scholarly journals Particularities of Electrophysiological and Psychoneurological Assessment of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gabriela Mariana Marcu ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Diagnostic Marker ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Gradual Improvement ◽  
Functional Deficits ◽  
Post Concussion Syndrome ◽  
Speed Of Information Processing ◽  
The Individual

Neuropsychological functioning after mTBI is individualized and dynamic, with no currently known predictors and usually having a trajectory of gradual improvement. It is still a challenge to identify specific cognitive profiles associated with mTBI. One of the causes is the transient character of TBI symptoms as they are not appearing immediately after the injury. Another explanation resides in the individual and group variability of cognitive impairements following mTBI, which also affects the standardisation of the neuropsychological tests to use in mTBI assessment batteries (Iverson et al., 2013; Prince & Bruhns, 2017; Tulsky et al., 2017). Presently concussion has no accepted definition or diagnostic criteria. Also, there is no standard (or gold standard) for screening or properly identifying and diagnosing all population with concussion. (Borg et al., 2004). Patients with mTBI could evolve in a bunch of physical, cognitive, and emotional symptoms (Permenter et al., 2021) that are usually known as post-concussion syndrome (PCS). In terms of symptoms, we target neuropsychological evaluation of four key domains (“higher-order attention”, “executive function”, “episodic memory”, and “speed of information processing”) implicated in chronic impairment after mTBI. Alternatively, studies on the EEG frequency domain shed new light on the possibility to have a diagnostic marker based on QEEG patterns identified in the mTBI population and some prognostic factors for the PCS syndrome.(Rapp et al., 2015; Thornton & Carmody, 2009). Given the particularities of neuropsychological functioning after mTBI we emphasize the need of a mixed methodology, using both electrophysiological and psychoneurological tools, to provide the best sensitivity and specificity in assessing cognitive and functional deficits and in predicting further PCS.

Neuropsychological Deficits in Young Adults Born Small-for-Gestational Age (SGA) at Term

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Furre Østgård ◽  
Jon Skranes ◽  
Marit Martinussen ◽  
Geir W Jacobsen ◽  
Ann-Mari Brubakk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Small For Gestational Age ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Motor Coordination ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Neuropsychological Test ◽  
Immediate Memory ◽  
Design Fluency

AbstractReduced IQ, learning difficulties and poor school performance have been reported in small-for-gestational-age (SGA) subjects. However, few studies include a comprehensive neuropsychological assessment. Our aim was to study neuropsychological functioning in young adults born SGA at term. A comprehensive neuropsychological test battery was administered to 58 SGA subjects (birth weight <10th centile) born at term, and 81 term non-SGA controls (birth weight ≥10th centile). The SGA group obtained significantly (p< .01) lower scores on the attention, executive and memory domains compared to non-SGA controls and showed higher risk of obtaining scores below −1.5SDon the memory domain (odds ratio = 13.3, 95% confidence interval: 1.57, 112.47). At a subtest level, the SGA group obtained lower scores on most neuropsychological tests, with significant differences on 6 of 46 measures: the Trail Making Test 3 (letter sequencing), the Wechsler Memory Scale mental control and the auditory immediate memory scale, the Design Fluency, the Stroop 3 (inhibition) and the Visual Motor Integration (VMI) motor coordination subtest. Young adults born SGA score more poorly on neuropsychological tests compared with non-SGA controls. Differences were modest, with more significant differences in the memory domain. (JINS, 2014,20, 1–11)

Lucia and the Auscultation of Disease in Mid-Nineteenth-Century France

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Mark A. Pottinger
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Body ◽  
Emotional Symptoms ◽  
Early Nineteenth Century ◽  
Nineteenth Century France ◽  
The Look ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Medical Historian ◽  
Eventual Death ◽  
French Physician

