scholarly journals Biological spectrum of the weed flora in the Vrsac vineyards (Serbia)

2020 ◽  
pp. 101-113
Author(s):  
Ana Andjelkovic ◽  
Dragana Marisavljevic ◽  
Dusanka Cvijanovic ◽  
Snezana Radulovic ◽  
Danijela Pavlovic
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Flowering Phenology ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Weed Flora ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
Biological Spectrum ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control

Agrotechnical measures are the main factor defining the vineyard weed flora structure and composition, while adequate weed control measures simultaneously ensure that vineyards are being well-managed, thus securing good grapevine health and high quality of wine. Given that the biological spectrum of weeds affects the choice of weed control measures, the aim of this study was to determine the biological properties of the weed flora in Vrsac vineyards, by assessing dominant life forms and phenology of the identified weeds. The floristic analysis was conducted during the 2016 vegetation season (March-November) at 60 plots (1 m2), at three field sites. The presence of 97 plant taxa, belonging to 26 families, was determined. The biological spectrum of the vineyards weed flora has shown a thero?phyto-hemicryptophyte character (therophytes: 57.73% and hemicryptophytes: 34.02%). The scapose herbaceous plants with summer-flowering phenology were dominant within the therophytes and hemicryptophytes. The obtained results have shown a higher weed diversity in vineyards, when compared to previous research of the weed flora in the study area, but similar to more recent studies conducted in the neighbouring countries. Furthermore, the dominant presence of therophytes in the vineyard weed flora was expected, bearing in mind the primarily mechanical weed control measures traditionally applied in vineyards.

Machine thinning of sugar beet: field trials with chemical and mechanical weed control

1966 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. F. Hanbury ◽  
G. L. Maughan
Keyword(s):  
Sugar Beet ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Potential Yield ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Large Scale Field ◽  
Commercial Yield ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control

Large-scale field trials in sugar beet were undertaken between 1961 and 1963 to examine the effects of chemical or mechanical weed control followed by machine thinning in terms of labour economy and yield of the crop. The seedling populations were left untrimmed by hand and, where the weed-control measures were completely effective or nearly so, the crops were left unweeded. Yield samples were taken both by hand and by machine so that the potential yield as well as the likely commercial yield might be determined. The chemical and mechanical methods that were studied saved about 75% of the normal labour demand and gave root yields 91.5% of those following hand work.

scholarly journals Influence of agricultural cultivation techniques on the quality of milk thistle fruits

2021 ◽  
pp. 74-78
Author(s):  
T. V. Kilyanova ◽  
S. N. Nemtsev
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Milk Thistle ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Middle Volga Region ◽  
Chernozem Soils ◽  
Quality Of Milk ◽  
Cultivation Techniques

Relevance. The research is aimed at developing elements of technology for cultivating milk thistle (Silybum marianum (L.) Gaertn.). Such elements as the timing and methods of sowing, the seeding rate, and weed control measures are presented here. The research was carried out on leached Chernozem soils of the Middle Volga region in a temperate continental climate.Results. The effectiveness of early spring ordinary crops, allowing to increase the content of oil– up to 33%, protein – up to 16%, was established. The methods used allow to increase the oil harvest from 1 ha by an average of 14%, in comparison with wide-row sowing, which is a significant indicator in the cultivation of the crop. The use of agrotechnical methods of weed control provided an increase in the yield of milk thistle seeds by an average of 0.16 t/ha, in comparison with the control.

Effects of mechanical weed control in organic soybean cultivation on weed biomass and diversity in Luxembourg

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Richard ◽  
Laura Leimbrock ◽  
Gilles Rock ◽  
René Diederich ◽  
Guy Reiland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Protein Production ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Shannon Index ◽  
Grain Legume ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Mechanical Methods ◽  
Weed Diversity ◽  
Mechanical Weed Control

