scholarly journals JUSTIFICATION OF TENSORISTOR CALIBRATION IN A COMPLEX WITH MEASURING EQUIPMENT

2021 ◽  
pp. 75-85
Author(s):  
Nataliia Fidrovska ◽  
Roman Ponomarenko ◽  
Evgen Slepuzhnikov ◽  
Dmytro Kozodoi
Keyword(s):  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Output Signal ◽  
Measuring Equipment ◽  
Functional Relationship ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Strain Gages ◽  
Reliable Measurement ◽  
Complex Design ◽  
Measurement Results

The article describes the process of calibrating strain gauge and measuring equipment. Modern machines have a complex design of the shapes of parts and assemblies. The loads acting on them often do not allow the determination of the stress state by modeling or calculation when creating these structurally complex machines. Therefore, conducting experimental studies using the strain gauge method is an extremely important task in real time. But for such a study, it is necessary to calibrate the strain gauges. Calibration must be performed to determine the functional relationship between the load applied to the part to be tested and the equipment output. Depending on the size, as well as the configuration and other features of the investigated part, several methods of calibration of strain gages are used: direct and indirect. To obtain reliable measurement results, the calibration conditions should differ as little as possible from the conditions of experimental studies of the tested parts. Calibration must be performed to determine the functional relationship between the load applied to the part to be tested and the equipment output. Depending on the size, as well as the configuration and other features of the investigated part, several methods of calibration of strain gages are used: direct and indirect. To obtain reliable measurement results, the calibration conditions should differ as little as possible from the conditions of experimental studies of the tested parts. Calibration consists in finding a functional relationship between the load acting on the tested part and the output signal of the equipment. To do this, creating previously known loads on the part on which the strain gauges are glued, and comparing the value of these loads with the intensity of the output signal, their ratio is determined analytically or graphically. Electrotensometry uses bridge and half-bridge measurement circuits. The half-bridge circuit is widely used, especially in static processes, where one strain gauge is active, and the other is located in the area of the load and is used for temperature compensation. 

scholarly journals REQUIREMENTS FOR TESTING EQUIPMENT, TESTING METHODOLOGY AND METROLOGICAL TRACEABILITY: REGULATORY AND NORMATIVE SUPPORT

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Smernnytskyi ◽  
Y. Samus ◽  
O. Biliaieva ◽  
T. Romanova
Keyword(s):  
Measuring Equipment ◽  
Metrological Traceability ◽  
Testing Equipment ◽  
National Standard ◽  
Reliable Measurement ◽  
Research Article ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Measurement Methodology ◽  
Accredited Laboratories ◽  
Equipment Testing

In order to obtain reliable measurement results during the conformity assessment of products in the testing laboratory, it is important to provide metrological confirmation of the used measuring equipment. When performing measurements according to the appropriate methodology, it is important to comply clearly with the requirements for measuring equipment, conditions, sequence of measurement operations, the qualifications of specialists. Research article considers the general requirements for testing equipment and measurement methodology in accordance with the national standard DSTU ISO / IEC 17025: 2017.Several requirements to the equipment and methodology of confirming their suitability by calibration and verification are analyzed. For accredited laboratories the calibration of measuring equipment, that affects the reliability of obtained results, is mandatory; testing equipment that does not perform measuring functions, must be checked for the compliance with the technical characteristics set out in the testing methods. The requirements for measurement methodology and methods of their suitability confirming through verification and validation are analyzed. The main risks of testing laboratories in the performance of measurements have been identified.

scholarly journals Experimental Studies of an Asymmetric Multi-Bolted Connection under Monotonic Loads

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2353
Author(s):  
Rafał Grzejda ◽  
Arkadiusz Parus ◽  
Konrad Kwiatkowski
Keyword(s):  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Testing Machine ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Measurement Data ◽  
Measuring System ◽  
Optimal Sequence ◽  
Bolted Connection ◽  
Initial Values ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Monotonic Loads