As many scholars have shown, regardless of its popularity today, the ‘mad scene’ of Lucia di Lammermoor was not popular in the several years that followed the premiere in 1835. In fact, audiences, critics and publishers of opera selections for the salon preferred the love duet of act 1 or the final scene of the opera when Edgardo kills himself upon hearing the news that Lucia is dead. In this article, I explore early nineteenth-century notions of hysteria, a disease that manifested with both physical and emotional symptoms. If undiagnosed, the individual suffering from the disease would experience muscle contractions, pupil dilations, delusions, cardiac arrest and eventual death. One of the seminal studies of hysteria in the first half of the nineteenth century was written by the French physician and medical historian Frédéric Dubois d'Amiens (1799–1873), who published in 1833 Histoire philosophique de l'hypochondrie et de l'hystérie, a 500-plus page investigation into the cause and cure of hysterics and hypochondriacs. Through an investigation of the diagnosis of hysteria in d'Amiens's work and the sound and look of hysteria in Donizetti's opera, now made more acute through familiarity with the newly invented stethoscope (1816, René Laennec) and its ability to deliver the internal sounds of the body, we can see how close the opera comes to mirroring the look and sound of the disease, which may explain the lack of enthusiasm and in some cases outright hostility to Lucia's fall into madness in the early reception of the work in France.

The Impact of Impaired “Theory of Mind” on Social Interactions in Schizophrenia

2011 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 511-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary H. Kosmidis ◽  
Maria Giannakou ◽  
Giorgos Garyfallos ◽  
Grigoris Kiosseoglou ◽  
Vassilis P. Bozikas
Keyword(s):  
Theory Of Mind ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Hierarchical Regression ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Symptom Ratings ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Healthy Participants

AbstractGiven the importance of social dysfunction in schizophrenia, many studies have explored how social cognition, and, particularly, Theory of Mind (ToM) may affect patients’ social interactions. In the present study, we investigated the impact of ToM deficits on social interactions, taking into account overall neuropsychological functioning as well as clinical and demographic characteristics. We assessed 28 patients with schizophrenia and 30 healthy participants on a series of tasks including tests of ToM, neuropsychological tests focused on functions potentially relevant to ToM and role plays as an indicator of social interactions. Patients performed more poorly than healthy controls across most ToM and some of the neuropsychological tests. Correlations and hierarchical regression analyses indicated the impact of some, but not all, facets of ToM on patients’ social interactions, over and above neuropsychological functioning, positive and negative symptom ratings, duration of illness and demographic characteristics. These findings suggest that remediation of ToM deficits in patients with schizophrenia may help to improve their social interactions. (JINS, 2011, 17, 511–521)

Personality Dysfunction and Lateralized Deficits in Cerebral Functions as Measured by the MMPI and Reitan-Halstead Battery

1976 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 655-659 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Louks ◽  
Donald Calsyn ◽  
Frank Lindsay
Keyword(s):  
Left Hemisphere ◽  
Test Performance ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Neuropsychological Testing ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Personality Organization ◽  
Functional Deficits ◽  
Personality Differences ◽  
Personality Dysfunction ◽  
The Relationship

Previous research using the MMPI has failed to show personality differences between right and left hemispheric brain-damaged patients. The purposes of the present study were, first, to determine whether lateralized deficits in cortical functioning as measured by neuropsychological testing are systematically associated with neurotic-psychotic distinctions on the MMPI Secondly, we wished to determine the strength of predictive association in the relationship between lateralized functional deficits and personality organization A localization key (Russell, et al., 1972) was applied to the “Reitan-Battery” test results for 94 patients who were referred for neuropsychological testing. Based on this approach, 15 pairs of patients were selected who were “left” or “right” hemispheric dysfunctional in terms of test performance. Pairs were matched for age and “average impairment rating” (Russell, et al., 1972). Their MMPIs were also designated “neurotic” or “psychotic” using the Goldberg Psychotic Index (Goldberg, 1972). The results suggest that patients with deficits in left hemisphere functions tend to score in the psychotic range and patients with deficits in right hemispheric functions tend to score in the neurotic range of the MMPI Goldberg Index. In this set of data there was a 38% reduction in error of predicting neurotic-psychotic category by knowing whether the patient was left or right hemispheric dysfunctional in terms of neuropsychological tests.

Who Gets how much Care in Psychiatric Outpatient Clinics and Why?