<p>With a high protein content (± 40 %) and an optimal amino acid composition, soybean (<em>Glycine max</em> (L.) Merr.), a member of the family <em>Leguminosae</em>, is one of the most important feed protein sources in animal nutrition. By signing the European Soy Declaration in 2017, Luxembourg aims to promote the regional cultivation of protein crops, e.g. soybean. Organic soybean cultivation in Luxembourg is still in its initial stage, with knowledge gaps mainly in mechanical weed control. The aim of the project “Sustainable and resource-efficient protein production using various mechanical weed control methods in grain legume cultivation, using soybean as an example” (LeguTec) is to investigate the efficiency of the selected mechanical systems under consideration of, inter alia, weed biomass.</p><p>In 2018 and 2019, field trials took place on two organic farms in Luxembourg (in Manternach and Hostert). Five mechanical methods were tested in soybean cultivation (variety Merlin), including A) harrow, B) interrow cultivator with duck-foot shares, C) interrow cultivator with duck-foot shares and finger-weeder, D) a combination of treatments A and C, and E) mixed cropping of soybean and camelina in combination with harrow. A positive control F) weeded by hand and a negative control G) not weeded are also implemented. Field trials were set as one-factorial-exact-trial with four replicates. Weeds were counted and identified and biomass cut before and after each weed control run as well as at flowering. Weed diversity was estimated by means of the Shannon index.  Data were analysed using ANOVA (p<0.05) and appropriated pairwise comparison Tuckey tests.</p><p>In 2018, significant less weed biomass is observed in Hostert for D in comparison to A and E, and for B, C and D in comparison to A and E, in 2019. Biomass in Manternach in 2019 is significantly lower in treatment D. Globally, weed biomass at flowering tends to be lower in the hoeing treatments (B, C and D) than in the harrowing treatments. High weed pressure from the beginning on in all treatments in Hostert has limited the efficiency of weeding but with a tendency in favour of the interrow cultivator.  At the Manternach site, weed pressure was low in 2018, allowing good regulation resulting in low diversity in all treatments. Values of the Shannon index tend to be negatively affected by mechanical weeding across all field trials. In 2019, significant lower Shannon index is observed in Hostert for treatments C and D, as well as for treatment C in Manternach. Hoeing generally tends to lower the most weed diversity in addition to weed biomass. Low abundant species were more likely to disappear, while 1 to 4 species became over-dominant in each treatment.</p><p>The increased interest in regional soybean cultivation in Luxembourg due to the LeguTec project shows the need of further research on soybean cultivation to reach the long-term goal of overcoming cultivation barriers and promoting a sustainable, resource-efficient protein production in Luxembourg.</p>

Assessment of quality of life in patients with the effects of transient ischemic stroke

2016 ◽  
pp. 37-39
Author(s):  
A. Babirad
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Cerebrovascular Diseases ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sociological Research ◽  
Cerebrovascular Events ◽  
Sf 36 ◽  
Angioplasty And Stenting

Cerebrovascular diseases are a problem of the world today, and according to the forecast, the problem of the near future arises. The main risk factors for the development of ischemic disorders of the cerebral circulation include oblique and aging, arterial hypertension, smoking, diabetes mellitus and heart disease. An effective strategy for the prevention of cerebrovascular events is based on the implementation of large-scale risk control measures, including the use of antiagregant and anticoagulant therapy, invasive interventions such as atheromectomy, angioplasty and stenting. In this connection, the efforts of neurologists, cardiologists, angiosurgery, endocrinologists and other specialists are the basis for achieving an acceptable clinical outcome. A review of the SF-36 method for assessing the quality of life in patients with the effects of transient ischemic stroke is presented. The assessment of quality of life is recognized in world medical practice and research, an indicator that is also used to assess the quality of the health system and in general sociological research.

1,3-Thiazolidin-4-ones: Biological Potential, History, Synthetic Development and Green Methodologies

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (8) ◽  
pp. 1109-1123
Author(s):  
Jonas da Silva Santos ◽  
Joel Jones Junior ◽  
Flavia M. da Silva
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Green Chemistry ◽  
Functional Group ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Structural Theory ◽  
Molecular Structures ◽  
Biological Potential ◽  
Synthetic Methodologies ◽  
Over Time

Background: We present here the synthesis of 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one (1) and its functionalised analogues, such as the classical isosteres, glitazone (1,3-thiazolidine-2,4-dione) (2), rhodanine (2-thioxo-1,3- thiazolidin-4-one) (3) and pseudothiohydantoin (2-imino-1,3-thiazolidin-4-one) (4) started in the midnineteenth century to the present day (1865-2018). Objective: The review focuses on the differences in the representation of the molecular structures discussed here over time since the first discussions about the structural theory by Kekulé, Couper and Butlerov. Moreover, advanced synthesis methodologies have been developed for obtaining these functional group, including green chemistry. We discuss about its structure and stability and we show the great biological potential. Conclusion: The 1,3-thiazolidin-4-one nucleus and functionalised analogues such as glitazones (1,3- thiazolidine-2,4-diones), rhodanines (2-thioxo-1,3-thiazolidin-4-ones) and pseudothiohydantoins (2-imino-1,3- thiazolidine-2-4-ones) have great pharmacological importance, and they are already found in commercial pharmaceuticals. Studies indicate a promising future in the area of medicinal chemistry with potential activities against different diseases. The synthesis of these nuclei started in the mid-nineteenth century (1865), with the first discussions about the structural theory by Kekulé, Couper and Butlerov. The present study has demonstrated the differences in the representations of the molecular structures discussed here over time. Since then, various synthetic methodologies have been developed for obtaining these nuclei, and several studies on their structural and biological properties have been performed. Different studies with regards to the green synthesis of these compounds were also presented here. This is the result of the process of environmental awareness. Additionally, the planet Earth is already showing clear signs of depletion, which is currently decreasing the quality of life.

