scholarly journals Influence of agricultural cultivation techniques on the quality of milk thistle fruits

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
T. V. Kilyanova ◽  
S. N. Nemtsev
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Chernozem Soils ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Cultivation Techniques

Relevance. The research is aimed at developing elements of technology for cultivating milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.). Such elements as the timing and methods of sowing, the seeding rate, and weed control measures are presented here. The research was carried out on leached Chernozem soils of the Middle Volga region in a temperate continental climate.Results. The effectiveness of early spring ordinary crops, allowing to increase the content of oil– up to 33%, protein – up to 16%, was established. The methods used allow to increase the oil harvest from 1 ha by an average of 14%, in comparison with wide-row sowing, which is a significant indicator in the cultivation of the crop. The use of agrotechnical methods of weed control provided an increase in the yield of milk thistle seeds by an average of 0.16 t/ha, in comparison with the control.

scholarly journals Evaluation of grass mixtures of a lawn type in the conditions of forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 706-714
Author(s):  
O. A. Timoshkin ◽  
O. Yu. Timoshkina ◽  
E. V. Timoshchuk
Keyword(s):  
Comprehensive Assessment ◽  
Projective Cover ◽  
Volga Region ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Meadow Fescue ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Middle Volga

In 2019-2020, the quality of lawn-type grass mixtures based on creeping clover (Trifolium repens L.), meadow fescue (Festuca pratensis), pasture ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and meadow bluegrass (Poa pratensis) was evaluated in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga region (Penza region). The studied factors are the composition of the mixtures (creeping clover + bluegrass component), the seeding rates of the components (40 + 70 %; 55 + 55 %; 70 + 40 %) and the background of mineral nutrition (without fertilizers, P45K45, N30P45K45). The growing season during the years of research was characterized by arid conditions, the hydrothermal coefficient (HTC) for the period May-September in 2019 was 0.79, in 2020 - 0.76. On average, over two years of grass mixtures of creeping clover with meadow bluegrass at a seeding rate of 40 + 70 % and 70 + 40 % (from the seeding rate in pure form), creeping clover with meadow fescue with a seeding rate of 70 + 40 % components at all doses of mineral fertilizers had the highest comprehensive assessment of the quality of the lawn. The grass mixtures of creeping clover with meadow bluegrass (70 + 40 %) and creeping clover with meadow fescue (70 + 40 %) against the background of application of N30P45K45 had the maximum indicators in terms of herbage density (1425 and 1475 pcs/m2), which significantly exceeded the control and the variant with the introduction of Р45К45. In these variants, the highest indicators of projective cover (97.5 %) and a comprehensive assessment of "excellent" and "highest quality". According to weediness, the crops were estimated at 1 point (slightly weedy), per 1 m2 of annual and biennial weeds there were 24-27 pcs., rhizome weeds - less than 10 pcs. per 1 m2, the area of weed projective cover did not exceed 5 %.

Analysis on Key Points of Cultivation Techniques for Medicinal Flower and Fruit Plants

2014 ◽  
Vol 472 ◽  
pp. 820-823
Author(s):  
Hui Jing Deng ◽  
Yun Zhou Li
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Control Factors ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Key Points ◽  
Cultivated Species ◽  
Fruit Plants ◽  
Cultivation Techniques ◽  
And Control

Among medicinal plants, flower and fruit plants take up a large proportion. This paper analyses ecological environment conditions such as temperature, light, water and soil nutrients having influence on growth of these kinds of medicinal plants. Furthermore, it discusses the relationships among three dormancy regulation and control factors i.e. bud and branch, underground and overground, and reproductive growth and vegetative growth. Lastly, it summarizes technical points of cultivation and management of these kinds of medicinal plants and key control measures, which provide significant theoretical basis for the improvement of yield and quality of these kinds of medicinal plants and the change from wild species to cultivated species.

scholarly journals Tolerance of Seashore Paspalum Cultivars to Preemergence Herbicides

1998 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-78
Author(s):  
B. Jack Johnson ◽  
Ronny R. Duncan
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Normal Rate ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Water Dispersible ◽  
Paspalum Vaginatum ◽  
Trade Names ◽  
Preemergence Herbicides