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
F. Wedegaertner ◽  
G. Holler ◽  
H.M. Emrich
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Outpatient Clinics ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Functional Deficits ◽  
Care Givers ◽  
Lump Sum ◽  
Psychiatric Outpatient ◽  
Independent Life ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Best Fit

Aims:German psychiatric outpatient clinics have been established to treat the sickest among outpatients. They receive a lump sum per patient and quarter. This reimbursement is currently under scrutiny, because it can act as a disincentive for the care-givers and to the disadvantage of the patients. It was the aim of this study to elucidate the connections between individual aspects and concerns of the patients and the amount of care administered.Method:Clients of one of the largest health insurers, who visited a preselected outpatient clinic were followed for six months (p=339). All treatment activities were logged individually. Relevant sociodemographic data, the diagnoses, the individual needs and idiosyncracies, the course of the symptoms and case history were noted. Associations between the factors and utilization were tested by ANOVA and multiple linear regression models.Results:The regression model with the best fit (r²=0,48, p< 0,001) included five variables. Lower utilization is associated with living in nursing home (ß=-0,378; p< 0,001), higher age (ß=-0,273; p< 0,001), legal incapacity (ß=-0,306,p=0,002) and lower social functioning (ß=-0,187; p=0,033); higher utilization with inpatient days prior to outpatient treatment (ß=0,168; p=0,015). Treatment aims, isolated functional deficits, diagnoses and graveness of symptoms did not have a significant influence.Conclusions:Outpatient clinics should address the needs of younger patients with the aspiration of an independent life despite of a grave psychiatric disorder. Treatments administered to nursing-home inhabitants are much less complex, although these patients are even sicker. A corresponding reallocation of financial resources is suggested.

scholarly journals Cognitive Rehabilitation in Multiple Sclerosis in the Period from 2013 and 2021: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
Bruno Brochet
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Cognitive Rehabilitation ◽  
Cognitive Domains ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Computerized Training ◽  
Great Heterogeneity ◽  
Memory Rehabilitation ◽  
Group Rehabilitation ◽  
The Individual

Background: In recent years, several blinded randomized controlled trials (RCT) have been conducted on cognitive rehabilitation (CR) in adults with multiple sclerosis (MS). Objective: To review all blinded RCTs on CR in MS published since 2013. Methods: The National Library of Medicine database (Medline) and PSYCINFO were searched using the keywords MS and CR or cognitive training or NP rehabilitation or memory rehabilitation or attention rehabilitation. Results: After the exclusion of some papers not specifically focused on CR, a final list of 26 studies was established. The papers belong to three main categories: individual specific rehabilitation (8studies), group rehabilitation (4 studies), and computerized training (CT) (14 studies), while one study combined group rehabilitation and CT. Among the individual rehabilitation studies, 5 were devoted to memory, and most of the 19 other selected studies were about several cognitive domains. Most of the studies mainly concerned RRMS patients, except for 2 studies that were carried out exclusively in progressive forms. Despite the methodological limitations of some studies and the great heterogeneity of the protocols, the results are generally in favor of the efficacy of CR in neuropsychological tests. Conclusion: Recent blinded RCTs about CR in MS show promising results.

Acute Concussion vs Post-Concussion Syndrome (PCS): How Can We Prevent Progression?

Neurology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 98 (1 Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. S17.3-S18
Author(s):  
Sheharzad Mahmood ◽  
Ann-Marie Przyslupski ◽  
Terry Lynn Defreitas ◽  
Martin Mrazik ◽  
Connie Lebrun
Keyword(s):  
Sports Medicine ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Family Physicians ◽  
Retrospective Chart Review ◽  
Acute Injury ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Post Concussion Syndrome ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Appointment Time ◽  
The Individual

ObjectiveTo contrast the presentation and recovery of acute concussion and post-concussion syndrome (PCS) in order to identify factors for PCS prevention.BackgroundConcussions are classified as acute (<90 days to resolution) or post-concussion syndrome (PCS, = 90 days to resolution). PCS poses a great burden to the individual and to public health. Further investigation is warranted for understanding the progression of acute concussion to PCS and potential mitigating strategies.Design/MethodsRetrospective chart review of concussion patients seen by Sports Medicine and Exercise Physicians over a five-year period. Outcome measures included demographics, wait-times, injury mechanisms, Sport Concussion Assessment Tool (SCAT) scores, management plans, and recovery timelines.ResultsFour hundred ninety-six patients (289 male/207 female, 19.7 ± 9.4 years) presented with 561 concussions in 1,471 visits. Acute concussions accounted for 88% of injuries and 12% were PCS. Females (RR = 1.4) and adults = 25 years (RR = 3.6) were more likely to be diagnosed with PCS. In both, injuries occurred most commonly in hockey, football, and soccer. Family physicians were the most frequent referral provider (58% acute, 76% PCS). Median injury-appointment time was 11.0 days (acute) compared to 182.0 days (PCS). Initial total SCAT symptom score was significantly greater (p < 0.001) in PCS (56.0 ± 33.0) compared to acute concussion (39.8 ± 31.9). Therapies (i.e., referral, medication, intervention) were prescribed in 44% of acute injury visits compared to 73% of PCS visits. Recovery timelines for return to work, school, and sport were significantly longer in PCS patients than in those with acute concussions (p < 0.05).ConclusionsOur findings of the incidence/presentation of PCS agree with previous literature. Athletes who are female and/or = 25 years may be at greater risk for PCS progression, requiring close monitoring and further injury prevention efforts. Considering the number of referrals from family physicians, further concussion education may better optimize initial management and shorten delays in seeking necessary sports medicine consultation.

