Patient-derived xenograft (PDX) tumors increase growth rate with time

With the ever growing population and economic needs of Mauritius, the flora of Mauritius has never been in more danger and one group of vascular plants is even more in peril; ferns. Diplazium proliferum is indigenous to the Mascarene region and is considered as a rare species in Mauritius. The need to develop a tested in vitro propagation protocol is a must to protect the biodiversity of Mauritius. This experiment was geared towards the establishment of a proper sterilization technique and the effect of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and light on in vitro culture of this fern. Sterilization with 0.05% Mercuric chloride was effective to eliminate fungal contamination and allow germination of spores. Culture media supplemented with BAP did not significantly increase growth rate of both gametophytes and sporophytes of D. proliferum. Present results suggest efficient sterilization methods to be a crucial stage for successful in vitro regeneration of ferns. The established protocol will be used as an optimized baseline protocol for the propagation of other indigenous ferns.

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Zinc supplements increase growth rate in stunted Ethiopian children

Evidence-based Healthcare ◽

10.1054/ebhc.2000.0383 ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 5 (1) ◽

pp. 9

Author(s):

Saskia Osendarp

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Increase Growth Rate ◽

Zinc Supplements

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Feed Additives and Fish Meal for Growing Cattle

Proceedings of the British Society of Animal Production (1972) ◽

10.1017/s0308229600016202 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 1986 ◽

pp. 114-114

Author(s):

S. Thomas ◽

C.K. Mackie ◽

E.A. Hunter

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Dietary Supplements ◽

Fish Meal ◽

Feed Additives ◽

Increase Growth Rate ◽

Grazing Season ◽

Growing Cattle ◽

Ad Libitum

White fish meal and feed additives are used to increase growth rate by young growing cattle in their first winter before being turned out to graze. Some evidence indicates that increased gains may not be retained through the grazing season. A trial was made to measure the effect of fish meal and feed additives, alone or in combination, on performance by young growing cattle during winter and subsequently through the grazing season. Sixty British Friesian castrated male calves were offered silage containing 220g/kg DM ad libitum. There were six dietary supplements.

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Characterization of human bladder cancer patient-derived xenograft in vivo and in organoids.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2018.36.6_suppl.479 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 36 (6_suppl) ◽

pp. 479-479

Author(s):

Hung-Ming Lam ◽

Yuzhen Liu ◽

Funda Vakar-Lopez ◽

Lisha Brown ◽

Robert B. Montgomery ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Cycle ◽

Growth Rate ◽

Bladder Cancer ◽

Proliferation Index ◽

Bladder Cancer Patient ◽

Human Bladder Cancer ◽

Human Bladder ◽

Patient Derived Xenograft ◽

Late Passage

479 Background: To establish and molecularly characterize a human bladder cancer patient-derived xenograft (PDX) in vivo and in an organoid system derived from the PDX for preclinical studies. Methods: Two-mm3 bits of urothelial carcinoma originated from muscle invasive disease excised in cystectomy were implanted subcutaneously into male severe combined immunodeficient mice to establish PDXs. Established PDXs (CoCaB 1) were passaged subcutaneously in SCID mice and histopathology of each passage was compared with the originating tumor. Tumor size was measured weekly by caliper to determine the growth rate of PDXs from early (P1/P2) through late passage (P8/P9). Representative early and late passages were collected for organoid establishment. For both early and late passages, proliferation was assessed by Ki67 in PDXs and organoids, and cell cycle analysis and MTS assay specifically in organoids. RNA sequencing was performed to compare the fidelity of PDX and organoids vs. primary tumor. Results: Histologically, 16 of the 16 (100%) PDXs generated from early through late passage (1-2 tumors per passage) were similar to the original high-grade urothelial carcinoma. In vivo, the latency of PDX establishment decreased upon passage (9 weeks to take in early P1/2 vs. 2 weeks to take in late P8/9) and the growth rate increased upon passage. Concordantly, Ki67 proliferation index increased from 40% in P1 to 95% in P8 and was positively correlated with increasing passage (Spearman R=0.804, p=0.001). Similarly, in organoids, late passage demonstrated a shorter growth doubling time, higher Ki67 proliferation index, and faster progression through cell cycle. Transcriptional analysis showed that the PDX contained 81-92% human transcripts, whereas organoids contained >99% human transcripts. Conclusions: Bladder cancer PDXs histologically represented the originating disease. PDX and organoid systems demonstrated concordant increase in proliferation upon serial passages, suggesting clonal selection may take place in this aggressive tumor type. Despite more mouse stromal content in PDX, PDX and organoid represent two independent model systems with highly similar biological responses that allow therapeutic studies.

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Surface Morphologies and Optical Properties of Homoepitaxial ZnO Grown by Close-Spaced Chemical Vapor Transport

MRS Proceedings ◽

10.1557/proc-1012-y03-25 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 1012 ◽

Author(s):

Koji Abe ◽

Tetsuya Tokuda ◽

Yuta Banno ◽

Osamu Eryu

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Chemical Vapor ◽

Vapor Transport ◽

Chemical Vapor Transport ◽

Powder Surface ◽

Increase Growth Rate ◽

Homoepitaxial Growth ◽

Surface Morphologies ◽

Substrate Temperatures

AbstractChemical vapor transport (CVT) using carbon as a transporting agent is studied for homoepitaxial growth on O-polar ZnO substrates. To increase growth rate at high temperatures, we keep a substrate close to ZnO source powder. Surface smoothness and crystal quality of epilayers are remarkably improved by increasing a substrate temperature. Smooth surfaces are observed on the epilayer grown at substrate temperatures above 920°C.