This article describes the experimental studies of a preloaded asymmetric multi-bolted connection in the exploitation state. The construction of two stands were introduced: for bolt calibration and for evaluating the bolt forces in a multi-bolted connection. The bolts were tightened in a specific optimal sequence, in three passes, monitoring the force values in the bolts using a calibrated strain gauge measuring system. The studies were conducted for the selected multi-bolted connection on an Instron 8850 testing machine. The measurement data were saved in MATLAB R2018b Simulink. The measurement results were analysed statistically and are presented via charts showing the distributions of the normalised values of the bolt forces as a function of the linearly increasing and decreasing exploitation loads. We show that the forces in individual bolts, after unloading the multi-bolted connection, change in relation to the initial values of their preload.

scholarly journals INTEGRATED STRAIN GAUGE PRINTING IN A CFRP STRUCTURE

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 75-82
Author(s):  
Sandra MISCH ◽  
Florian WELZEL ◽  
Hans-Christian MÖHRING
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Conditions ◽  
Carbon Fibre ◽  
Machine Tool ◽  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Strain Gages ◽  
Reinforced Plastics ◽  
Cfrp Plate ◽  
Printing Direction ◽  
Carbon Fibre Reinforced Plastics

Our approach is to integrate printed strain gauges into a structure of laminated carbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRP). This can provide minimizing disturbances caused by an additional sensor weight. Another point is to reduce the occurrence of pre-damage, as a printed structure is integrated directly into the CFRP. Due to the printing, no additional masses are applied to the CFRP by cables. To this end, the boundary conditions for the print are first explained. Subsequently, the strain gages were printed. For this purpose, studies were carried out regarding the orientation of the strain gage printing direction, the influence of repeated printing, the overlapping during printing and the subsequent lamination in CFRP plates. The sensors are to be used in the structure of the CFRP plate in a machine tool.

APPLICATION OF THE METHOD SPRINGY DEFORMATIONS OF BARREL DURING SHOT FOR DETERMINING THE INITIAL VELOCITY OF THE SHELL (MINE)

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (12) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
Ye. Didenko ◽  
O. Stepanenko
Keyword(s):  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Initial Velocity ◽  
Radial Direction ◽  
Fire Control ◽  
Automatic Control Systems ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
Initial Resistance ◽  
The Moment ◽  
The Many ◽  
Effective Use

One of the indicators of the effective use of artillery is the accuracy of the fire impact on the objects of enemy. The accuracy of the artillery is achieved by completing the implementation of all measures for the preparation of shooting and fire control. Main measures of ballistic preparation are to determine and take into account the summary deviation of the initial velocity. The existing procedure for determining the summary deviation of the initial velocity for the check (main) cannon of battery leads to accumulation of ballistic preparation errors. The supply of artillery units with means of determining the initial speed of the projectile is insufficient. Among the many known methods for measuring the initial velocity, not enough attention was paid to the methods of analyzing the processes that occur during a shot in the "charge-shell-barrel" system. Under the action of the pressure of the powder gases in the barrel channel and the forces of the interaction of the projectile with the barrel there are springy deformations in the radial direction. To measure springy deformations it is advisable to use strain gauge sensors. Monitoring of deformation in a radial direction by time can be used to determine the moment of passing a projectile past the strain gauge mounted on the outer surface of the barrel. In the case of springy deformations, the initial resistance of the sensor varies in proportion to its value. The speed of the shell (mine) in the barrel can be determined by time between pulses of signals obtained from strain gauges located at a known distance from each other. The simplicity of the proposed method for measuring the initial velocity of an artillery shell provides an opportunity for equipping each cannon (mortar) with autonomous means for measuring the initial velocity. With the simultaneous puting into action of automatic control systems can be automatically taking into account the measurement results. This will change the existing procedure for determining the total deviation of the initial velocity and improve the accuracy, timeliness and suddenness of the opening of artillery fire, which are components of its efficiency.