Chitosan in Biomedical Engineering: A Critical Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shabnam Mohebbi ◽  
Mojtaba Nasiri Nezhad ◽  
Payam Zarrintaj ◽  
Seyed Hassan Jafari ◽  
Saman Seyed Gholizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Biomedical Engineering ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Advanced Materials ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Chemical Structures ◽  
Bio Imaging ◽  
Significant Attention ◽  
Unique Chemical

Biomedical engineering seeks to enhance the quality of life by developing advanced materials and technologies. Chitosan-based biomaterials have attracted significant attention because of having unique chemical structures with desired biocompatibility and biodegradability, which play different roles in membranes, sponges and scaffolds, along with promising biological properties such as biocompatibility, biodegradability and non-toxicity. Therefore, chitosan derivatives have been widely used in a vast variety of uses, chiefly pharmaceuticals and biomedical engineering. It is attempted here to draw a comprehensive overview of chitosan emerging applications in medicine, tissue engineering, drug delivery, gene therapy, cancer therapy, ophthalmology, dentistry, bio-imaging, bio-sensing and diagnosis. The use of Stem Cells (SCs) has given an interesting feature to the use of chitosan so that regenerative medicine and therapeutic methods have benefited from chitosan-based platforms. Plenty of the most recent discussions with stimulating ideas in this field are covered that could hopefully serve as hints for more developed works in biomedical engineering.

Weed Control in a Conservation Tillage Rotation in the Texas Blacklands

Weed Science ◽  
1987 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 695-699 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven M. Brown ◽  
James M. Chandler ◽  
John E. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Control Systems ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Conservation Tillage ◽  
Grain Sorghum ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Sorghum Halepense ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
No Till ◽  
Primary Tillage ◽  
And Control

A field experiment was conducted to evaluate weed control systems in a conservation tillage rotation of grain sorghum [Sorghum bicolor(L.) Moench.] – cotton (Gossypium hirsutumL.) – wheat (Triticum aestivumL.). Herbicide systems included fall and spring/summer inputs of high and low intensity. Tillage regimes were no-till (NT) and reduced-till (RT) systems; the latter included fall primary tillage followed by spring stale seedbed planting. Both tillage systems utilized controlled traffic lanes and wide, raised beds. Effective johnsongrass [Sorghum halepense(L.) Pers. # SORHA] control required intense herbicide inputs at one or both application periods, i.e., in the fall and/or spring/summer. Grain sorghum and cotton yields for the most intense weed control system, which included high inputs in both the fall and spring/summer, were not superior to systems that included high inputs in only one of the two application periods. Seedling johnsongrass emergence occurred before spring planting in RT (but not in NT) in 2 of 3 yr, and control measures were ineffective. After 3 yr, the predominant weeds were johnsongrass and browntop panicum (Panicum fasciculatumSw. # PANFA).

scholarly journals Studies on the Occurrence of Viruses in Planting Material of Grapevines in Southwestern Germany

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 248
Author(s):  
Noemi Messmer ◽  
Patricia Bohnert ◽  
Stefan Schumacher ◽  
René Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Preventive Measures ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Grapevine Fanleaf Virus ◽  
Arabis Mosaic Virus ◽  
Planting Material ◽  
General Decline ◽  
Grapevine Pinot Gris Virus ◽  
Propagation Material

Viral diseases in viticulture lead to annual losses in the quantity and quality of grape production. Since no direct control measures are available in practice, preventive measures are taken to keep the vines healthy. These include, for example, the testing of propagation material for viruses such as Arabis mosaic virus (ArMV), Grapevine fanleaf virus (GFLV) or Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 1 (GLRaV-1) and 3 (GLRaV-3). As long-term investigations have shown, GLRaV-1 (2.1%) occurs most frequently in southwestern German wine-growing regions, whereas GLRaV-3 (<0.1%) is almost never found. However, tests conducted over 12 years indicate that there is no general decline in virus-infected planting material. Thus, it can be assumed that a spread of the viruses via corresponding vectors still takes place unhindered. Beyond the examinations regulated within the German Wine Growing Ordinance, one-time tests were carried out on Grapevine Pinot gris virus (GPGV). This analysis showed that GPGV was found in 17.2% of the samples.

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