Conclusion

2018 ◽  
pp. 219-226
Author(s):  
Dixa Ramírez
Keyword(s):  
Third Space ◽  
Short Film ◽  
The Difference

This epilogue offers a brief synopsis of each previous chapter and the overall arguments of the book. It also ponders how subaltern subjects, before the democratization of who can record and disseminate their worldview, refused or in some way manipulated the interpellating, imperial gaze. Though most of the book is concerned with how Dominican subjects negotiate being ghosted from various Western imaginaries, the epilogue considers the power of not being legible and not being recorded for posterity. It considers a short film and a photograph to muse on the difference between being recognized as a full human and as a citizen subject with full rights and being surveilled and quantified. I argue that the short film—which advertises a designer brand— and a rare 1904 photograph of a young Dominican girl, show a third space in which subaltern subjects were recorded as they refused the label of Otherness.

Ronald Coase and the Difference between Markets and Firms

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abraham A. Singer
Keyword(s):  
Transaction Cost ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Transaction Cost Economics ◽  
Theory Of The Firm ◽  
Tabular Form ◽  
Specific Investment ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Marginal Revolution ◽  
The Way

This chapter reviews the development of transaction cost economics and unpacks its theory of the firm. The chapter begins with the marginal revolution in economics and how it altered the way economists understood the corporation. It then reviews the work of Ronald Coase and Oliver Williamson, explaining how they provided a novel account of firms. Transaction cost economics emphasizes how firms use hierarchy and bureaucracy to overcome problems of opportunism and asset-specific investment to coordinate some types of economic activity more efficiently than markets can. The transaction cost account of the corporation’s productivity component is shown in tabular form in comparison with its historical forerunners reviewed in the previous chapter.

Chinese restaurant employees’ perceptions of their nationals abroad: a comparative study

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 205-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Omar Moufakkir ◽  
Yvette Reisinger
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Cultural Distance ◽  
Third Space ◽  
Service Encounter ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Chinese Restaurant ◽  
Cultural Proximity ◽  
Restaurant Employees ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Service Gap

Purpose This study aims to further an understanding of hospitality employees’ perceptions of their customers in the context of service encounter by utilizing the concepts of contact hypothesis and cultural distance in a multi-ethnic environment. The study compares perceptions of Chinese immigrants working in restaurants of their British patrons (from a remote culture) and Chinese patrons (from a proximate culture). The service encounter takes place in the London Chinatown. The dynamics of Chinatown as a “third space” adds complexity to service encounter and employee perceptions. Design/methodology/approach A self-administered questionnaire was distributed to 118 Chinese restaurant employees in the Soho area of the London Chinatown. Perception questions were based on interviews undertaken in an earlier phase of the research. A paired t-test was run to identify significant differences in the Chinese restaurant employees’ perceptions of the Chinese and British patrons. Discriminant analysis was performed to determine which perception variables discriminated the most between the two patron groups. Findings Despite cultural proximity, the perceptions held by Chinese restaurant employees of their nationals were negative compared to the perceptions of British patrons. Out of 16, in 15 areas of measurement, there were significant differences in the Chinese restaurant employees’ perceptions’ of their Chinese and British guests. Six variables that discriminated the most between the two groups of guests were no tips, not polite, loud, no compliment, messy and demanding. Research limitations/implications Research in ethnic and minority quarters, such as Chinatown in London, may suffer from “recall bias”, or in this case from making the difference between customer groups. Also, the Chinese are not a homogeneous group. For example, despite cultural similarity with mainstream culture, cultural and behavioral characteristics may exist between residents from the South, North and Hong Kong. Practical implications The cultural diversity of the industry’s employees necessitates managing cultural diversity effectively, especially in the sectors that rely heavily on guest–employee interaction. Perceptions affect attitudes and behavior. Training programs about perception and its roots may bridge the service gap in high-contact service encounters. Originality/value This study provides a ground for future empirical research into understanding the immigrant employees’ perceptions of their guests, nationals versus non-nationals and the ways for improving these perceptions. Taking the example of Chinatown as a dynamic “third space” is another approach to understanding the effects of “ethnoscape” on encounters in a more globalized village.