Dentinal microcracks induced by endodontic procedures: suggested design for experimental studies using micro-CT and strain gauges

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stéphanie Quadros Tonelli ◽  
Marcelo Avelar Antunes ◽  
Kênia Maria Soares de Toubes ◽  
Antônio Carlos de Oliveira Miranda ◽  
André Maués Brabo Pereira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Micro Ct

Transmission of Ultrasonic Waves Via Optical Silica Glass Fiber Doped by 7.5% of TiO2 with the Use of Power Sandwich Transducer

2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Muc ◽  
Tadeusz Gudra
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibre ◽  
Output Signal ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Signal Amplitude ◽  
Capacitive Sensor ◽  
Ultrasonic Waves ◽  
Sandwich Type ◽  
Type Transducer ◽  
Simultaneous Transmission

Abstract The possibility of acoustic wave propagation in optical waveguides creates new prospects for simultaneous transmission of laser beams and ultrasonic waves. Combined laser-ultrasonic technology could be useful in e.g. surgical treatment. The article presents the results of experimental studies of transmission of ultrasonic wave in optical fibres, the core of which is doped by 7.5% of TiO2, using a sandwich-type transducer. It also presents amplitude characteristics of an ultrasonic signal propagated in the optical fibre. Authors studied the effect which the length of the fibre has on the achieved output signal amplitudes. They presented the relation of the output signal amplitude from a capacitive sensor to the power applied to the sandwich-type transducer. The obtained results were compared with the results produced when using an optical fibre with a core doped by 3% of GeO2, in order to select optical fibre suitable for simultaneous transmission of ultrasonic waves and laser rays.

Optimum Strain Gauge Application to Bladed Assemblies

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Szwedowicz ◽  
S. M. Senn ◽  
R. S. Abhari
Keyword(s):  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Element Model ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Structural Components ◽  
Algorithm Optimization ◽  
Rotating Blades ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Present Technique ◽  
Optimization Function ◽  
Rotating Impeller

Optimum placements of the strain gauges assure reliable vibration measurements of structural components such as rotating blades. Within the framework of cyclic vibration theory, a novel approach has been developed for computation of the optimum gauge positions on tuned bladed discs regarding the determined sensitivity, orthogonality, gradient and distance criteria. The utilized genetic algorithm optimization tool allows for an effective numerical search of suitable solutions of the defined optimization function. A rotating impeller disc represented by a cyclic finite element model demonstrates the application of this method. The present technique can be easily applied to other structural components requiring optimal strain gauge instrumentation.

CONTROL SYSTEM FOR NEEDLE INSERTION INTO THE PERIPHERAL VENOUS VESSEL

2021 ◽  
pp. 122-125
Author(s):  
Екатерина Александровна Витоженц ◽  
Александр Викторович Кобелев
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Needle Insertion ◽  
Tissue Type ◽  
Mixed System ◽  
Injection Needle ◽  
Recorded Signal ◽  
Venous Puncture ◽  
Complex Design ◽  
The Moment ◽  
Venous Vessel

