽  
Vanishing Points ◽  
Trade Networks ◽  
The Public ◽  
Informal Economies ◽  
Victims Of Violence

AbstractPolitical violence amplifies contemporary trends occurring worldwide in the twenty-first century: globalization, an increasing reliance on the informal economy, a shift from twentieth-century manufacturing to resource and labour wildcatting, and the growth of complex international extra-legal trade networks. Women are central to all of these, though their roles both as leaders of development and victims of violence are often overlooked in mainstream analyses. To explain these invisibilities, this article introduces the concept of vanishing points – places where formal analyses and policy effectively cease, such as the dividing lines between formal and informal economies, and the violence associated with controlling extra-legal profits that is effectively invisible to the public at large. The realities of women's work amid political violence and postwar development, and across the spectrum of in/formality are explored. The conclusions serve to challenge established notions of power, profit, and economy, and the role of gender within these.

Bobs and the “Character of Our Citizenship”

2019 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 42-63
Author(s):  
Leah Payne
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Middle Class ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Public Life ◽  
First Century ◽  
The Public ◽  
White Middle Class ◽  
The World ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Twenty First Century

Many view the twenty-first-century white Pentecostal-charismatic rejection of feminism, and enthusiasm for self-professed harasser of women, Donald J. Trump, as a departure from the movement’s late nineteenth- and early twentieth-century origins wherein many Pentecostal-charismatic women were welcomed into the public office of the ministry. Early Pentecostal writings, however, demonstrate that twenty-first-century white Pentecostal orientations toward women in public life are based in the movement’s early theological notions that women must uphold the American home, “rightly” ordered according to traditionally conservative, white, middle-class norms. An America wherein women work and minister primarily in the domicile, according to early white Pentecostals, would be a powerful instrument of God in the world. Thus, no matter how transgressive they may have appeared when it came to women speaking from the pulpit, for the most part, white Pentecostals sought to conserve the traditional social order of the home.

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