Abstract The efficacy of preemergence herbicides among seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) cultivars used for summer annual weed control is limited. No differences were found in turfgrass tolerance among four paspalum cultivars from preemergence herbicides during 1996 and 1997 at Griffin, GA. The tolerance of paspalum turfgrass was good when treated with Ronstar (oxadiazon) at rates ≤ 10.1 kg/ha (9.0 lb/A), pendimethalin (various trade names, water-dispersible granules) or Barricade (prodiamine) at recommended rates [3.4 kg/ha (3.0 lb/A) and 0.8 kg/ha (0.7 lb/A), respectively]. When rates of these herbicides were increased to three times recommended, 15% injury was noted. During May 1996, Dimension (dithiopyr) injured the turf 12% when applied at the normal rate [0.6 kg/ha (0.5 lb/A)], but the injury was 35% in plots treated with three times recommended. Dimension did not cause any injury in 1997. Surflan (oryzalin) at 3.4 kg/ha (3.0 lb/A) and XL (benefin + oryzalin) at 3.4 kg/ha (3.0 lb/A) caused a maximum of 26% and 20% injury, respectively, when applied at the recommended rates. Maximum injury ranged from 48% for Surflan and 38% for XL when applied to plots at the three times recommended. The quality of PI 509018-1, SIPV-2, and AP-10 was generally higher than Adalayd from early spring until late August both years.

scholarly journals Biological spectrum of the weed flora in the Vrsac vineyards (Serbia)

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-113
Author(s):  
Ana Andjelkovic ◽  
Dragana Marisavljevic ◽  
Dusanka Cvijanovic ◽  
Snezana Radulovic ◽  
Danijela Pavlovic
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
Biological Spectrum ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control

Agrotechnical measures are the main factor defining the vineyard weed flora structure and composition, while adequate weed control measures simultaneously ensure that vineyards are being well-managed, thus securing good grapevine health and high quality of wine. Given that the biological spectrum of weeds affects the choice of weed control measures, the aim of this study was to determine the biological properties of the weed flora in Vrsac vineyards, by assessing dominant life forms and phenology of the identified weeds. The floristic analysis was conducted during the 2016 vegetation season (March-November) at 60 plots (1 m2), at three field sites. The presence of 97 plant taxa, belonging to 26 families, was determined. The biological spectrum of the vineyards weed flora has shown a thero?phyto-hemicryptophyte character (therophytes: 57.73% and hemicryptophytes: 34.02%). The scapose herbaceous plants with summer-flowering phenology were dominant within the therophytes and hemicryptophytes. The obtained results have shown a higher weed diversity in vineyards, when compared to previous research of the weed flora in the study area, but similar to more recent studies conducted in the neighbouring countries. Furthermore, the dominant presence of therophytes in the vineyard weed flora was expected, bearing in mind the primarily mechanical weed control measures traditionally applied in vineyards.

scholarly journals CHANGES IN SEED PRODUCTIVITY OF ECHINACEA PURPUREA DEPENDING ON THE SOWING TERMS AND THE METHOD OF WEED CONTROL

2020 ◽  
pp. 17-23
Author(s):  
В.А. Гущина ◽  
Е.О. Никольская ◽  
Н.Ю. Лобанова
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Research Result ◽  
Echinacea Purpurea ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Seed Productivity ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Spring Sowing

Для производства высококачественного фармацевтического растительного сырья необходимо плантационное выращивание лекарственных растений. Однако, это сдерживается ограниченным количеством семян. Одним из главных показателей при оценке успешности внедрения культуры в производство является семенная продуктивность. Поэтому целью исследований является разработка элементов технологии возделывания эхинацеи пурпурной на семена, обеспечивающих оптимальную реализацию потенциала её продуктивности в условиях лесостепи Среднего Поволжья. Экспериментальная работа проведена на черноземно-луговой почве опытного участка ФГБОУ ВО Пензенский ГАУ в 2014…2018 гг. где при подзимнем и ранневесеннем посевах эхинацеи пурпурной изучали различные способы ее защиты от сорного компонента. В результате исследований установлено, что эффект последействия сроков посева и способов борьбы с сорняками сохранился и на второй год жизни. В среднем за три года в первый год пользования эхинацеи на квадратном метре развивается 28…38 генеративных побега, на каждом из которых формируется 366…484 семянки с массой 1,39…1,68 г и выполненностью 74…84 %. Наиболее оптимальные условия для завязываемости семян складываются как на подзимнем посеве, так и на ранневесеннем при ручном удалении сорняков, трехкратной междурядной обработке и внесении гербицида Лазурит СП до всходов эхинацеи с последующей прополкой препаратом Миура в фазе 2-4 листьев сорняков. Урожайность семян при посеве осенью составила 642,3 кг/га, 598,7 и 644 кг/га соответственно. На весенних посевах она на 16…19 % ниже. Таким образом, изучаемые приемы технологии возделывания эхинацеи пурпурной позволяют формировать высокую урожайность качественных семян. To produce high-quality pharmaceutical plant raw materials, the plantation cultivation of medicinal plants is necessary. However, this is finite because of a limited number of seeds. One of the main indicators for evaluating the success of introducing a crop into production is seed productivity. Therefore, the aim of the research is to develop the cultivation technology elements of Echinacea purpurea for seeds that ensure the optimal realization of its productivity potential in the conditions of the forest-steppe of the Middle Volga Region. Experimental work was carried out on the meadow chernozemic soil of the experimental field of the FSBEI of Higher Education "Penza State Agrarian University" in 2014...2018. During the winter and early spring sowing of Echinacea purpurea, various ways of protecting it from the weed component were studied. As a research result, it was found that the effect of the aftereffect of sowing dates and methods of weed control also remained in the second year of plant life. On average for three years, in the first year of planting Echinacea 28...38 generative shoots develop per square meter, each of which forms 366...484 achenes with a mass of 1.39...1.68 g and the plumpness rate of 74...84 %. The most optimal conditions for seed setting are formed both in early winter sowing and early spring one with manual removal of weeds, three-time row-to-row processing and application of the herbicide Lazurit SP before Echinacea seedlings' appearance, followed by weeding with Miura in the phase 2-4 leaves of the weed. The yield of seeds, sown in autumn, counted 642.3 kg/ha, 598.7 and 644 kg/ha, respectively. In spring sowing, it was 16...19 % lower. Thus, the studied techniques of cultivation of Echinacea purpurea allow forming a high yield of high-quality seeds.