Предложен новый способ контроля введения инъекционной иглы в просвет вены на основе измерений электрического импеданса с помощью смешанной системы электродов, состоящей из биполярного и тетраполярного звеньев. Исследованы альтернативные схемы расположения электродов при проведении контроля венозной пункции биоимпедансным методом - они имеют более сложную конструкцию, используют дорогостоящие специализированные коаксиальные иглы, не позволяют однозначно определить факт прокола стенки венозного сосуда, нуждаются в дополнительной фильтрации регистрируемого сигнала с целью корректной интерпретации результата. Эффективность предложенной методики проверялась в ходе экспериментальных исследований на 5 добровольцах. Результаты экспериментов позволили идентифицировать 4 стадии нахождения инъекционной иглы относительно верхней конечности: нет касания, касание кожного покрова, нахождение под кожей коже, попадание в просвет вены. Идентификация положений инъекционной иглы происходит в реальном времени без дополнительной фильтрации регистрируемого сигнала. Метод позволяет обнаружить момент прокола стенки венозного сосуда стандартной инъекционной иглой, что в дальнейшем позволит сэкономить на изготовлении специализированных многослойных игольчатых электродов и внедрить данный способ контроля за проведением венепункции в медицинскую практику. Дальнейшее развитие предложенного подхода предполагает идентификацию двойного прокола вены, дифференцирование типа ткани в процессе введения иглы и исследование возможности определения типа кровеносного сосуда A new method for controlling the penetration of an injection needle into the vein based on measurements of electrical impedance using a mixed system of electrodes consisting of bipolar and tetrapolar parts is proposed. Alternative schemes for the arrangement of electrodes for monitoring venous puncture using the bioimpedance method have been investigated - they have a more complex design, use expensive specialized coaxial needles, do not allow to unambiguously determine the fact of a puncture of the venous vessel wall, require additional filtering of the recorded signal in order to correctly interpret the result. The effectiveness of the proposed technique was tested in experimental studies on 5 volunteers. The results of the experiments made it possible to identify 4 stages of finding the injection needle relative to the upper limb: no touching, touching the skin, being under the skin of the skin, getting into the lumen of the vein. Identification of the positions of the injection needle occurs in real time without additional filtering of the recorded signal. The method allows detecting the moment of puncture of the wall of a venous vessel with a standard injection needle, which in the future will save on the manufacture of specialized multilayer needle electrodes and introduce this method of monitoring venipuncture into medical practice. Further development of the proposed approach involves the identification of a double vein puncture, differentiation of tissue type during needle insertion, and investigation of the possibility of determining the type of blood vessel

Repeatability and Extended Time Stability Study of an Additively Printed Strain Gauge Under Different Load Conditions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pradeep Lall ◽  
Jinesh Narangaparambil ◽  
Tony Thomas ◽  
Kyle Schulze
Keyword(s):  
Strain Gauge ◽  
Printed Electronics ◽  
Performance Testing ◽  
Temperature Limit ◽  
Stability Study ◽  
Strain Gauges ◽  
Gauge Factor ◽  
Wearable Electronics ◽  
Strain Sensing ◽  
Sintering Conditions

Abstract Printed electronics has found new applications in wearable electronics owing to the opportunities for integration, and the ability of sustaining folding, flexing and twisting. Continuous monitoring necessitates the production of sensors, which include temperature, humidity, sweat, and strain sensors. In this paper, a process study was performed on the FR4 board while taking into account multiple printing parameters for the direct-write system. The process parameters include ink pressure, print speed, and stand-off height, as well as their effect on the trace profile and print consistency using white light interferometry analysis. The printed traces have also been studied for different sintering conditions while keeping the FR4 board’s temperature limit in mind. The paper also discusses the effect of sintering conditions on mechanical and electrical properties, specifically shear load to failure and resistivity. The data from this was then used to print strain gauges and compared them to commercially available strain gauges. By reporting the gauge factor, the printed strain gauge has been standardized. The conductive ink’s strain sensing capabilities will be studied under tensile cyclic loading (3-point bending) at various strain rates and maximum strains. Long-term performance testing will be carried out using cyclic tensile loads.

Application of Measuring Capability Index in the Export of the Measurement Requirement

2014 ◽  
Vol 530-531 ◽  
pp. 101-104
Author(s):  
Jin Hai Li ◽  
Da Wei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Product Quality ◽  
Measuring Equipment ◽  
Measurement Process ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Measurement Capability ◽  
Capability Index ◽  
Measurement Results ◽  
System Use ◽  
Incorrect Measurement ◽  
Intended Use

Measurement process is a specific process to support product quality, and export measurement requirements is the beginning of the measurement process control, it is important to achieve the goals of product quality and manage risk of incorrect measurement results. Measurement requirements, including the requirements for the measurement process and the requirements for measuring equipment, measuring requirements, measuring staff, measurement method, ambient conditions and the measured object as a system, use Measurement Capability Index, quantitatively export measurement requirements of measurement processes and measuring equipment to ensure that measurement processes and measuring equipment satisfy the intended use, make the process of measurement requirement derived more scientific and more standard.

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