scholarly journals Different cognitive profiles of Brazilian patients with relapsing-remitting and primary progressive multiple sclerosis

2011 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 590-595 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dóra-Neide Rodrigues ◽  
Renata Alves Paes ◽  
Claudia Cristina Ferreira Vasconcelos ◽  
Jesus Landeira-Fernandez ◽  
Maria Papais Alvarenga
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Primary Progressive Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Cognitive Profiles ◽  
Primary Progressive ◽  
Immediate Recall ◽  
Relapsing Remitting ◽  
Healthy Control ◽  
Visual Organization

Cognitive impairment is a symptom of multiple sclerosis (MS). Different clinical forms of multiple sclerosis have different cognitive profiles, according to findings of previous studies which used extensive batteries of neuropsychological tests. OBJECTIVE: To investigate cognitive profiles of Brazilian patients with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) and primary progressive multiple sclerosis (PPMS) by using a brief battery of neuropsychological tests. METHOD: Sixty-six patients, within 18-65 of age and 3-18 years of education, were paired with healthy control subjects, regarding gender, age, and education level. RESULTS: On Symbol Digit Modalities Test and Hooper Visual Organization Test, cognition was affected in 50% in RRMS and 69% in PPMS. Fluency of "F" was impaired in 24% of RRMS and 81% of PPMS. Immediate recall was affected in 32% of RRMS and in 63% of PPMS; whereas late recall, in 46% of relapsing-remitting and in 69% of primary progressive. CONCLUSION: Cognitive profiles of relapsing-remitting and primary progressive patients are different

Brain Functions of Christians and Non-Christians

1976 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl B. Dodrill
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Cerebral Hemispheres ◽  
Empirical Methods ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
One To One ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Rule Out

Meyer (1975) has hypothesized that Christians might have “a peculiar organization of neurons” in their right cerebral hemispheres which reflects their approach to the world and which is relevant to the perception and integration of their experience (p. 286). This hypothesis was evaluated employing 20 Christians and 24 non-Christians who were selected by a series of criteria designed to rule out doubtful cases. Each individual took an extensive battery of neuropsychological tests known to be sensitive to a wide range of brain functions. The results showed no differences whatever between the groups. Interpretation of the data recognized the lack of a one-to-one correlation between the spiritual and physical aspects of the individual and emphasized the importance of empirical methods in the integration of psychology and theology.

Patterns of Neuropsychological Functioning Among Patients With Multi-Infarct and Alzheimer's Dementia: A Comparative Analysis

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 393-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerard J. Erker ◽  
H. Russell Searight ◽  
Patricia Peterson
Keyword(s):  
Neuropsychological Tests ◽  
Neuropsychological Functioning ◽  
Cognitive Tasks ◽  
Neuropsychological Battery ◽  
Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale ◽  
Wechsler Memory Scale ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Wechsler Adult Intelligence

Cognitive and neuropsychological tests are often employed to help describe the functioning of patients with multi-infarct dementia (MID) or patients with dementia of the Alzheimer's type (DAT). In this study, the Halstead-Reitan Neuropsychological Battery (HRNB), Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised (WAIS-R), and Wechsler Memory Scale (WMS) were completed by 20 MID patients and 62 patients with DAT. Total scores on these measures did not differentiate DAT and MID patients. Contrary to clinical observations, cognitive tasks assessing social judgment did not differentiate between the groups. However, MID patients demonstrated greater variability in test scores. Compared with DAT patients, the MID patients demonstrated better preserved memory as shown on the WMS in comparison to the WAIS-R IQ.

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