scholarly journals Hamlet and Pluralism: A Postmodernist Metaphor

2019 ◽  
Vol IV (III) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ayub Jajja
Keyword(s):  
Third Space ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Dominant Ideology ◽  
Multiple Alternative ◽  
Universal Truth ◽  
The Difference

The present study means to investigate Hamlet in the light of postmodernist-Deconstructive theoretical framework. The play seems to reinforce the overarching dominant patriarchal meta-narrative, with supposed unitary voice and unified identities. The current reading means to show that the play is a metaphor of postmodernism with pluralistic subjectivities, multiple alternative micronarrative voices. It manifests the postmodernist notion of subjective, personal and local truth, against the idea of universal truth and reality. Its major features are self-difference, undecidability, and uncertainty. The regimes of truth in the form of dominant ideology are challenged, deconstructed and undermined, creating a zone of the postmodern condition of reality and truth as the effect of power and rhetoric. The postmodern condition does not push for the replacement of one totality with another. It creates a third space of pluralism, where all the voices are disjoined in a zone of the difference without hierarchy.

The Rocks Change Shape: Folds, Faults, and Joints

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Maltman
Keyword(s):  
San Andreas Fault ◽  
Geological Structures ◽  
Glacial Ice ◽  
San Andreas ◽  
Geological Features ◽  
The World ◽  
Geological Faults ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Good Analogy

You may have looked at some rocky cliff and noticed sedimentary strata bent into huge curves, the shapes that geologists call folds. You may even have heard of terms like anticline and syncline. Almost certainly you will have heard of geological faults: the San Andreas Fault in California must be one of the best-known geological features there is. They are all examples of what geologists call geological structures. They can affect vineyards, and the names of examples appear around the world on wine labels. So how do these structures come about, and what decides whether rocks make folds or faults? We introduced the concept of tectonic stresses in the previous chapter. We learned that because they act in a particular direction they can induce foliations within metamorphic rocks, but of relevance here is that they can also cause rocks to change their overall shape. That is, the rocks deform, which gives rise to various geological structures. Any solid matter (unlike a liquid) that feels stresses, of whatever origin, will resist them up to a point before it starts to change shape. That point is what defines the strength of the material. The same principles apply when stresses are applied to a sediment or a soil, though rocks, with their constituent minerals firmly bonded together, resist much greater levels of stress before they deform. As one wag put it, the difference between a rock and a soil is that when you kick them a rock hurts your foot . . . So, focusing in on rocks, we see two ways in which they can deform: by flow and by fracture. Looking ahead to where this is going to lead, it’s flow that gives rise to folds, and faults result from fracture. A good analogy for the flow of rocks is glacial ice. The ice is solid to us, but given time, it can flow, to give the “river of ice” that is a glacier. If you leave a ball of silicone putty on a table top, after a few days it will have flowed, while still being a solid, to make a pool.

On needs and knowledge: Sarit’s story

Radical Hope ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 105-122
Author(s):  
Michal Krumer-Nevo
Keyword(s):  
Social Workers ◽  
Life Story ◽  
Single Mother ◽  
Basic Needs ◽  
Close Reading ◽  
Service Users ◽  
Hierarchy Of Needs ◽  
The Difference

Following the introduction of the concept of recognition in the previous chapter, this chapter focuses on the recognition of service users’ needs and knowledge. The chapter presents the difference between “voice” and knowledge and urges social workers to listen to service users and relate to them as having valuable knowledge regarding their lives and society. In addition, the chapter argues that Maslow’s popular hierarchy of needs reduces the humanity of people in poverty, whose basic needs are often not fulfilled. The chapter exemplifies the recognition of service users’ needs and knowledge through a close reading of the life story of Sarit, a 23-year-old single mother of three.