scholarly journals Milk productivity and milk quality when feeding cows with silostan-containing haylage

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 00007
Author(s):  
Sergey V. Karamaev ◽  
Anna S. Karamaeva ◽  
Khaidar Z. Valitov ◽  
Natalya V. Soboleva ◽  
Larisa N. Bakaeva
Keyword(s):  
Dry Matter ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Bean Crop

In the Middle Volga region, alfalfa is the most widely used bean fodder. In recent years, one more bean crop is used – Fodder galega. The main disadvantage of almost all legumes is low sugar content and poor haylage making abilities. To eliminate this drawback, the biological product “Silostan” was developed. It is used as a preservative. The aim of the work is to study the effect of alfalfa and Fodder galega haylage made using the bio-preservative “Silostan” on milk production and quality of milk of black and white Samara cows. The use of Silostan increased the dry matter content by 5.2 and 4.5, ECE – by 12.8 and 17.5%, and digestible protein – by 27.1 and 15, 5%. The digestibility of dry matter increased – by 3.85 and 4.38%, crude protein – by 5.68 and 5.42%, crude fat– by 4.26 and 5.26%, crude fiber by 3.86 and 4.07%. The use of haylage with bio-preservatives increased the yield of cows for 305 days of lactation by 14.6 and 16.5%. The MFF increased by 0.05 and 0.06%, MFP – by 0.07 and 0.09%, respectively. The technological properties of milk improved, the milk consumption per 1 kg of ripened cheese decreased by 4.9 and 11.2%.

ROW WIDTH AND SEEDING RATE IN RELATION TO SEED PRODUCTION IN TIMOTHY, Phleum pratense L.

1961 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 549-558
Author(s):  
R. S. Fulkerson ◽  
W. E. Tossell
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Phleum Pratense ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Weight Percentage ◽  
Row Width ◽  
Spike Number

Row widths of 14, 21, 28 and 35 inches gave similar seed yields, out-yielding the 7-inch row width by 109 pounds per acre over a 4-year period. Row width had only minor effects on seed quality measured by seed weight, percentage of seed that established normal seedlings in soil and early seedling height. Rows 21 inches and wider required weed control measures. Based on seed yield, seed quality and weed control, the 14-inch row spacing was superior.Seeding rates of 2.5, 5, 7.5 and 10 pounds per acre had no important effects on seed yield or seed quality. Of the three yield components studied – spike number, spike length and seed weight – only the last two were correlated with seed yield. Spike number was not related to seed yield in any of the 3 years in which it was studied but may have been important in determining differences among years in seed yield. None of the indices of seed quality was related closely to seed yield.

scholarly journals A Comparison of Seeding Rate, Spacing, and Weed Control Methods in the Virginia Tech Transplanted Meadow

1997 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-41
Author(s):  
Richard L. Harkess ◽  
Robert E. Lyons
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Light Transmission ◽  
Plant Competition ◽  
Virginia Tech ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Floral Display ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seed Rate ◽  
Plant Stand

Combinations of seeding rate, spacing, and weed control treatments were evaluated for their effect on the performance of the Virginia Tech transplanted meadow technique. The treatments consisted of seeding at 112 or 56 g·90 m−2; within-row transplant spacing of 30, 45, or 60 cm; and mulching, oryzalin application, or no weed control measures. Plant competition alone was insufficient, whereas oryzalin was the most effective for weed control but also reduced the plant stand and floral display. Mulch provided effective weed control with maximum floral display. Close transplant spacing within rows resulted in quick site coverage initially, but this advantage disappeared after 8 weeks compared to wider spacing. Seeding rate did not affect site coverage until the meadow reached maturity at 12 weeks. The lower seed rate allowed more lodging, resulting in a more open appearance and greater canopy light transmission. Chemical name used: 4-(dipropylamino)-3,5-dinitrobenzenesulfonamide (oryzalin).

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