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Transient manipulation of the expression level of selected growth rate correlating microRNAs does not increase growth rate in CHO-K1 cells

Journal of Biotechnology ◽

10.1016/j.jbiotec.2019.02.011 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 295 ◽

pp. 63-70

Author(s):

Gerald Klanert ◽

Nina Bydlinski ◽

Patrice Agu ◽

Andreas B. Diendorfer ◽

Matthias Hackl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Expression Level ◽

Increase Growth Rate

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GROWTH RETARDATION EFFECTS OF SOME GLUCOCORTICOIDS AND GLUCAGON IN CHICKENS

Canadian Journal of Animal Science ◽

10.4141/cjas70-086 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 50 (3) ◽

pp. 629-637 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

J. S. GAVORA ◽

P. A. KONDRA

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Oral Administration ◽

Growth Retardation ◽

Broiler Chickens ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Liver Weight ◽

Hydrocortisone Acetate ◽

Increase Growth Rate

Three experiments were conducted to test the effects of Lipo-adrenal cortex (LAC), cortisone acetate (CA), hydrocortisone acetate (HCA) and glucagon (G) in broiler chickens. Oral administration of 38.7, 69.6 or 96.8 mg CA per bird significantly retarded body weight gain between days 14 and 21. HCA administered intramuscularly in doses varying from 2 to 24 mg/100 g of body weight significantly decreased body weight gain between days 14 and 28. Shank growth was similarly affected by doses over 4 mg HCA. The same doses significantly increased liver weight. At 3 months of age, birds recovered from growth retardation caused by the injection of 4 mg HCA/100 g of body weight at 14 days of age. Experimental results indicate that 2 or 4 mg HCA/100 g of body weight, administered by one injection at 14 days of age, may be used to increase growth rate variance by retarding growth.

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Insulin-like growth factor-I and analogues increase growth in artificially-reared neonatal pigs

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn2002574 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 87 (6) ◽

pp. 587-593 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Frank R. Dunshea ◽

Chung S. Chung ◽

Phil C. Owens ◽

John F. Ballard ◽

Paul E. Walton

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Growth Factors ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Milk Intake ◽

Daily Weight Gain ◽

Initial Weight ◽

Increase Growth Rate ◽

Neonatal Pigs ◽

Igf I ◽

Ad Libitum

Exogenous insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I has been shown to increase growth rate in neonatal pigs while an analogue of IGF-I, long arginine (LR3) IGF-I, has been shown to be more potent than IGF-I in the rat. Therefore, two studies were conducted to determine whether IGF-I and LR3IGF-I increase growth in the artificially-reared neonatal pig. Expt 1 involved forty-two (2 kg initial weight) pigs infused with either control, IGF-I (2, 4 or 8 μg/h) or LR3IGF-I (2, 4 or 8 μg/h) infusions for 8 d. Pigs were weighed and then offered 1·7 MJ (gross energy) milk replacer/kg0·75 per d. Expt 2 involved eighteen pigs (2 kg initial weight) treated with control saline, IGF-I (8 μg/h) or LR3IGF-I (8 μg/h) infusions. After 9 d an additional pump was inserted to increase the infusion rates of each of the growth factors (16 μg/h) for a further 9 d. Cows' milk was provided ad libitum. In Expt 1 there was no overall effect of growth factors on daily weight gain or slaughter weight. However, milk intake was greater in pigs infused with growth factors (909 v. 867 g/d, P=0·027), with an apparently greater milk intake by the pigs infused with IGF-I compared with LR3IGF-I (920 v. 898 g/d, P=0·12). Infusion of LR3IGF-I decreased plasma IGF-I concentrations, but had no effect on plasma IGF-II concentrations. In Expt 2, neither IGF-I nor LR3IGF-I infusion had any effect upon daily weight gain over the first 9 d of the study. However, over the second 9 d of the study, daily weight gain was increased in LR3IGF-I-infused pigs (457 v. 386 g/d, P<0·01), but not in pigs infused with IGF-I (413 v. 386 g/d, P=0·15). Milk intake was not different during the first 9 d of the study but was significantly greater in pigs infused with growth factors over the second half of the study (3407 v. 2905 g/d, P<0·01). Plasma IGF-binding protein-3 concentrations were highly correlated (R=0·85) with average daily gain over the 3 d preceding blood sampling. In conclusion, exogenous IGF-I and particularly LR3IGF-I can increase growth rate and milk intake in artificially-reared pigs fed ad libitum but not in limit-fed piglets.

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The Effect of Immersion Duration in Thyroxine Hormone on Growth of Snakehead Fish Larvae (Channa striata)

Journal of Aquaculture Science ◽

10.31093/joas.v4i1.63 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Muslim Muslim ◽

Ade Dwi Sasanti ◽

Apriana Apriana

Keyword(s):

Growth Rate ◽

Fish Larvae ◽

Fish Larva ◽

Increase Growth Rate ◽

Average Value ◽

Fish Breeding ◽

Randomized Design ◽

Channa Striata ◽

Completely Randomized Design ◽

Research Show

The aim of this research was to determine the best immertion duration to increase growth rate of snakehead fish larva. The research was conducted in Fish Breeding unit Batanghari Sembilan Indralaya, Kabupaten Ogan Ilir. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with five treatments (0, 12, 24, 36, and 48 hours of immertion), with three replications. The parameters observed were growth, survival rate and water quality. The results of this research show that the highest growth rate found in the 24 hours of treatment with the average value of 0.17 g of weight and increase in length of 1.90 cm. The best survival contained in treatment of immersion for 36 hours with the average value of 71.67%.

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