Schema

2020 ◽  
pp. 79-98
Author(s):  
Margaret H. Freeman
Keyword(s):  
Motor Function ◽  
Emily Dickinson ◽  
The Self ◽  
Elizabeth Bishop ◽  
Robert Frost ◽  
Sensory Motor ◽  
Li Bai ◽  
The Difference

The self is more than we consciously know. Neural and bodily processes of sensory experience, motor function, and emotive forces bind together to create the unity that is both the preconscious and conscious self. These sensate elements are governed by embodied schemata, a level of organization that binds subliminal sensory-motor-emotive processes with conceptual awareness in correlation with the worlds of our experience. Schemata internally structure metaphor by isomorphically creating correlations between its domains. The chapter first discusses the difference between the role of schemata that operate in everyday activities and behaviors and their role in the poetic arts. It shows how schemata bind the sensate elements of cognitive metaphoring in creating a poem as icon by revisiting Sylvia Plath’s poem discussed in the previous chapter, and two further poems by Li Bai and Elizabeth Bishop. The chapter ends by showing how schemata define the different poetics of Emily Dickinson and Robert Frost.

Educational Informatics Systems

2011 ◽  
pp. 293-325
Author(s):  
Nigel Ford
Keyword(s):  
Learning Communities ◽  
Knowledge Creation ◽  
Learning Resources ◽  
Community Based ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Difference

This chapter concentrates on a number of educational informatics systems that focus explicitly on social, collaborative, and community-based aspects of learning. These aspects arguably align better with the social and knowledge creation perspectives on learning introduced in Chapter III. In some ways, the systems presented here bring into relief some of the limitations of the relatively individual-focused approaches introduced in the previous chapter. Ultimately, however, educational informatics is essentially a social collaborative enterprise, since one of its key defining features is a concern with the discovery, sharing and reuse of learning resources within and between learning communities. The difference between systems included in this and the previous chapter is relative rather than absolute, relating to the degree of emphasis on collaborative features built into the systems.

Urine Specific Gravity As an Indicator of Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1986 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 1173-1173
Author(s):  
MARY JO STINE ◽  
HOWARD HARRIS
Keyword(s):  
Specific Gravity ◽  
Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care ◽  
Third Space ◽  
Urine Specific Gravity ◽  
Neonatal Intensive Care Units ◽  
Routine Test ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Neonatal Necrotizing Enterocolitis ◽  
Fluid Losses

To the Editor.— We have noted a large increase in urine specific gravity at the onset of necrotizing enterocolitis in many of our premature newborns. A statistical review of 27 cases of necrotizing enterocolitis at our institution has confirmed a significant increase (P < .0001) in urine specific gravity associated with this disease. The difference persisted despite correction for glucosuria. The increase in urine specific gravity is probably secondary to third-space fluid losses in the gastrointestinal tract.1 Urine specific gravity is a routine test in most neonatal intensive care units.

A Preferences-Based Approach to Subjective Probability Estimation

2013 ◽  
pp. 146-160
Keyword(s):  
Stochastic Programming ◽  
Subjective Probability ◽  
Utility Theory ◽  
Measurement Theory ◽  
Probability Estimation ◽  
Stochastic Methods ◽  
Subjective Probabilities ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Difference

Following the ideas of professor Raiffa, we can have the same attitude toward the subjective probabilities as with the objective probabilities, and we can use them freely in the theoretical constructions of the von Newman Utility theory. This is the subject of the chapter, evaluation of the subjective probability with the use of the stochastic programming. The probability is measured in an absolute scale in the context of the probability and measurement theory. Because of this, we can use the gambling approach to estimate the DM’s subjective probability as in the utility evaluations. Once again the authors solve the problem of best separation by using stochastic methods of the sets Au* and Bu*, (Au*nBu*)?Ø)). The difference with the previous chapter is that now they seek the existence of number (p), and not of function. This makes the problem easier to solve. However, the question remains the same, elimination of errors and uncertainty, and the way this is achieved in the stochastic programming.

The Origin of the Moon

1962 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 149-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. L. Ruskol
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Solar System ◽  
The Moon ◽  
The Earth ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Origin Of The Moon

The difference between average densities of the Moon and Earth was interpreted in the preceding report by Professor H. Urey as indicating a difference in their chemical composition. Therefore, Urey assumes the Moon's formation to have taken place far away from the Earth, under conditions differing substantially from the conditions of Earth's formation. In such a case, the Earth should have captured the Moon. As is admitted by Professor Urey himself, such a capture is a very improbable event. In addition, an assumption that the “lunar” dimensions were representative of protoplanetary bodies in the entire solar system encounters great difficulties.

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